Large-scales and high temperatures make measurements and experiments extremely challenging. But the diverse combinations of multiphase flows, heat and mass transfer, buoyancy and chemical reactions make metallurgical flows difficult to model.
Flow and heat transfer in metals and slags in steelmaking
Scrap heating and melting in furnace vessels
Flow, deposition of inclusions and clog growth in casting nozzles
Off-gas flow dynamics and post-combustion
Post-combustion of CO gas evolved in EAFs and BOFs can increase furnace efficiency if the heat produced is returned to the slag and steel. Alternatively, post-combustion with ambient air infiltration can lead to NOx production.
Powder spreading in LPM 3D printing
Simulation of powder spreading uniformity and morphology at higher spread speeds (with improved blade configurations)
Growth of clog in a pilot scale submerged entry nozzle in steelmaking. Flow and inclusion transport with inclusion particle adhesion to walls and subsequently forming clog. Radial cross-section shown with radial direction (here labelled "x") doubled to increase visibility of clog formation.
LPM powder spreading at high wipe speeds. Side and top views (side view has vertical scale doubled)