Transform Public Mental Health Pittsburgh

Research, Legal Analysis & Commentaries

Empirical Research

Barnett, P., Matthews, H., Lloyd-Evans, B., Mackay, E., Pilling, S., & Johnson, S. (2018). Compulsory community treatment to reduce readmission to hospital and increase engagement with community care in people with mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry, 5(12), 1013-1022.

Burns, T., Rugkåsa, J., Molodynski, A., Dawson, J., Yeeles, K., Vazquez-Montes, M., ... & Priebe, S. (2013). Community treatment orders for patients with psychosis (OCTET): a randomised controlled trial. The lancet, 381(9878), 1627-1633.

Kisely, S., & Hall, K. (2014). An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled evidence for the effectiveness of community treatment orders. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 59(10), 561-564.

Rugkåsa, J. (2016). Effectiveness of community treatment orders: the international evidence. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 61(1), 15-24.

Legal Analysis

Campbell, K. M. (2002). Blurring the Lines of the Danger Zone: The Impact of Kendra's Law on the Rights of the Nonviolent Mentally Ill. Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics and Public Policy, 16(1).

Cossu, G., Kalcev, G., Sancassiani, F., Primavera, D., Gyppaz, D., Zreik, T., & Carta, M. G. (2024). The long‐term adherence following the end of community treatment order: A systematic review. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 150(2), 78-90.

Donelian, M. (2024). Kendra’s Law: The Troubling Reality of Involuntary Assisted Outpatient Psychiatric Treatment in New York. Cardozo Journal of Equal Rights and Social Justice.

Perlin, M. L. (2003). Therapeutic jurisprudence and outpatient commitment law: Kendra's Law as case study. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 9(1-2), 183-190.

Player, C. T. L. (2015). Outpatient commitment and procedural due process. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 38, 100-113.

Bioethics & Commentaries

Brophy, L., Edan, V., Kisely, S., Lawn, S., Light, E., Maylea, C., ... & Zirnsak, T. M. (2021). The urgent need to review the use of CTOs and compliance with the UNCRPD across Australian jurisdictions. International Journal of Mental Health and Capacity Law, (28), 3-9.

Heun, R., Dave, S., & Rowlands, P. (2016). Little evidence for community treatment orders–a battle fought with heavy weapons. BJPsych bulletin, 40(3), 115-118.

Martinho, S. M., Santa-Rosa, B., & Silvestre, M. (2022). Where the public health principles meet the individual: a framework for the ethics of compulsory outpatient treatment in psychiatry. BMC Medical Ethics, 23(1), 77.

Maylea, C., Zirnsak, T. M., Edan, V., Armitage, P., Robert, H., & Brophy, L. (2025). Ensuring compulsory treatment is used as a last resort: a narrative review of the knowledge about Community Treatment Orders. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 1-20.