Top 10 rarest rocks on Earth

Komatiite is an ultramafic volcanic rock that is unique due to its exceptionally high magnesium content and its formation from extremely hot lava, with temperatures often exceeding 1600°C. These temperatures are much higher than those of modern volcanic eruptions, which typically range between 1000°C and 1300°C. Komatiites are primarily composed of minerals like olivine and pyroxene, and they often exhibit a distinctive "spinifex texture," characterized by elongated, needle-like olivine crystals formed due to rapid cooling of the lava. This texture is a key identifier of komatiites in the field. want to know more click on Komatiite button.

Boninite is a rare and geochemically distinctive type of high-magnesium, low-titanium volcanic rock that is closely related to komatiite but forms under different geological conditions. It is named after the Bonin Islands in Japan, where it was first identified. Boninite is primarily composed of magnesium-rich minerals such as olivine, pyroxene, and orthopyroxene, and it often exhibits a fine-grained or porphyritic texture. It is known for its high water content and depletion in elements like titanium, which differentiates it from typical basaltic magmas. Boninites form in subduction zones, particularly in forearc settings where one tectonic plate is being forced beneath another. want to know more click on Boninite button. 

Eclogite is a dense, high-pressure metamorphic rock that forms from basalt or gabbro under extreme pressure and temperature conditions deep within the Earth's crust and mantle. It is primarily composed of red to pink garnet (pyrope-almandine) and green omphacite (a type of pyroxene), giving it a striking appearance. Unlike other metamorphic rocks, eclogite lacks plagioclase feldspar, which becomes unstable at the high pressures where eclogite forms. These conditions typically occur at depths of 40–60 km or more, such as in subduction zones where oceanic crust is forced into the mantle. Want to know more click on Eclogite button.

Kimberlite is a rare, volatile-rich, ultramafic igneous rock best known for being the primary source of diamonds. It forms deep within the Earth's mantle, typically at depths of 150–450 km, where high pressure and temperature conditions allow diamonds to crystallize. Kimberlite magmas originate in these deep mantle regions and erupt rapidly and explosively through the Earth's crust, carrying diamonds and other mantle-derived minerals to the surface. These eruptions create carrot-shaped pipes, known as kimberlite pipes, which are the world's most significant sources of gem-quality diamonds. want to know more click on Kimberlite button.

Anorthosite is a coarse-grained igneous rock composed almost entirely of plagioclase feldspar, typically labradorite or bytownite, with only minor amounts of mafic minerals such as pyroxene or olivine. It is a unique rock type because of its high feldspar content and is primarily found in large plutonic bodies that formed deep within the Earth's crust. Anorthosites are commonly associated with both ancient Precambrian crustal formations and younger intrusive complexes. Anorthosite forms through magmatic differentiation, where feldspar-rich minerals crystallize and separate from mafic magma. The resulting rock is light in color, usually white to gray, but can have an iridescent blue or green sheen due to the presence of labradorite, a variety of plagioclase feldspar. want to know more click on Anorthosite button

Lujavrite is a rare, coarse- to fine-grained, alkaline igneous rock belonging to the family of nepheline syenites. It is characterized by its dark color, typically greenish-black or grayish-green, due to the presence of minerals like aegirine (a type of pyroxene) and arfvedsonite (an amphibole). Lujavrite also contains feldspathoid minerals such as nepheline or sodalite, as well as alkali feldspar, making it rich in sodium and potassium but poor in silica.Lujavrite forms in large alkaline intrusive complexes, often associated with continental rift zones and plutonic settings where magma has slowly cooled deep within the Earth's crust.  want to know more Lujavrite button.

Carbonatite is an unusual and rare igneous rock composed predominantly of carbonate minerals such as calcite (CaCO₃), dolomite (CaMg(CO₃)₂), or ankerite. Unlike most igneous rocks, which are rich in silicate minerals, carbonatites are silica-poor but enriched in elements such as calcium, magnesium, iron, and rare earth elements (REEs). These rocks form from mantle-derived magmas that are exceptionally enriched in carbon dioxide, making their origin a subject of significant geological interest. want to know more click on Carbonatite button.

Tachylite is a dark, glassy volcanic rock that forms when basaltic magma cools rapidly, preventing the formation of mineral crystals. It is a type of basaltic volcanic glass and is typically black or dark brown due to its high iron and magnesium content. Tachylite has a smooth, vitreous texture and is brittle, breaking easily into sharp fragments.Tachylite is produced in environments where lava cools very quickly, such as at the edges of lava flows, near volcanic vents, or when lava comes into contact with water or ice. Because of its rapid cooling, tachylite lacks a well-developed crystalline structure, giving it a glassy appearance similar to obsidian but with a basaltic composition. want to know more click on Tachylite button.

Orbicular granite is a rare and visually striking type of granitic rock characterized by its distinctive orb-like (spherical or ellipsoidal) mineral structures embedded within a coarse-grained matrix. These rounded structures, known as orbicules, are composed of alternating concentric layers of feldspar, quartz, biotite, and other minerals, giving the rock a unique, decorative appearance. The surrounding matrix is typically granitic in composition, similar to normal granite, consisting primarily of quartz, feldspar, and mica. want to know more click on Orbicular Granite button.