continued from HERE

*TSHA*

•TSHA [1] salt. Also, and probably more correctly spelled tshwa. On the myth of origins of salt, see Haarh, Yar-luṅ 332. See also Ahmad, Fifth 15. The five types of salt are discussed in Hartzell, Dissert. 712 n. 199. [2] A syllable in a list of creatures. Bellezza, D&B 122.

•rgya TSHA = chu'i snying po, mtshon cha rnon po, rgya nag sman ring. JD 64. a tree. SS 430.2. KP1 54.1. sal-ammoniac. LW 448. TM I 51, IV 63. borax. Dhongthog. ammonium chloride (also identified as sal ammoniacum). Simioli, AG 63.

•TSHA KAM KAM tsha tsha ba. Gces 585.3. Btsan-lha.

•TSHA KHA target (in archery), evidently targets meant to severely test ones skills.

•TSHA KHANG tsha tsha house. IN Pabongka, Liberation I 74.

•TSHA GI TSHI GI [deriv. from tshig, to burn] = tshag tshig. hastily. Soundings 26.

•TSHA GRA rtsam pa'am kha zas. Btsan-lha.

•TSHA GRANGS 'THAB PA Mkhyen-rab/11 no. 16: conflict ('thab pa) between 'hot disorders' (tsha nad) and 'cold disorders' (grang nad). 'Hot' and 'cold' are the most general classification for diseases. 'Hot' refers to diseases which are accompanied by an increase in temperature, while 'cold' is applied to diseases not accompanied by an increase in temperature.

•TSHWA SGO ba tshwa. Btsan-lha. tsha sgo'i thang 'dra bod yul 'dir. 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001) IV 191.5.

•TSHA SGO CAN OT = ba tsha can. Blaṅ 295.1. lo tog mi skye ba'i zhing ngan. Btsan-lha.

•TSHA NGAR tsha ngar te gtong ba ni kha tshab ngar ngar por song ba. Dpe-chos 516.

•TSHA CHU Mkhyen-rab/11 item 17. Kong-sprul/1 38: One of the two categories of dmu chu (q.v.). Symptoms: The pulse, while weak, is at a deeper level tight and hard. The urine forms a yellowish color on the surface which, as the disease develops, becomes reddish orange and bubbling.

•TSHWA CHU SMAN CHU (abbr.: tshwa sman), saline & mineral water. Sources.

•TSHA 'JUN drag pos gcun pa. Btsan-lha.

•TSHA THON after the mealtime. Stearns, SR 59.

•TSHA GDUNG CAN 1. dpyid ka. 2. me. Blaṅ 530.

•TSHA 'DE (Amdo) hot. T&BS I 332.

•TSHA 'DRI MGO SPROD BYED Goldstein, History 616.

•TSHA NA See under mon sran tsha na.

•TSHA NAN [1] btung ba bye brag pa zhig. Btsan-lha. [2] strict, stern, harsh. Discussion by B. Wood in J. of Global Buddhism 16 (2015) 163.

•TSHA PAR See under skor phor.

•TSHA DPAL See tsi tra ka.

•TSHA PHOG midday meal stop (on a journey).

•TSHA BA dogs tsha ba ni dogs pa che ba zhes pa'i yul skad. 367 II 132.1. lto chas sam zas. Btsan-lha. = dro. Lcang-skya. See tsi tra ka.

•TSHA BA'I NAD SRZT 43 ff.

•TSHA BA TSHA SHOD See Decleer in Lungta, vol. 13 (Summer 2000), p. 53.

•[SMAN] TSHA BA GSUM pho ba ris / pi pi ling / sman lga gsum mo. 600 13-14. YTTM 290.11 (also, tsha ba lnga).

•TSHA BA GSUM GYI PHYE MA a medicinal preparation. BP 232.4.

•TSHA BABS the onset of fever. Text 43.

•TSHA BO See under tsha'u.

