Lexicon

Etymology: onomatopoeia.

Particle: shows emphasis or emotion

aja

Etymology: Arabic حياة haya ‘life’.

Noun: life

Verb: to live, to be alive

Modifier: alive

ajuta

Etymology: Portuguese ajuda 'help, aid, assistance'.

Noun: help, support

Verb: to help, to support

akesi

Etymology: Dutch hagedis ‘lizard’.

Noun: reptile or amphibian

ala

Etymology: Georgian არა ara ‘no’.

Noun: nothing, negation

Verb: to negate

Modifier: no, not, none

Numeral: zero

Particle: negative answer

alasa

Etymology: Acadian French à la chasse ‘hunting’, ultimately from French chasser ‘to hunt’.

Pre-verb: to try to, to strive to

Verb: to hunt, to forage, to gather, to harvest

Modifier: hunting, foraging

alen

Etymology: Portuguese alem 'beyond'.

Preposition: more, beyond

ali

Etymology: Dutch alle ‘all’.

Noun: abundance, everything, universe

Verb: to complete

Modifier: all, abundant, countless, bountiful, every, plentiful, complete, whole

anpa

Etymology: Acadian French en bas ‘below’.

Noun: bottom, lower part

Verb: to bow down

Modifier: bowing down, downward, humble, lowly, dependent, below

ante

Etymology: Dutch ander ‘other, different’.

Noun: difference

Verb: to change, to alter, to modify

Modifier: different, altered, changed, other

anu

Etymology: Georgian ან an ‘or’.

Noun: decision, poll

Verb: to chose, to decide

Particle: or

apeja

Etymology: Finnish häpeä ‘shame, disgrace, dishonor’.

Noun: guilt, shame, disgrace

Verb: to accuse, to single out, to expose, to disgrace, to dishonor

Modifier: ashamed, disgraced, dishonored, guilty

awen

Etymology: Dutch houden ‘keep, care for, hold (in a particular state)’.

Noun: wait, safety

Pre-verb: to continue to

Verb: to stay, to wait, to remain, to keep

Modifier: enduring, kept, protected, safe, waiting, staying, remaining, stationary, permanent, sedentary

Etymology: A priori word.

Preposition: before the direct object

Etymology: Dutch en ‘and’.

Particle: between multiple subjects, between coordinate modifiers in a pi-phrase

enujo

Etymology: French ennuyeuse 'boring, annoying, tedious, dull'.

Noun: boredom, dullness

Verb: to bore

Modifier: boring, annoying, tedious, dull

epi

Etymology: English heavy.

Noun: weight

Verb: to weigh

Modifier: heavy, thick, fat, solid

esun

Etymology: Asante egŭaso, 'market, bazaar'.

Noun: market, shop, fair, bazaar, business transaction

Verb: to buy

Modifier: bought

ewin

Etymology: Gaelic ewin 'clove, fingernail, prong, claw'.

Noun: nail, hoof, claw, fingernail, prong, segment, talon, clove, horn

Verb: scratch

ijo

Etymology: Esperanto io ‘something’, utimately from Romance i- ‘(relative pronoun root)’.

Noun: thing, phenomenon, object, matter, something

Verb: to objectify

ike

Etymology: Finnish ilkeä ‘bad, mean, wicked’.

Noun: evil

Verb: to make bad, to worsen, to have a negative effect upon, to be bad

Modifier: bad, negative, evil, wrong

ilo

Etymology: Esperanto ilo ‘tool’, ultimately from German -el ‘(agent suffix)’ {cf Schlüssel ‘key’ ~ schließen ‘lock, shut’).

Noun: tool, implement, machine, device, engine

Etymology: English in.

Preposition: located at, present at

inkatan

Etymology: Malay ingatan 'memory'.

Noun: memory

Verb: to remember

insa

Etymology: Tok Pisin insait ‘inside, center, stomach’, ultimately from English inside.

Noun: internal organ, stomach, center, content, middle, inside

Modifier: central, between, middle

intawo

Etymology: Zulu indawo 'place, zone, area'.

