Understanding human preferences and predicting human behavior in complex and interactive environments has been a longstanding focus across econometrics, social science, and machine learning, with successful applications in various domains such as resource planning and infrastructure development. Nowadays, the modeling problem becomes more and more complex given the availability of massive amounts of data collected from various channels (mobile phones, online platforms, social networks, etc.), especially when humans now can have access to various sources of information and even interact with AI agents when making decisions. My long-term aim is to address the following questions: (i) How can we efficiently model and predict human behavior in complex, dynamic, and interactive environments? (ii) How can we make the modeling and prediction process adaptive and robust to handle different circumstances of data availability and human behavior constraints? And (iii) how can we make the behavioral models useful for downstream decision-making tasks? These questions pose several new challenges that necessity new methodologies, and my strategies are to address these challenges through methods rooted in Econometrics, Operations Research, and Machine Learning, focusing on applications in transportation behavioral modeling, location planning, revenue management, and game theory.
Theory
Discrete choice theory
Robust/Stochastic optimization
Dynamic programming
Reinforcement/Inverse Reinforcement Learning/Imitation learning
Simulation-based optimization
Applications
Behavior modeling
Transportation planning
Revenue/workforce management
AI/Sercurity Games
Tran H.*, Mai T., Network-based Representations and Dynamic Discrete Choice Models for Multiple Discrete Choice Analysis. Transportation Research Part B (2024) [Discrete Choice] [Route Choice] [pdf]
Le C.*, Mai T., Constrained Assortment Optimization under the Cross-Nested Logit Model. Production and Operations Management (2024)[Discrete Choice] [Revenue Mangement] [pdf] [link]
Mai T., Bui T.V.*, Nguyen Q.P., Le T.V., Estimation of Recursive Route Choice Models with Incomplete Trip Observations. Transportation Research Part B (2023) [Discrete Choice] [Route Choice] [pdf]
Hoang H*., Mai T., Varakantham P. Imitate the Good and Avoid the Bad: An Incremental Approach to Safe Reinforcement Learning, in Proceedings of the 38th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI2024 - Acceptance rate: 23.75%) . [Imitation Learning][IRL/RL][pdf]
Bui T.V.*, Mai T., Thanh H. Nguyen, Imitating Opponent to Win: Adversarial Policy Imitation Learning in Two-player Competitive Games, in Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS2023 - Full paper - Acceptance rate: 23.3%), [IRL/RL] [Imitation Learning][Competitive Games] [pdf]
Mai T., Sinha A., Choices Are Not Independent: Stackelberg Security Games with Nested Quantal Response Models, in Proceedings of the 36th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI2022) (Acceptance rate: 1349/9020 = 15%). [Discrete Choice] [Nested logit] [Security Game] [pdf]
[J-2025] Pham H.G*, Mai T. Constrained Assortment Optimization under the Mixed-Logit Model: Approximation Schemes and Outer Approximation Approaches, European Journal of Operational Research (2025). [Discrete Choice] [Revenue Mangement] [pdf]
[J-2025] Shao Q.*, Mai T., and Cheng Shih-Fen. Constrained Pricing in Logit-based Revenue Management (INFORMS Journal on Computing). [Discrete Choice] [Revenue Mangement] [pdf]
[C-2025] Hoang H*., Mai T., Varakantham P. No Experts, No Problem: Avoidance Learning from Bad Demonstrations (NeurIPS 2025). [Imitation Learning][IRL/RL][pdf]
[C-2025] Pham Q.A.*, Brahmanage J.C.*, Mai T., Kumar A., IOSTOM: Offline Imitation Learning from Observations via State Transition Occupancy Matching (NeurIPS 2025). [Imitation Learning][IRL/RL]
[C-2025] Bui T.V.*, Mai T., Thanh H. Nguyen, MisoDICE: Multi-Agent Imitation from Mixed-Quality Demonstrations (NeurIPS 2025). [IRL/RL] [Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning][Competitive Games][pdf]
[J-2025] Pham H.G*, Ta T.A., Mai T., An Exponential Cone Integer Programming Approach for 0-1 Fractional Optimization ( Journal of Combinatorial Optimization) [Discrete Choice] [Revenue Mangement].