•TSHA BYUG nye du dang tsha byug bskyangs pa la mgu' ba myi 'ong par 'dug ste zhen pa myi thongs. Zhi-byed Coll. II 319.1. It seems from an occurrence in the translation of the Jātakamālā that this might be a word for 'children,' and this does fit the context here very nicely. The literal meaning would seem to be 'salt smearing' (?).

•TSHA SBOS feverish distension. Text 30.

•TSHA SMAN GLANG THABS a medicinal preparation. TMC 49 (107).

•TSHA TSAG tsha gzer. Btsan-lha.

•TSHA TSHA [1] OT deriv. from Skt. sa-tstsha. Blaṅ 308.5. In all probability the Tibetan formed in some way or another from Skt. sañcaka, which means a stamp or mold. [2] In a list of carnivorous animals. Samdo A V 52v.3. LW 453. [3] spark (of a fire, of an anvil). [4] For the tree, shing tsha tsha, see shal ma li.

•TSHA ZING NGE frightened, intimidated. C&LT 173.

•TSHA GZER Text 83.

•TSHA RA [1] From Mong., caragh — preventive measures intended to forestall a crime or rebellion (a preemptive strike?). Petech in TS5. [2] bza' 'bru'am lto chas. Btsan-lha.

•TSHA LA JD 66. SS 431.5. = dar tshur, zangs rtsi, shel 'ju, 'ju rtsi. YTTM 291.21, 292.26. borax. Combe, A Tibetan on Tibet 115. TM IVV 61. Schmeid 126. borax. Jamspal, Treasury 9. Simioli, AG 63. borax. Arch. of TB 42. Discussion in ATPP 68. Said to be borax as it naturally occurs. =dar tshur, zangs rtsi, rma sbyor, shel rtsi, rgyug byed, 'ju byed, bzhu rtsi. Rin 154.

•TSHA LA'I DWANGS MA refined borax. Rin 155.

•TSHA LA'I 'PHRUL BSHAL a medicinal preparation. BP 149.6.

•TSHA LU red. pieces.

•TSHA LU MA tangerine. CTEV 28.

•TSHA LUM SKYUR MO sour orange. CTEV 29.

•TSHA LE borax. Dhongthog.

•TSHA LOB also, tsa lob. non-honorific form of dbon lob, q.v.

•TSHA RLABS = tsha stobs. BBNP 475. Btsan-lha.

•TSHA SUB hot choking. Text 83.

•TSHA SEL DRAG PO BCU GSUM a medicinal preparation. BP 344.3.

•TSHWA SREG SBYOR BA a medicinal preparation. BP 149.4. BP 158.2.

•TSHAG [1] a type of eye disease. mig nad bye brag pa'i ming ste. Dag-yig. Text 27, 28. [2] bas-relief carving or metalwork. Embossing (some dictionaries suggest it means designs or inscriptions done in metal using a chisel). [3] yak (or specifically those that are to be slaughtered for their meat). Deriv. from Skt. chāga. This acc. to Bhattacharya, LW 355, no. 51.

•TSHAG TSHIG (Khams) = chud zos. wasted. MTTP. freckles? 4 86r.5.

•TSHAG ZHU apparently a type of monastic hat (?). HS V 465.7.

•TSHAG RIS Ryotai Kaneko, "List of Tshag-ris in the Possession of the Toyo Bunko," Memoirs of the Research Dept. of the Toyo Bunko, no. 36 (1978), pp. 233-248.

•TSHAGS ja tshags (hon. gsol tshags), tea strainer. Schmied 197. phreng ba. tshar du dngar ba. gtsag bu. Btsan-lha. T&BS I 340. It could be that the [Indian] monastic water filter was the origin [in China] of the tea strainer (see Kieschnick, Impact 266). Used for the interwoven inset technique of crosshatching well-known as damascening. See LaRocca, Warriors 214, 215.

•TSHAGS DAM PA bar med pa. Btsan-lha.

•TSHAGS PAR stencil for transferring patterns or outlines (in modern colloquial, this word means simply 'newsprint' and hence, 'newspaper'). Rhies & Thurman 386.

•TSHAGS PHUR Bellezza, L&T 89.