Noun: place, space, point, zone, room, area, region

ita

Etymology: Arabic إذا 'iidha 'if'.

Preposition: inverse la (between the main sentence and the context phrase)

Particle: inverse la (between the main sentence and the context phrase)

jaki

Etymology: English yucky.

Noun: dirt, pollution, garbage, filth

Verb: to pollute, to make dirty

Modifier: disgusting, obscene, sickly, toxic, unclean, unsanitary

jan

Etymology: Cantonese 人 jan ‘person’.

Noun: human being, person, somebody

Modifier: human, somebody's, personal, of people

jasima

Etymology: Turkish yansıtmak ‘to reflect, reverberate’.

Noun: mirror, reflection

Verb: to reflect, to resound, to mirror, to be on the opposite/polar end of

Modifier: reflected, mirrored, opposite

jatila

Etymology: Marathi जटिल jaṭila 'complex, difficult'.

Noun: complexity, difficulty

Verb: to hinder, to obstruct

Modifier: complex, difficult

jelo

Etymology: English yellow.

Modifier: yellow, yellowish

Etymology: Mandarin 有 yǒu ‘have’.

Verb: to have, to carry, to contain, to hold

jun

Etymology: Turkish yün 'wool'.

Noun: hair, wool, fur, feather

juna

Etymology: Esperanto juna 'young'.

Modifier: young

jupa

Etymology: Mandarin chinese 右 yòu 'right'.

Noun: the right side

Modifier: right (directional)

kala

Etymology: Finnish kala ‘fish’.

Noun: fish, marine animal, sea creature

kalama

Etymology: Serbo-Croatian галама galama ‘fuss, noise’.

Noun: sound, noise, voice

Verb: to produce a sound, to recite, to utter aloud, to ring, to play (an instrument)

kali

Etymology: Swahili gari 'car, wagon'.

Noun: vehicle, car, wagon

kalite

Etymology: Haitian Creole kalite 'kind'.

Noun: kind, type, class, category, quality

kama

Etymology: Tok Pisin kamap ‘event, arrive, happen, become, bring about, summon’, ultimately from English come up.

Noun: future

Pre-verb: to manage to, to succeed in

Verb: to come, to arrive, to become, to bring about, to summon

Modifier: arriving, coming, future, summoned

kan

Etymology: Finnish kanssa ‘with’.

Preposition: with, among, in the company of, with the help of, with use of

kanti

Etymology: Esperanto kanti 'sing'.

Noun: song, music, poetry

Verb: to sing, to recite

Modifier: musical, poetic

kapesi

Etymology: Greek καφές kafés ‘coffee’.

Modifier: gray, brown

kasi

Etymology: Finnish kasvi ‘plant’.

Noun: plant, vegetation, herb, leaf, grass, tree, wood

Verb: to grow (in the ground)

Modifier: vegetable, vegetal

ken

Etymology: Tok Pisin ken, ultimately from English can.

Noun: possibility, ability, power to do things, permission

Pre-verb: to be able to, to be allowed to, can, may

Verb: to make possible, to enable, to allow, to permit

Modifier: possible, allowed

kenta

Etymology: Latin centum 'hundred'.

Numeral: one hundred

kepeken

Etymology: Dutch gebruiken ‘to use’.

Verb: to use

Modifier: used

Etymology: Māori ki 'to, towards, into'.

Preposition: to, toward, for, from the perspective of

kili

Etymology: Georgian ხილი xili ‘fruit’.

Noun: fruit, edible vegetable, mushroom

kilo

Etymology: International word 'kilo/kilogram'.

Noun: kilogram

kin

Etymology: Finnish -kin ‘too, also, still’.

Modifier: too, also, as well, indeed, even

Particle: confirmation

kipisi

Etymology: Inuktitut kipisi ‘cut’.

Noun: split, cut

Verb: to split, to cut, to sever

Modifier: sharp

kiwen

Etymology: Finnish kiven, genitive of kivi ‘stone’.

