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Explanation: ABC data allows us to examine what happens immediately before the behavior and what happened immediately after the behavior. It helps to identify a hypothesized function.


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Explanation: Variable Ratio: A schedule of reinforcement in which a reinforcer is delivered after an average number of responses occurred. In this example, a tangible reinforcer is delivered on average after every 5th correct response.

Explanation: A schedule of reinforcement where reinforcement is provided after a fixed amount of time elapses. In this example, 1 hour is a fixed amount of time not an average amount of time. 

Explanation: tag_hash_110_________reinforcement is described as tag_hash_111_______something to the environment after a behavior occurs that increases the behavior occurring again in the future. In this example, a sticker is added and brushing teeth increases in the future.

Explanation: Partial interval recording is used to measure if a behavior occurred at any point within the interval and is recorded as a +. For example, if the interval is 1-minute long and the behavior only occurred for 5 seconds you would still record a +. Whole interval recording is measured when the behavior occurs for the whole interval (e.g., During a 1-minute interval the behavior occurred for the whole minute).

Explanation: Backward chaining where all of the steps in the chain are completed for the learner except for the last one, then the second to last one and so on. In this example, the RBT prompts the learner through the chain of responses until he has mastered completing the last step and then the second to last step and so forth. This chain allows the learner to contact reinforcement faster by completing the last step and being rewarded. 

Explanation: Positive reinforcement: Addition of a stimuli to the environment that increases the future frequency of a behavior. In this example, money (is added) that (increases) the behavior of cleaning her room. 

Explanation: DRI is a procedure in which reinforcement is delivered for a behavior that is topographically incompatible with the problem behavior. Incompatible means that the 2 behaviors are not able to completed at the same time. In this example, the client cannot roam the room and be seated in a chair at the same time.

Explanation: This selected answer best describes a teaching method known as DTT. NET is teaching skills through play, in the natural environment, and focusing on immediate interests and motivation. NET is most commonly child led and occurs in natural contexts and settings.

Explanation: In this example, the RBT is preparing for the session. Preparing for the session is required when implementing a skill acquisition plan. It is important to have materials ready, review behavior plans, and ask questions as needed.

Explanation: The replacement behavior should match the function of the behavior. Jack has attention seeking behaviors the answer that matches that would be withholding attention while Jack engages in aggressive behavior.

Explantation: Response Cost: the loss of a specific number of positive reinforcers that decrease the frequency of a similar responses in the future; as forum of negative punishment. For example; removing a token on a token board for a behavior. The cost was losing the token.

Explanation: This answer gave specific examples of what occurred during the session in observable/measurable/objective terms. When communicating with parents, refrain from using behavior terminology. 

Explanation: Rate is a measure of how often behavior occurs expressed as count per standard unit of time. In this case the BCBA was asking you to count how many times the client engages in verbal refusal in 30 minutes interval. If the answer was 15 times in 30 minutes the client was verbally refusing 50% during the 30 minute interval.

Explanation: This example they would shaping the how to say mommy. Shaping means using differential reinforcement to produce a series of gradually changing response classes; each response class is a successive approximation toward the terminal behavior. 

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Practicing retrieval of recently studied information enhances the likelihood of the learner retrieving that information in the future. We examined whether short-answer and multiple-choice classroom quizzing could enhance retention of information on classroom exams taken for a grade. In seventh-grade science and high school history classes, students took intermittent quizzes (short-answer or multiple-choice, both with correct-answer feedback) on some information, whereas other information was not initially quizzed but received equivalent coverage in all other classroom activities. On the unit exams and on an end-of-semester exam, students performed better for information that had been quizzed than that not quizzed. An unanticipated and key finding is that the format of the quiz (multiple-choice or short-answer) did not need to match the format of the criterial test (e.g., unit exam) for this benefit to emerge. Further, intermittent quizzing cannot be attributed to intermittent reexposure to the target facts: A restudy condition produced less enhancement of later test performance than did quizzing with feedback. Frequent classroom quizzing with feedback improves student learning and retention, and multiple-choice quizzing is as effective as short-answer quizzing for this purpose.

I suspect a student misread an exam question worth 10 points (exam out of 120). Aside from this one student, the rest all understood the question and the average grade was 8.2/10 for this question. One student did something entirely different and got 0.

The Department Chair recommends removing this one question from this one student's exam and the Associate (sub) Dean applying the "rest of the exam average" to this one question. This is two ways of saying the same thing really as the outcome is identical. Either way you do it applies this one student's average grade for all the other questions to this one question. The Chair and Dean (both whom I highly regard) have no more information than this board aside from the student's name. So if the student averaged 70% on the other questions this would be identical to giving them a 7 out of 10 on this question (this 7 is close to what would happen). Hmmmm. This has not come up in all the answers or comments below.

At my institution the default way to handle this is (3 Stick with the 0 for this question). Essentially, every student is required to handle the teaching language well enough to be able to work on the test. In practice, many teachers will fall back to (2 Give them some consolation points) if giving 0 points seems too harsh. If (1 Give them another stab at it with more language context) is an actual option, that seems like a senseful way, too (e.g., in a short verbal exam). However, in practice this is often not possible in my courses, either because it would be very impractical or because the course regulations do not allow it.

Both, (4 Grade the question they answered and not the question asked) and (5 Give him / her the lowest grade anyone else got for this question), seem like relatively weird ways to handle this situation. With (5), you are essentially decoupling the grades for the student from what (s)he has actually written on the test. (4) breaks a fundamental exam concept, i.e., that the instructor chooses the question that the student should be answering, and not vice versa.

I have been grading exams for a long time (since 1988 or so), and it is not uncommon for a student who doesn't recognize a term to guess its meaning, and get it more or less wrong. Map generalization means (as I just googled) decreasing the level of detail on a map so that it remains uncluttered when its scale is reduced. That is a technical term from cartography, and something that I had to look up. I assume that by "general purpose map" you just mean a map that isn't specifically designed for a certain purpose. I didn't have to google that, and if you have no idea what map generalization means, it is not an entirely unreasonable guess that it has something to do with general-purpose maps.

(This answer may sound a bit arrogant, but I do have many years' experience trying to figure out, from a few hard-to-read words scribbled on a paper, not just if the answer is right or wrong, but if the student has understood the subject or not. Also, the only reason I am posting here right now is to get away from the exams waiting to be graded.)

Having compassion and advocating for students is, of course, good. I have "saved" two students from disastrous exam performances by talking with them privately and recommending they speak with Health Services and Disability Services. But I only gave them make-ups after the appropriate office at the University told me that such a make-up was warranted.

Another is to treat an answer as a process, and give students credit for those parts of the answering process which they did correctly and take points off just for those steps where they made a mistake. That is, if they mess up an early step, they aren't penalized in subsequent steps which proceed correctly from incorrect results they've already been penalized for. 2351a5e196

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