•TSHAGS BYAS gsog pa. Gces 585.5.

•TSHAGS SU THAL chud zos. Btsan-lha.

•TSHAGS SU TSHUD las su rung ba. Gces 585.6. Btsan-lha.

•TSHAGS SRANG decorative embossing tools. Schmied 148.

•TSHANG [1] nest. [2] ci la yang tshang ste ni ci zhig smos te. BBNP 466.

•TSHANG THUR OT = gos shubs. Blaṅ 299.4. Dbus-pa no. 612. Btsan-lha. Lcang-skya.

•TSHANG BANG me khang ngam thab tshang. Btsan-lha.

•TSHANG MANG [1] OT kitchen. = nag tshang. = me khang. Blaṅ 298.4, 516.2. Skt. mahānasa. Mvy. 4487. [2] stove, oven. me khang ngam thab tshang. Btsan-lha. = thab tshang. Lcang-skya. [3] mi mang. Btsan-lha. [4] Acc. to Yisun, it may have a sexual meaning in poetry, where it can be equiv. to ka ko la, q.v.

•TSHANG TSHING = (shing) ge lab. 367 II 127.2. dense interior. Yangga's dissert., p. 299.

•TSHANG RA T&BS I 352. lto ru a sbyar mar can bskur kyin / rgyab tu tshang ra 'jam po gon na / phang du dngul gyi ya lab can bcug pas chos cang mchi 'am. Zhi-byed Coll. V 314.1. DD illus. 7. hindquarter (of a carcass) and still other meanings.

•TSHANG LING NGE rtab shor ba'am tshab tshub langs pa. Btsan-lha.

•TSHANG SA Namdak.

•TSHANGS gtsang ma. Btsan-lha.

•TSHANGS SKUD phrag gong nas mchan khung g.yas g.yon du bsnol bar bcings pa'i srad bu. Btsan-lha.

•TSHANGS RGYUNG ri rab dang gling bzhi nyi zla dang bcas pa'i 'jig rten gyi khams. Btsan-lha.

•TSHANGS STANG fire. Karmay, Treasury.

•TSHANGS THIG vertical central axis of a figure. Jackson. Beyer 265.

•TSHANGS PA'I BU 1. bram ze. 2. dug. Blaṅ 530.

•TSHANGS PA'I DBYUG PA Simioli, AG 60.

•TSHANGS PA'I ZLA BA Simioli, AG 60.

•TSHANGS PA'I YI GE tshangs pa'i yi ge smra ru ma btub bo. The Brahma letter could not be pronounced. Zhi-byed Coll. I 278.3.

•TSHANGS PA LHA'I ME TOG KP1 149.4. KP3 297.5. KP4 473.5.

•TSHANGS PAR MTSHUNGS PAR SPYOD Skt. sabrahmacārī. Mvy 9219. See EoB, vol. 7, pp. 580-584.

•TSHANGS SPYOD LDAN 1. sdom brtson. 2. gzhon nu karti ka. Blaṅ 530.

•TSHANGS BUG Brahma's aperture. Germano, Poetic Thought 841. cranium. Karmay, Treasury.

•TSHANGS DBYANGS Expl. in Gser Sbram 64. The sixty qualities of Brahma's melodious voice detailed in Erik Pema Kunsang, The Light of Wisdom, Shambhala (Boston 1995) 196.

•TSHAD when used with verbs: with present verb it means something like 'as much as [a certain number/amount]' and with past it means something like 'entirely' [none left out]. I'm actually not sure of this distinction, but I found it in Dag yig. Sometimes I think that this usage of it means 'however much [there is/was]' in general.

•TSHAD 'KHRU SRZT 99.

•TSHAD RNYING chronic or longterm fever disease. Text 12.

•TSHAD PHEBS SNANG BA See snang bzhi.

•TSHAD MA'I SKYES BU Shortened form of tshad mar gyur pa'i skyes bu. See Kuijp, TBTC 376, n. 2.

•TSHAD MA GNYIS The two sources of certainty: perception and inference. mngon sum dang / dang rjes dpag go. 600 4.