Noun: hard thing, stone, gravel, rock, pebble, mineral, lava, magma

Modifier: hard, solid, stone-like, made of stone or metal

Etymology: Cantonese 膏 gou ‘cream, paste’.

Noun: clay, clinging form, dough, semi-solid, paste

koli

Etymology: Corean 꼬리 kkoli 'tail'.

Noun: tail, queue, trail, brush, stem

koma

Etymology: Spanish goma 'rubber'.

Noun: plastic, rubber, tire, condom

Modifier: plastic, rubber

kon

Etymology: Mandarin 空氣 kōngqì ‘air, atmosphere, ambience, opinion’.

Noun: air, wind, breath, essence, spirit, hidden reality, unseen agent

Verb: to breathe

Modifier: air-like, gaseous, ethereal

kule

Etymology: Acadian French couleur ‘color’.

Noun: color, paint

Verb: to color, to paint

Modifier: colourful, pigmented, painted, of or relating to the LGBT+

kulupu

Etymology: Tongan kulupu, ultimately from English group.

Noun: community, group, company, nation, society, tribe, people

Verb: to group, to join, to cluster

Modifier: communal, shared, public, of the society

kute

Etymology: Acadian French écouter ‘listen’.

Noun: ear

Verb: to hear, to listen, to pay attention to, to obey

Modifier: auditory

Etymology: Acadian French -la, proximal & topical suffix.

Particle: between the context phrase and the main sentence

lajo

Etymology: Japanese ラジオ rajio 'radio'.

Noun: news, information, radio, television, newspaper

lakima

Etymology: Latin lacrimae 'tears'.

Noun: sadness, cry, tears

Verb: to cry

Modifier: sad

lamo

Etymology: Nepali लामो lāmō 'long'.

Modifier: long, tall, extended, prolonged

lanpan

Etymology: Greek λαμβάνω lamváno ‘take, seize, grasp, receive’.

Verb: to catch, to receive, to get, to take, to seize

lansan

Etymology: German langsam 'slow'.

Modifier: slow, slowly, gentle, gently

lape

Etymology: Dutch slapen ‘sleep’.

Noun: sleep, rest

Verb: to sleep, to rest

Modifier: sleeping, resting

laso

Etymology: Welsh glas ‘blue, inexperienced’, ultimately from Proto-Brythonic glas ‘green, blue’.

Modifier: blue

lawa

Etymology: Serbo-Croatian glava глава ‘head’.

Noun: head, mind, plan, rule

Verb: to control, to direct, to guide, to lead, to own, to plan, to regulate, to rule, to steer

Modifier: main, leading, in charge

Etymology: Mandarin chinese 了 le, perfective marker.

Preposition: perfective marker

leje

Etymology: Spanish leyes 'laws'.

Noun: laws, the Law

Modifier: lawful, legal

leko

Etymology: English Lego, ultimately from Danish Lego ‘leg godt’ ‘play well’.

Noun: square, block, cube, stairs

Verb: to climb

Modifier: blocky, rectangular

len

Etymology: Acadian French linge ‘clothing’.

Noun: cloth, clothing, fabric, textile, cover, layer of privacy

Modifier: textile

lentu

Etymology: Basque leundu 'smooth'.

Modifier: smooth, fluent, flowing

lete

Etymology: Acadian French frette ‘cold’, ultimately from Old French freit ‘cold’.

Noun: cold

Verb: to cool

Modifier: cold, cool, uncooked, raw

Etymology: Toki pona li.

Preposition: imperfective marker

liko

Etymology: English liquor.

Noun: alcohol, liquor

Modifier: alcoholic, drunk, intoxicated

lili

Etymology: Tok Pisin liklik ‘small, little’, ultimately from Ramoaaina liklik.

Verb: to reduce, to lessen

Modifier: few, a bit

linja

Etymology: Finnish linja ‘line’, ultimately from Old Swedish linia.

Noun: long and flexible thing, cord, hair, rope, thread, yarn, line, wire

lipu

Etymology: Finnish lippu ‘flag, banner, ticket’.

Noun: flat object, book, document, card, paper, ticket, record, website

liso

Etymology: Portuguese riso, ‘laugh’.