[C-2025] Bui T.V.*, Mai T., Thanh H. Nguyen, O-MAPL: Offline Multi-agent Preference Learning (ICML 2025) [IRL/RL] [Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning][Competitive Games][pdf]
[C-2025] Bui T.V.*, Thanh H. Nguyen, Mai T., ComaDICE: Offline Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning with Stationary Distribution Shift Regularization (ICLR 2025) [IRL/RL] [Imitation Learning][Competitive Games][pdf]
[J-2024] Le C.*, Mai T., Constrained Assortment Optimization under the Cross-Nested Logit Model. Production and Operations Management (2024)[Discrete Choice] [Revenue Mangement] [pdf] [link]
[J-2024] Tran H.*, Mai T., Network-based Representations and Dynamic Discrete Choice Models for Multiple Discrete Choice Analysis. Transportation Research Part B (2024) [Discrete Choice] [Route Choice] [pdf]
[C-2024] Bui T.V.*, Mai T., Thanh H. Nguyen, Mimicking To Dominate: Imitation Learning Strategies for Success in Multiagent Competitive Games. In Proceedings of the 38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2024). [IRL/RL] [Imitation Learning][Competitive Games] [pdf]
[C-2024] Hoang H*., Mai T., Varakantham P. SPRINQL: Sub-optimal Demonstrations driven Offline Imitation Learning. In Proceedings of the 38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2024). [Imitation Learning][IRL/RL][pdf]
[C-2024] Bui T.V.*, Mai T., Thanh H. Nguyen, Inverse Factorized Q-Learning for Cooperative Multi-agent Imitation Learning. In Proceedings of the 38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2024) [IRL/RL] [Imitation Learning][Multiagent Games] [pdf]
[C-2024] Mai T., Bose A., Sinha A., Thanh H. Nguyen, Stackelberg Network Interdiction under Boundedly Rational Adversary. In Proceeding of the 33rd International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI2024). [Dynamic Discrete Choice] [Behavioral game theory][pdf]
[C-2024] Jiang H.*, Mai T., Varakantham P., Hoang H*, Solving Constrained Reinforcement Learning through Augmented State and Reward Penalties, in Proceedings of the 38th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI2024 - Acceptance rate: 23.75%) [IRL/RL][pdf]
[C-2024] Hoang H*., Mai T., Varakantham P. Imitate the Good and Avoid the Bad: An Incremental Approach to Safe Reinforcement Learning, in Proceedings of the 38th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI2024 - Acceptance rate: 23.75%) . [Imitation Learning][IRL/RL][pdf]
[J-2023] Ngan H.*, Dam T.T.*, Ta T.A., Mai T. Joint Location and Cost Planning in Maximum Capture Problems under Random Utility Models. Computer and Operations Research (2023). [Discrete Choice] [Facility Location] [pdf]
[J-2023] Dam T.T*., Ta. T.A, Mai T. Robust Maximum Capture Facility Location under Random Utility Models. European Journal of Operational Research (2023). [Discrete Choice] [Facility Location] [pdf]
[C-2023] Bui T.V.*, Mai T., Imitation Improvement Learning for Large-scale Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problems, in Proceedings of the 33rd International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling (ICAPS 2023) [Imitation Learning]
[C-2023] Bui T.V.*, Mai T., Thanh H. Nguyen, Imitating Opponent to Win: Adversarial Policy Imitation Learn- ing in Two-player Competitive Games, in Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS 2023).
[C-2023] Bose A.*, Li T., Sinha A., Mai T., A Fair Incentive Scheme for Community Health Workers, in Proceedings of the 37th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 2023).
[C-2023] Mai T., Sinha A., Safe Delivery of Critical Services in Areas with Volatile Security Situation via a Stackelberg Game Approach, in Proceedings of the 37th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 2023).