•TSHAD MA SDE BDUN rnam 'grel / rnam nges / rigs thigs te lus lta bu'i bstan bcos gsum / gtan tshigs thigs pa / 'brel ba brtag pa / rgyud gzhan grub pa / rtsod rigs te yan lag lta bu'i bstan bcos bzhi ste bdun no. 600 94.

•TSHAD MA RNAM GSUM 1. lung (scriptural authorities from mouth of teacher). 2. rigs pa (experience/reasoning). 3. man ngag (mouth to ear precepts). 206 234.3.

•TSHAD MA BZHI See Jan-Ulrich Sobisch's paper in Sørensen Festschrift.

•TSHAD MA GSUM 1. direct perception (pratyākṣa). 2. inference. (anumāna). 3. master lineage (āptāgama). Wayman, BI 346 n. 10. Verhagen, SIBH4 588.

•TSHAD MED BZHI snying rje tshad med / byams pa tshad med / dga' ba tshad med / btang snyoms tshad med do. 600 42.

•TSHAD GZHAL MED PA Kapstein, Dialectic 286.

•TSHAN [1] In Bon texts, TN says it means 'water' (see discussion by Karmay in JA [1995] 173). pure liquid substances. TS6 130. [2] unit[s]. A unit (group, team) in the administration of the OT empire. See Uebach in TS7 II 997 ff. Tsuguhito Takeuchi has also written on this. Dotson, D&L 58. [3] [number of] distinct titles [in a volume]. [4] an item of materia medica. = sro lo dmar po. JD 163. SS 511.2. Common stonecrop, wallpepper. Sedum acre. TDD 176. [5] dogsled. A borrowing from Mongolian tsana, 'sled.' Pollock, Forms 344.

•TSHAN KOR mtshan legs. Dbus-pa no. 553.

•TSHAN KHA nus pa / mthu / stobs sogs.

•TSHAN GYIS KHRUS GSOL sman dang dri bzang sbags pa'i chu gtsang gis bkrus pa. Btsan-lha.

•TSHAN CAN n. for the sun.

•TSHAN LDAN an older rendering of stobs ldan (Balin). See Hahn in Dorji Wangchuk, Cross-Cultural Transmission of Buddhist Texts (Hamburg 2016) 83.

•TSHAN NER quietly. Norbu, Cycle.

•TSHAN PO CHE gdos chen po. Gces 588.3. gdos chen po'am 'bor chen po. Btsan-lha.

•TSHAN PHUG pierced iron decoration, also called lcags dkrol. LaRocca, Warriors 31.

•TSHAN 'BYIN drag pos tsha 'dri byed pa. Btsan-lha.

•TSHAB CHEN schwer, in hohem Masse. Kaschewsky2.

•TSHAB BI TSHUB BI hurriedly. Soundings 29.

•TSHAB MA substitute, replacement [for a leader]. Lde'u 386.

•TSHABS rlung tshabs. SRZT 123.

•TSHAM NGAM OT = 'jigs stangs. Blaṅ 287.5. 'jigs pa. Dbus-pa no. 137. = 'jigs stangs. Lcang-skya.

•TSHAM RNGAM 'jigs stangs te skrag pa'i stangs ka ston pa. Btsan-lha.

•TSHAM DU gtan du. Dbus-pa no. 037.

•TSHAM TSHUM Also, tsham tshom. doubt, hesitation, shrinking back. Das. Also spelled tshom tshom and tsham tsham. 367 I 233. Flick, Carrying Enemies 42.

•TSHAM TSHOM See dol chod du sbyang. 367 II 132.5. the tshom pa. Gces 584.4. Samdo A IV 73r.2.

•TSHAM TSHOM MED PA thag chod pa the tshom med pa. Btsan-lha. Skt. sāhasika. Mvy. 2967.

•TSHAMS RNGAMS 'jigs stangs. Btsan-lha.

•TSHA'U = tsha bo. tsha'u 'am tsha bo ni spun gyi bu dang / de'i bu la tsha bo dang yang tsha zer. Dpe-chos 505. Btsan-lha.