Noun: laugh, laughter, joke, joy

Verb: to laugh, to joke

Modifier: happy, joyful

lita

Etymology: English liter.

Noun: liter

loje

Etymology: Dutch rooie ‘red (inflected)’, rood ‘red’.

Modifier: red, reddish

lon

Etymology: Tok Pisin long ‘at, in, on, (spacial particle)’, ultimately from English along.

Verb: to be real/true, to exist, to be awake, to be there, to be present

Modifier: real, true, existing

Particle: affirmative response

luka

Etymology: Serbo-Croatian ruka рука ‘hand, arm’.

Noun: arm, hand, tactile organ, wing

Numeral: five

lukin

Etymology: Tok Pisin lukim ‘see, look at’, luk ‘look’ (from English look) + -im ‘(transitive suffix)' (from English him, ’em).

Noun: eye

Pre-verb: to seek, to look for

Verb: to look at, to see, to examine, to observe, to read, to watch

lupa

Etymology: Lojban clupa ‘loop’, ultimately from Mandarin 圈 quān, English loop, Hindi पाश pāś, Arabic أنشوطة‏ ʾanšūṭa.

Noun: door, hole, orifice, window, cave

Etymology: Finnish maa ‘earth, land’.

Noun: earth, land, outdoors, world, country, territory, soil, ground

majuna

Etymology: Esperanto maljuna ‘old’.

Modifier: old, ancient

mama

Etymology: Georgian მამა mama ‘father’.

Noun: parent, ancestor, creator, originator, caretaker, sustainer

mani

Etymology: English money.

Noun: money, cash, savings, wealth

Verb: to sell

meli

Etymology: Tok Pisin meri ‘woman, wife, feminine’, ultimately from Tolai mari ‘pretty’ & English Mary.

Noun: woman, female, feminine person, wife

Modifier: female

meta

Etymology: English meter.

Noun: meter

Etymology: Esperanto mi ‘I, me’, ultimately from Romance m- ‘(1st person singular oblique)’.

Noun: I, me, mine

Modifier: my

mije

Etymology: Finnish mies ‘man, husband’.

Noun: man, male, masculine person, husband

Modifier: male

mijon

Etymology: Spanish millón 'million'.

Numeral: one million

mila

Etymology: Basque mila 'thousand'.

Numeral: one thousand

mina

Etymology: mi + na.

Noun: we, us, ours

Modifier: our

minuto

Etymology: Spanish minuto 'minute'.

Noun: minute

moku

Etymology: Japanese モグモグ mogumogu ‘munching’.

Noun: food, drink

Verb: to eat, to drink, to consume, to swallow, to ingest

moli

Etymology: Acadian French mourir ‘die’.

Noun: death

Verb: to kill, to die, to be dead

Modifier: dead, dying, deadly, fatal

monsi

Etymology: Acadian French mon tchu ‘{vulgar} my ass’.

Noun: back, butt(ocks)

Modifier: back, behind, rear

monsuta

Etymology: Japanese モンスター monsutā ‘monster’, ultimately from English monster.

Noun: monster, fear

Verb: to fear, to frighten

Etymology: onomatopoeia.

Verb: to roar, to bellow, to howl, to moo

Particle: animal noise or communication, non-speech vocalization

mun

Etymology: English moon.

Noun: moon, satellite, astronomical object

Modifier: lunar, monthly

musi

Etymology: Esperanto amuzi ‘have fun’, ultimately from French amuser.

Noun: art, recreation, game, play (of a game)

Verb: to play

Modifier: artistic, entertaining, frivolous, playful, funny

mute

Etymology: Esperanto multe ‘a lot’, ultimately from Latin multus.

Noun: quantity

Modifier: many, a lot, much, several, very

Etymology: terminations of sina and ona in toki pona.

Modifier: some, several, certain, an indeterminate amount

Particle: plural marker

nalama

Etymology: Bengali নরম narama 'soft'.

Modifier: soft, flexible, malleable, tender, gentle, ripe

namako

Etymology: Persian نمک namak ‘salt’.