[J-2023] Mai T., Bui T.V.*, Nguyen Q.P., Le T.V., Estimation of Recursive Route Choice Models with Incomplete Trip Observations. Transportation Research Part B (2023) [Discrete Choice] [Route Choice] [pdf]
[B-2023] Mai T., Lodi A., An algorithm for assortment optimization under parametric discrete choice models. Fields Institute Communications Series on Data Science and Optimization (2023). [Discrete Choice] [Revenue Mangement] [pdf]
[J-2022] Mai T., Frejinger E. Undiscounted Recursive Path Choice Models: Convergence Properties and Algorithms. Transportation Science (2022). [Discrete Choice] [Route Choice] [link] [pdf]
[J-2022] Dam T.T.*, Ta T.A., Mai T., Joint Chance-constrained Simulation-based Staffing Optimization in Multi-skill Call Centers, Journal of Combinatorial Optimization (2022). [Discrete Optimization] [Stochastic Simulation]
[C-2022] Bose A.*, Sinha A., Mai T., Scalable Distributional Robustness in a Class of Non-Convex Optimization with Guarantees, in Proceedings of the 36th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2022) (Acceptance rate: 25.6%)[Discrete Choice] [Robust Optimization] [pdf]
[C-2022] Ta T.A., Mai T., Bastin F., l'Ecuyer P. A logistic regression and linear programming approach for multi-skill staffing optimization in call centers, in Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference 2022, Singapore (WSC2022) Singapore [Discrete Optimization] [Simulation] [pdf]
[C-2022] Mai T., Sinha A., Choices Are Not Independent: Stackelberg Security Games with Nested Quantal Response Models, in Proceedings of the 36th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI2022) (Acceptance rate: 1349/9020 = 15%). [Discrete Choice] [Nested logit] [Security Game] [pdf]
[J-2021] Dam T.T.*, Ta T.A., Mai T., Submodularity and Local Search Approaches for Maximum Capture Problems under Generalized Extreme Value Models. European Journal of Operational Research (2021). [Discrete Choice] [Facility Location] [pdf]
[J-2021] Mai T., Yu X., Gao S., Frejinger E., Route choice in a stochastic time-dependent network: the recursive model and solution algorithm. Transportation Research Part B, Volume 151, (2021). [Discrete Choice] [Route Choice] [pdf]
[J-2020] Ta T.A., Mai T., Bastin F., l'Ecuyer P., On a multistage discrete stochastic optimization problem with stochastic constraints and nested sampling, Mathematical Programming (2020). [Stochastic Programming] [Stochastic Simulation] [pdf]
[J-2020] de Moraes Ramos G., Mai T., Daamen W., Frejinger E., Hoogendoorn S. P. Route choice behaviour and travel information in a congested network: Static and dynamic recursive models. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies (2020) 114, 681-693. [Discrete Choice] [Route Choice] [pdf]
[J-2020] Mai T., Lodi A. A multicut outer-approximation approach for competitive facility location under random utilities. European Journal of Operational Research 284.3 (2020): 874-881. [Discrete Choice] [Facility Location] [pdf]
[J-2028] Bastin F., Liu Y., Cirillo C., Mai T., Transferring Time-Series Discrete Choice to Link-based Route Choice in Space: Estimating Vehicle Type Preference Using Recursive Logit Model , Transportation Research Record (2018). [Discrete Choice]
[J-2017] Mai T., Frejinger E., Fosgerau M., Bastin F., A dynamic programming approach for quickly estimating large network-based MEV models, Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 98 (2017): 179-197. [Discrete Choice] [pdf]
[J-2017] Zimmermann M., Mai T., Frejinger E. Bike route choice modeling using GPS data without choice sets of paths, Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 75 (2017): 183-196. [Discrete Choice] [Route Choice]
[J-2017] Mai T. , Frejinger, E., Bastin, F. On the similarities between random regret minimization and mother logit: the case of recursive route choice models, Journal of Choice Modeling (2017). [Discrete Choice] [Route Choice]
[J-2017] Mai T., A method of integrating correlation structures for a generalized recursive route choice model, Transportation Research Part B, 93(1):p.146-161, 2016. [Discrete Choice] [Route Choice] [pdf]
[J-2015] Mai T., Fosgereau M., Frejinger E., A nested recursive logit for route choice analysis, Transportation Research Part B, 71(1):p.100-112, (2015). [Discrete Choice] [Route Choice] [pdf]
[J-2015] Mai T., Frejinger, E., Bastin, F., A misspecification test for logit-based route choice models, Economics of Transportation, 4(4):p.215-226, (2015). [Discrete Choice] [Route Choice]
[J-2015] Mai T., Bastin F., Frejinger E., A decomposition method for estimating complex recursive logit-based route choice models, EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics (2015): 1-23. [Discrete Choice] [Route Choice] [pdf]
[C-2020] Barabonkovy D.*, D'Alonzoy S.*, Pierre J.*, Kondor D., Zhang X., Mai T. (2020). Simulating and evaluating rebalancing strategies for dockless Bike-Sharing Systems, in Proceedings of the Transportation Research Board (TRB) 99th Annual Meeting, January 12--16.