•TSHAR long strips of bamboo used for binding material in Bhutan and Sikkim. Aris, Discourse 68. phreng ba. Btsan-lha. = phreng ba. Lcang-skya.

•TSHAR BKUM tshar bcad pa. Btsan-lha.

•TSHAR BCAD PA refute or defeat (through logic and debate).

•TSHAR BCAD PA'I GNAS Also, chad pa'i gnas. nigrahasthāna. stopping point. Mvy. 4542. Points of defeat (in formal logic). Indian logic pays more attention to them than does Tibetan debating tradition. Dreyfus, Sound 210. Cabezón, Great Debates 72.

•TSHAR DANG 'phreng ba. Dbus-pa no. 729.

•TSHAR DU DNGAR BA put in a row, arranged in a series. Stearns, SR 34.

•TSHAR DU BTON As ex. of an irreg. Old Tantra term, corresponding to tshar bcad pa, see the work of Dge-rtse in Rnying Rgyud 1973 XXXVI 455.

•TSHAR PA NAG PO N. of a tree. Cotoneaster frigidus. TDD 57.

•TSHAR PHYIN OT = mthar phyin. Blaṅ 289.5. nges par 'byung ba'am mthar phyin pa. Btsan-lha. mthar phyin. Dbus-pa no. 210. Lcang-skya.

•TSHAR PHYUNG nang nas phyir phud pa. Btsan-lha.

•TSHAR BU See Dag-yig. See T&BS I 353, n. 210.

•TSHAR BONG JD 156. SS 463.6. A type of artemesia. Czaja in NTFC I 107 ff.

•TSHAR 'BRUM JD 90. SS 506.5. Varieties: tshar dkar, tshar nag, tshar leb. DG 209.4. Mdo 354.

•TSHAR TSHAD A Gcod term (used by Brahmin Āryadeva in his Prajñāpāramitā treatise), which Edou, Machig 72, translates as '[sign of] level of final accomplishment.' This occurs when the cho 'phrul have quieted themselves.

•TSHAR LEB Cotoneaster microphylla. TDD 58.

•TSHAR LO gos skud dang bal skud gang rung chun por bzos pa'o. Illus. in Nomads 286.

•TSHAL [1] grove. [2] vegetable. A recent borrowing from Chinese acc. to Jamyang Norbu, "Newspeak & New Tibet."

•TSHAL DKAR CHUNG NGU small Chinese cabbage. CTEV 24.

•TSHAL DKAR CHE BA Chinese cabbage. CTEV 25.

•TSHAL NAN btung ba bye brag pa zhig. Btsan-lha.

•TSHAL SNAG spinach. CTEV 24.

•TSHAL PHAB PA tshad phab pa. Btsan-lha.

•TSHAL BOG PA dro 'debs pa'am tsha phog rgyag pa. Btsan-lha.

•TSHAL MA NAR MA rgyun par zas za ba. Btsan-lha.

•TSHAL ZA rgyud brtag pa. Gces 581.4. Btsan-lha.

•TSHAS [1] ZZ = tshil bu. 'fatty tissues.' Bru II 292.1. thum byed dam dri byed. zas bcud can. Btsan-lha. [2] wrapping [string and/or paper]. Takeuchi in Brandon Dotson, et al., eds., Scribes, Texts, and Rituals in Early Tibet and Dunhuang, Reichert Verlag (Wiesbaden 2012) 102.

•TSHAS SU GZHUG PA me la bsros nas tsha bar bcug pa. Btsan-lha.

•TSHI CHAD Also used in Klong-chen-pa (chapter 7?). phlegm disease" (? something that slows you, or bogs you, down). Bsam-gtan Mig Sgron 318.5, 339.5. Ma 33.1. tired or depressed. yi chad pa'am yi mug pa. Btsan-lha. 'gro bar myi nus mkhar zhong nang gi rul rbal tshi chad 'gyur. Zhi-byed Coll. I 219.5. tshi cha / yi chad. Dbus-pa no. 022.