Noun: salt, embellishment, spice

nanpa

Etymology: Tok Pisin namba ‘number, (ordinal marker)’, ultimately from English number.

Noun: number

Verb: to number

Modifier: numeric

nasa

Etymology: Unknown origin.

Modifier: unusual, strange, foolish, crazy, silly, stupid, weird

nasin

Etymology: Serbo-Croatian način начин ‘way, method’.

Noun: way, custom, doctrine, method, path, road

nena

Etymology: Finnish nenä ‘nose’.

Noun: bump, button, hill, mountain, nose, protuberance, smell

Verb: to smell

nesi

Etymology: Igbo n'èzí 'outside, outdoors'.

Noun: outside, (outer) space

Modifier: outside

Etymology: Cantonese 呢 ni ‘this’.

Noun: this, here, now

Modifier: this

nimi

Etymology: Finnish nimi ‘name’.

Noun: name, word

Verb: to name

noka

Etymology: Serbo-Croatian noga нога ‘foot, leg’.

Noun: foot, leg, organ of locomotion

note

Etymology: Esperanto norde 'north'.

Noun: north

Modifier: north

Etymology: Georgian -ო -o ‘(vocative suffix)’ & English oh.

Preposition: vocative, imperative, or optative

oke

Etymology: English okay.

Particle: acknowledgment or acceptance

olente

Etymology: Esperanto oriente 'east'.

Noun: east

Modifier: east

olin

Etymology: Serbo-Croatian volim волим ‘I love’.

Noun: love, compassion, respect, affection

Verb: to love, to have compassion for, to respect, to show affection to

Modifier: loving, compassionate, respectful, affectionate

oliwa

Etymology: Spanish oliva 'olive'.

Noun: oil, fat, fuel, grease, olive

Etymology: ona without the termination a.

Noun: he, she, it, him, her

Modifier: his, her

ona

Etymology: Serbo-Croatian ona она ‘she’.

Noun: they, theirs, them

Modifier: their

onta

Etymology: Spanish onda 'wave'.

Noun: rhythm, beat, wave

Pre-verb: (repeating action)

Verb: blink

open

Etymology: English open.

Verb: to begin, to start, to open, to turn on

osa

Etymology: Finnish osa 'part, piece, component'.

Noun: part, piece, particle, element, component, subdivision, segment

ositen

Etymology: Esperanto okcidente 'west'.

Noun: west

Modifier: west

pajan

Etymology: Tagalog bayan 'town'.

Noun: city, town, village, municipality

Modifier: urban

pakala

Etymology: Tok Pisin bagarap ‘accident’, ultimately from English bugger up.

Noun: blunder, accident, mistake, destruction, damage, breaking

Verb: to break, to botch, to ruin, to hurt, to injure, to damage, to spoil, to fall apart, to curse

Modifier: botched, broken, damaged, harmed, messed up

Particle: curse

pake

Etymology: English block.

Noun: stop, halt

Verb: to stop, to block the way

Modifier: stopped

palanta

Etymology: Lithuanian valanda 'hour'.

Noun: hour, o'clock

pali

Etymology: Esperanto fari ‘do, make’, ultimately from Italian fare & French faire.

Noun: activity, work, deed, project

Verb: to do, to take action on, to work on, to build, to make, to prepare, to create, to act, to function

Modifier: active, work-related, operating, working

palisa

Etymology: Serbo-Croatian palica палица ‘bat, rod, cane’.

Noun: long hard thing, branch, rod, stick

Modifier: straight

pan

Etymology: Romance pan ‘bread’ & Japanese パン pan, ultimately from Portuguese pão.

Noun: cereal, grain, bread, pasta

pana

Etymology: Finnish panna ‘put, set, place’ or Swahili pana ‘give to each other’.

Noun: giving, transfer, gift

Pre-verb: to cause

Verb: to give, to send, to emit, to provide, to put, to release

pasila

Etymology: French facile ‘easy’.

Noun: simplicity

Verb: to simplify

Modifier: easy, simple

pata

Etymology: Russian брат brat 'brother'.