[J]: Journal publications, [C]: Conference proceedings, [B]: Book chapters
Tran H.*, Mai T., Equilibrium-Constrained Estimation of Recursive Logit Choice Models . [Discrete Choice] [Route Choice][pdf]
Bui T.V.*, Mai T., Thanh H. Nguyen. From Scarcity to Efficiency: Preference-Guided Learning for Sparse-Reward Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning [Multi-agent RL] .[pdf]
Pham H.G*, Mai T. , Ha M.H, On the Estimation of Multinomial Logit and Nested Logit Models: A Conic Optimization Approach (submitted). [Discrete Choice] [pdf]
Tran H.*, Mai T. , Ha M.H, Constrained Recursive Logit for Route Choice Analysis (submitted). [Discrete Choice] [Route Choice][pdf]
Hoang H*., Mai T., Varakantham, Verma T., Learning What to Do and What Not To Do: Offline Imitation from Expert and Undesirable Demonstrations [Imitation Learning][IRL/RL]
Le C.*, Mai T., Duong N.H.*, Ha M.H., Competitive Facility Location with Market Expansion and Customer-centric Objective (under review) [Discrete Choice] [Facility Location] [pdf]
Le B.L.*, Mai T., Ta T.A, Ha M.H., Vu D.M, Competitive Facility Location under Cross-Nested Logit Customer Choice Model: Hardness and Exact Approaches (submitted) [Discrete Choice] [Facility Location] [pdf]
Pham H.G*, Dam T.T*, Duong N.H.*, Mai T., Ha M.H., Competitive Facility Location under Random Utilities and Routing Constraints (submitted). [Discrete Choice] [Facility Location] [pdf]
Bui T.V.*, Mai T., Thanh H. Nguyen, Unleashing Imitation Learning Potential in Two-Player Competitive Games (submitted). [IRL/RL] [Imitation Learning][Competitive Games] (Extended journal version of our AAMAS23 paper).
Pham H.G*, Duong N.H.*, Mai T., Ta T.A., Ha M.H. Joint Binary-Continuous Fractional Programming: Solution Methods and Applications (submitted) [Discrete Choice] [Combinatorial optimization] [pdf]
Bui T.V.*, Mai T., Jaillet P., Weighted Maximum Entropy Inverse Reinforcement Learning. [Behavior Learning] [IRL] [pdf]
Mai T., Jaillet P., Robust pricing under generalized extreme value models. [Discrete Choice] [Revenue Mangement] [pdf]
Mai T., Jaillet P., On the relation between Markov Decision Process frameworks. [IRL/RL] [pdf]
Mai T., Jaillet P., Robust entropy-regularized Markov Decision Processes. [IRL/RL] [pdf]
Mai T., Nguyen Q. P., Low K. H., Jaillet P., Inverse reinforcement learning with missing data. [IRL/RL] [Route Choice] [pdf]
(*) indicate student or research engineer under my supervision.
Mai T. (2016). Dynamic programming approaches for estimating and applying large-scale discrete choice models, Ph.D. thesis, University of Montreal.
Mai T. (2013). Revisiting optimization algorithms for maximum likelihood estimation, Master thesis, University of Montreal.