•TSHI LU tshil. Dagyab.

•TSHIG RKANG line of a 4-line verse, quarter verse. Skt. pāda, ślokapāda.

•TSHIG GU pit, kernel (of a fruit). OT = 'bras bu'i snying po. Blaṅ 299.2. shing tog gi nang rus sam 'bras bu'i snying po. Btsan-lha. 'bras bu. Dbus-pa no. 597. Lcang-skya. Also spelled rtsig gu, rtsi gu, rtsi khu, etc.

•TSHIG RGYUD GSUM three types of tantras that exist in words: 1. sgrar snang ba'i rgyud. 2. sgrar grags pa'i rgyud. 3. brdar gyur pa'i rgyud. See RYWiki.

•TSHIG LCAGS insulting, disparage. MTTP. Evidently the literal meaning is 'verbal lashings' (implicating the spelling lcag rather than lcags).

•TSHIG NYUNG of few words, taciturn. brtan zhing 'jam la tshig nyung gang yin pa // de la mis ni shin tu bag bya ste // nyi ma sprin bug nang nas byung ba yi // 'od zer shin tu tsha bar gyur pa bzhin. People take great care with a person who is immovable, gentle and taciturn. He's like the sun that breaks through a hole in the clouds that creates rays that are extremely hot. Hahn, TSD 11.

•TSHIG 'THENG PO = 'theng rkang ma, a word for verse made up of 8-syllable lines. BBNP 466. bod yig tshig rkang re la tsheg bar brgyad re yod pa. Btsan-lha.

•TSHIG DON BRGYAD rtog ge'i tshig don brgyad ni / mngon sum yang dag / mngon sum ltar snang / rjes dpag yang dag / rjes dpag ltar snang / sgrub ngag yang dag / sgrub ngag ltar snang / sun 'byin yang dag / sun 'byin ltar snang ngo. 600 115-116.

•TSHIG DON DRUG See bye brag pa'i tshig don drug.

•TSHIG DOR yang dag min pa. Btsan-lha.

•TSHIG RDEG gar mkhan ma. Btsan-lha.

•TSHIG BSDUS PA Skt. samāsa. Mvy. 4713.

•TSHIG PA Zorn, Wut. Kaschewsky2.

•TSHIG PA ZA BA be eaten with anger, be upset, be troubled.

•TSHIG SPYI TSAM PA LA 'CHEL NAS tshig spyi tsam pa la zhen nas. Btsan-lha.

•TSHIG PHRAD See Verhagen in TS7 II 1011 ff. Acc. to him, the first attested usage of the word is in the Smra-sgo.

•TSHIG BAB flow [of a translation]. Almogi in Dorji Wangchuk, ed., Cross-Cultural Transmission of Buddhist Texts (Hamburg 2016) 17.

•TSHIG BLA DWAGS tshig rung thabs su gdags pa'am btags ming. Btsan-lha.

•TSHIG DBANG Word Initiation, the 4th of the four initiations. According to His Holiness, The Word in the 'word initiation' means zung 'jug.

•TSHIG 'BRU LCIBS PA tshig 'bru non pa. Btsan-lha.

•TSHIG SBA (coll.) swollen knuckle. MTTP.

•TSHIG MA BCAG PA tshig dang 'gal med pa. Btsan-lha.

•TSHIG RTSIGS tshig btsun. Dbus-pa no. 390.

•TSHIG BRTSIG tshig yid la bcag pa'am btsun pa. Btsan-lha. = tshig btsun. Lcang-skya.

•TSHIG ZIN LTAR as captured in the words [of the verse or passage cited]. Paṇ-chen I, Gsung-'bum II 359.1.

•TSHIG ZUR Cabezón, Rog 152.

•TSHIG RIS phraseology [of a translation]. Almogi in Dorji Wangchuk, ed., Cross-Cultural Transmission of Buddhist Texts (Hamburg 2016) 17.

•TSHIG BRLANG PO tshig phog thug can nam gtum tshig. Btsan-lha.

•TSHIG LA DRON 'JUG PA tshig la g.yo 'jug pa. Btsan-lha.