Noun: brother, sister, sibling

pesoni

Etymology: Esperanto bezoni 'need, require'.

Noun: need

Pre-verb: must, should, to need to

Verb: to need, to require

Modifier: necessary

peta

Etymology: Esperanto verda ‘green’.

Noun: nature

Verb: to remove dirt

Modifier: green, clean, not contaminated, decent, appropiate, natural, ecofriendly

Etymology: Tok Pisin bilong ‘of’, ultimately from English belong.

Particle: used to divide a second noun group that describes a first noun group

pilin

Etymology: Tok Pisin pilim ‘feel’, from pil (from English feel) + -im ‘(transitive suffix)’ (from English him, ’em).

Noun: heart (physical or emotional), feeling (an emotion, a direct experience)

Verb: to feel, to think (a thougt)

pimeja

Etymology: Finnish pimeä ‘dark’.

Noun: darkness, shadows

Verb: to darken

Modifier: black, dark, unlit

pini

Etymology: French fini ‘finished, completed’ & Tok Pisin pinis ‘(perfective aspect)’, ultimately from English finish.

Noun: past, end, tip

Verb: to finish, to close, to end, to turn off

Modifier: completed, ended, finished, past, ago

pipi

Etymology: Acadian French bibitte ‘bug’.

Noun: bug, insect, ant, spider

Etymology: English four.

Numeral: four

poka

Etymology: Serbo-Croatian boka бока, genitive of bok бок ‘side, flank’.

Noun: hip, side, vicinity

Modifier: next to, nearby, around

poki

Etymology: Tok Pisin bokis ‘box’, ultimately from English box.

Noun: container, bag, bowl, box, cup, cupboard, drawer, vessel

Verb: to contain, to lock

Modifier: contained, locked

pona

Etymology: Esperanto bona ‘good’.

Noun: good, positivity

Verb: to fix, to repair, to make good

Modifier: good, positive, useful, friendly, peaceful, fixed

powe

Etymology: French faux ‘false’.

Noun: trick

Verb: to pretend, to trick, to deceive

Modifier: pretend, false, unreal

Etymology: Toki pona pu, ultimately from English book.

Modifier: orthodox, conservative, conventional, official, canon

pume

Etymology: French fumer 'smoke'.

Noun: smoke, steam, tobacco

Verb: to smoke, to steam

sama

Etymology: Finnish sama ‘same’ (from PG *samaz ‘same, alike’) & Esperanto sama ‘same’ (from English same).

Noun: each other, peer, fellow, equality

Modifier: same, similar, equal, fellow

san

Etymology: Mandarin 三 sān 'three'.

Numeral: three

sanke

Etymology: Italian sangue 'blood'.

Noun: blood, bodily fluid, sap

Verb: to bleed

sano

Etymology: Nepali सानो sānō 'small, little, inferior'.

Verb: to shorten, to shrink

Modifier: little, small, short

Etymology: shona se 'as'.

Preposition: as, like

sekunte

Etymology: German Sekunde, 'second'.

Noun: second

seli

Etymology: Georgian ცხელი cxeli ‘hot’.

Noun: fire, heat, cooking element, chemical reaction, heat source, warmth

Verb: to heat, to warm up, to cook

Modifier: hot, warm, cooked

selo

Etymology: Esperanto ŝelo ‘skin, peel’, ultimately from German Schale ‘peel, husk, shell’.

Noun: outer form, outer layer, bark, peel, shell, skin, leather, boundary, touch

Verb: to touch

seme

Etymology: Mandarin 什麼 shénme ‘what, something’.

Particle: what? which?

sewi

Etymology: Georgian ზევით zevit ‘upwards’.

Noun: area above, highest part, top, something elevated, sky, heaven

Verb: to raise, to hoist

Modifier: high, up, above, top, over, superior, elevated, formal, awe-inspiring, divine, sacred, religious, supernatural

Etymology: sina without the termination na.

Noun: you (singular)

Modifier: your (singular)

sijelo

Etymology: Serbo-Croatian tijelo тијело ‘body’.

