Transforming Health Care

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development of healthcare :

Health System Models:

While globally each country has some variation in their health care systems, overall they tend to follow general patterns with four main models forming the basis for most health care systems globally;

The Beveridge Model: The Beveridge Model of Health Care, named for William Beveridge, the social reformer who designed Britain’s original National Health Service. Like other public services such as the police or education systems, this model of health care is both provided and financed by the government through tax payments. In this system, healthcare facilities can be owned by the Government,

Health as a human right, is a central tenant of this model, with universal health coverage and equal access to care guaranteed by the government. The primary criticism of this system is the tendency toward long waiting lists with everyone guaranteed access to health services, often leading to over-utilisation and the risk of increase.


The Bismarck Model:

The Bismark Model of Health Care also referred to as a "Social Health Insurance Model" was named for the 19th Century Prussian Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck, who developed a welfare state with compulsory insurance for all working individuals as part of the unification of Germany in 1883.

The National Health Insurance Model:

This system combines elements of both the Beveridge and Bismarck Models of Healthcare. Generally, funding comes from a government­ run insurance program that every citizen pays into, as we see in the Beveridge Model, but it predominantly uses private­ sector providers. This model provides universal insurance that doesn't make a profit or deny claims and as such with no requirement for marketing, no financial motive to deny claims and no profit, these universal insurance programs tend to be cheaper .

The Private Model:

Disparities in health care due to socioeconomic status and ethnicity are found in all countries. Currently, there are a limited number of countries globally that have established national health care systems, with the majority of countries providing ad hoc national medical care, which is provided on a private or pay for treatment basis. This typically means that those with access to money get access to health care, while those that do not have money do not have health care access.

Healthcare components :

A health system consists of all the organisations, institutions, resources and people whose primary purpose is to improve health. The key components of a well-functioning health system should include:

Leadership and Governance:

Leadership and governance involve assurance that strategic policy frameworks exist and are combined with effective oversight, coalition-building, regulation, attention to system design and accountability.

  • Laws, policies, plans and strategies that address rehabilitation.

  • Governance structures, regulatory mechanisms and accountability processes that address rehabilitation.

  • Planning, collaboration and coordination processes for rehabilitation.


Financing:

Raises adequate funds for health, in ways that ensure people can use needed services and are protected from financial catastrophe or impoverishment associated with having to pay for them. It provides incentives for providers and users to be efficient.

  • Health expenditure for rehabilitation.

  • Health financing and payment structures that include rehabilitation.


Health Workforce:

A health workforce works in ways that are responsive, fair and efficient to achieve the best health outcomes possible, given available resources and circumstances (i.e. there are sufficient staff, fairly distributed, they are competent, responsive and productive).

  • Health workforce that can deliver rehabilitation interventions - including rehabilitation medicine, rehabilitation-therapy personnel, and rehabilitation nursing.


Healthcare Products - Essential Medicine and Technology:

Equitable access to essential medical products, vaccines and technologies of assured quality, safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness, and their scientifically sound and cost-effective use.

  • Medicines and technology commonly used by people accessing rehabilitation, particularly assistive products.


Health Information Systems:

Ensure the production, analysis, dissemination and use of reliable and timely information on health determinants, health system performance and health status.

  • Data relevant to rehabilitation in the health information systems, such as population functioning data, rehabilitation availability and use data, and rehabilitation outcomes data.

  • Research relevant to rehabilitation policy and programmes.


Frequently Asked Questions :

1 .How is technology changing the future of healthcare ?

2.How technology is transforming the healthcare industry ?

3.what is primary healthcare ?

4.How technology is transforming the healthcare industry ?

5.what is secondary healthcare?

6.What are the 5 trends in healthcare ?