Noun: body (of person or animal), torso, physical state

sike

Etymology: English circle.

Noun: ball, circle, cycle, sphere, round or circular thing

Verb: to rotate

Modifier: round, circular, cyclical

sin

Etymology: Mandarin 新 xīn ‘new, fresh’.

Verb: to renew, to renovate, to freshen

Modifier: new, fresh, additional, another, extra, more

sina

Etymology: Finnish sinä ‘you’.

Noun: you (plural)

Modifier: your (plural)

sinko

Etymology: Bulgarian синко sinko 'son'.

Noun: son, daughter

sinpin

Etymology: Cantonese 前邊 tsin bin ‘in front’.

Noun: face, front, wall

Modifier: foremost, front

sitelen

Etymology: Dutch schilderen ‘paint’.

Noun: image, picture, representation, symbol, mark, writing

Verb: to write, to draw

Modifier: written, drawn

siten

Etymology: Dutch zitten 'to sit'.

Noun: sit, chair, seat

Verb: to sit

soko

Etymology: Georgian სოკო sok’o ‘mushroom”.

Noun: fungus, fungi

sona

Etymology: Georgian ცოდნა codna ‘knowledge’.

Noun: knowledge, wisdom, intelligence, understanding, science

Pre-verb: to know how to

Verb: to know, to be skilled in, to be wise about, to have information on, to understand

soto

Etymology: Swahili shoto ‘left side’.

Noun: the left side

Modifier: left (directional)

soweli

Etymology: Georgian ცხოველი cxoveli ‘beastly animal, lively, passionate’.

Noun: animal, beast, land mammal

suli

Etymology: Finnish suuri ‘big, large, great’.

Modifier: big, heavy, large

suno

Etymology: Esperanto suno ‘sun’.

Noun: sun, light, brightness, glow, radiance, shine, light source

Verb: to light, to glow, to shine

Modifier: light, bright

supa

Etymology: Esperanto surfaco ‘surface’, ultimately from French & English surface.

Noun: horizontal surface, thing to put or rest something on, floor

Verb: to lie (down)

supi

Etymology: Ukrainian зуби zuby 'teeth'.

Noun: tooth, bite

Verb: to bite

sute

Etymology: Esperanto sude 'south'.

Noun: south

Modifier: south

suwi

Etymology: Tok Pisin suwi, ultimately from English sweet.

Noun: candy, sweet food

Verb: to sweeten

Modifier: sweet, fragrant, cute, innocent, adorable

talika

Etymology: Bengali তালিকা talika 'list, chart, table'.

Noun: list, series

talili

Etymology: Tagalog daliri 'finger, toe, mentioning things one by one'.

Noun: finger, toe, count

Verb: to count

tan

Etymology: Cantonese 從 tsung ‘from’.

Preposition: by, from, because of, since

tana

Etymology: Swahili dhana 'concept'.

Noun: concept, believe, thought, metaphor

tanse

Etymology: French danse 'dance'.

Noun: dance, jump

Verb: to dance, to jump

taso

Etymology: Tok Pisin tasol ‘just, only, but, however’, ultimately from English that’s all.

Modifier: only, sole

Particle: but, however

tawa

Etymology: English towards.

Noun: movement

Pre-verb: to be going to

Verb: to move, to walk, to travel, to leave, to displace

Modifier: moving, mobile

Etymology: Mandarin chinese 的 de, relative clause marker.

Particle: relative clause marker

telo

Etymology: Acadian French de l’eau ‘(some) water’.

Noun: water, liquid, juice, sauce, fluid, wet substance, beverages

Verb: to water, to wash

ten

Etymology: English ten.

Numeral: ten

tenpo

Etymology: Esperanto tempo ‘time’, ultimately from Latin tempus.

Noun: time, duration, moment, occasion, period, situation

tima

Etymology: Thai ที่มา thī̀mā 'source, origin, provenance'.

Noun: origin, cause, source, root, spring

titi

Etymology: swahili titi 'teat'.

Noun: chest, breast, teat, nipple

tiwata

Etymology: Samoan tioata 'glass'.

Noun: glass, cup, china

Modifier: transparent

toki

Etymology: Tok Pisin tok, ultimately from English talk.

Noun: language, talking, speech, communication

Verb: to communicate, to say, to speak, to talk, to chat, to use language

Modifier: verbal

tolu

Etymology: Estonian toru 'pipe'.

Noun: pipe, tube

tomo

Etymology: Esperanto domo ‘house’, ultimately from Polish dom, Latin domus, Ancient Greek δόμος.

Noun: building, home, house

Verb: to tame, to domesticate

Modifier: domestic, household

tonsi

Etymology: Mandarin 同志 tóngzhì ‘comrade (same will/purpose); LGBT+’.

Modifier: trans, gender-non-conforming, non-binary

Etymology: English two & Esperanto du.

Noun: duo, pair

Verb: to double

Numeral: two

tuntin

Etymology: Arabic تمطر tumtir 'rain'.

Noun: rain, hail, shower

Verb: to rain, to hail

ulokan

Etymology: Tamil உலோகம் ulōkam 'metal'.

Noun: metal, hardness

Modifier: hard, metallic

ulun

Etymology: Basque urrun 'far, distant, apart'.

Noun: that

Modifier: that, far, distant, apart, there, at that time

umami

Etymology: Japanese うま味 umami 'umami'.

Noun: meat, muscle

Modifier: umami (flavor)

umi

Etymology: Japanese 海 umi 'ocean'.

Noun: ocean, sea, lake

Modifier: oceanic, maritime

umojo

Etymology: Chichewa umoyo 'health'.

Noun: health, medicine

Modifier: healthy, medicinal, medical

unpa

Etymology: onomatopoeia.

Noun: sex, sexuality

Verb: to have sexual relations

Modifier: erotic, sexual

uta

Etymology: Serbo-Croatian уста usta ‘mouth’.

Noun: mouth, lips, oral cavity, jaw

Verb: to kiss

Modifier: oral

utala

Etymology: Serbo-Croatian ударати udarati ‘strike, hit, hurt’.

Noun: battle, challenge, conflict, disharmony, competition, fight, war, attack, blow, argument, physical or verbal violence

Verb: to battle, to challenge, to compete against, to struggle against, to fight, to hit, to strike, to attack

Modifier: violent, bellicose

Etymology: Hawaiian hua 'egg, seed'.

Noun: egg, seed, pregnacy, semen

waleja

Etymology: Quenya valdea ‘of moment, important’.

Noun: context, topic, salience

Verb: to pertain to, to be relevant to

Modifier: pertinent, topical

walo

Etymology: Finnish valko- ‘white’.

Modifier: white, whitish, light-coloured, pale

wan

Etymology: English one.

Verb: to make one, to unite

Modifier: unique, united

Numeral: one

waso

Etymology: French oiseau ‘bird’.

Noun: bird, flying creature, winged animal

Verb: to fly

wawa

Etymology: Finnish vahva ‘strong, powerful, thick’.

Noun: energy, strength, power

Verb: to strengthen, to energize, to empower

Modifier: strong, powerful, confident, sure, energetic, intense, fierce

wawasa

Etymology: Chichewa (wo)wawasa 'sour'.

Noun: acid, vinegar

Modifier: sour

weka

Etymology: Dutch weg ‘away, gone’.

Noun: absence

Verb: to throw away, to remove, to get rid of

Modifier: absent, away, ignored, missing

wetu

Etymology: Māori whetū ‘star’.

Noun: star, celestial body

wiki

Etymology: Hawaiian wikiwiki 'fast'.

Modifier: fast, quick, quickly

wile

Etymology: Dutch willen ‘want, desire'.

Noun: desire, will

Pre-verb: to want to, to wish to, to desire to

Verb: to want, to wish, to desire

woka

Etymology: Malagasy vovoka 'dust'.

Noun: powder, dust, sand

Some of the definitions adapted from Moniz, C.R. (2019). Nimi ale pona. Retrieved from Google Docs [2020-06-18].