•TSHIG GSUM Frequent in gzhas, including the ones by the Dalai Lama VI. Discussed by Decleer in his review article on books about the Dalai Lama VI. tshig gsum dam bca', 'Three Word Pledge,' seems to serve as a wedding vow. See tshigs gsum, 'three joints,' which is frequently confused. Said to be an idiom for 'a few words' (see RET XXXIX 95).

•TSHIG LHAD interspersed syllables. Alice Egyed, The Meaningless Fill-in Syllables in Tibetan Buddhist Chant, in Kara Festschrift (2005) 235-242.

•TSHIGS As the syllable in: bdun tshigs. joint, middle. Karmay, Treasury. srog chags kyi rus pa'i lhu 'brel mtshams kyi ming ste: rus tshigs, pus mo'i tshigs, dpung ba'i tshigs zhes pa lta bu. Dag-yig.

•TSHIGS SKRANG arthritis. Dhongthog. Literal meaning seems to be a swelling on the joints.

•TSHIGS BRGYA See shu dag.

•TSHIGS BRGYA BA See dur ba.

•TSHIGS BCAD Or, tshigs su bcad pa. Skt. śloka. Four lines of verse (pāda) make one śloka. It may also be used as a measurement of prose passages (tshigs lhugs), in which case Sumatiratna says that 32 syllables in an Indian text, or 28 syllables in a Tibetan text, equals one śloka. See Ernst Steinkellner, Paralokasiddhi-Texts, contained in: Buddhism and Its Relation to Other Religions: Essays in Honour of Dr. Shuzen Kumoi on His Seventieth Birthday, Heirakuji Shoten (Kyoto 1985), pp. 215-224, at p. 222.

•TSHIGS THUR type of medical instrument. 2 kinds pictured in JD 277 (items 4-5).

•TSHIGS PA CAN See shu dag nag po.

•TSHIGS MA chang snyigs. Btsan-lha. Also spelled 'tshigs ma.

•TSHIGS MANG See smyug tshi.

•TSHIGS GSUM three joints. Bellezza, L&T 62.

•TSHIGS LHUGS Prose, as distinguished from verse (tshigs bcad). Often spelled tshig lhug, although tshigs lhug[s] seems more correct. It seems to mean 'relaxed junctures' (not regularly divided with punctuation as verse is).

•TSHING GING a tree. SS 413.6.

•TSHIN DA RU HA See sle tres.

•TSHIM PA generally 'quenching' (of thirst), but also satiation (of sexual desire).

•TSHIR GYIS BZUNG BA zug pa ltar bzung ba. Btsan-lha.

•TSHIL sngar tshil nag gis sun grags pas / phyis bong 'bye mthong tsam na skyug log ge snang. Zhi-byed Coll. V 307.5.

•TSHIL SHUB DKAR NAG black and white rectum. Yangga's dissert., p. 281.

•TSHIS See Richardson in HP,PE 25-27, where he seems to suggest that it means, generally, 'affairs.' I think the meaning often tends more toward assistance, welfare. so nam gyi las. farmer's work. Used several times in Zhi-byed Coll. II 229.7 ff. tshe 'di'i tshis bya ba dang phyi ma'i don bsgrub pa gnyis... Ibid. II 251.7. khyod rang a tsa ra la nyan na / 'bangs kyi tshis bas rang gi tshis gal che bar go ba long. Ibid. II 261.5. gzhan gyi gnyer bas rang gi tshis dga'. Ibid. II 445.6. sdod tshis mi bya 'gro tshis bya. 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001) IV 180.3. gzhan gyi grogs ngan la mi tshe rgas su bcug na mdo med du 'gro bas rang tshis rang gis gyis. Zhi-byed Coll. IV 51.6. phyi'i dgra 'dul zhing nang gi tshis bya ba. Lde'u 270.

•TSHIS 'JAM spyir tshis. Btsan-lha.

•TSHIS NYES PA thabs jus ngan pa'am thabs shes nor 'khrul can. Btsan-lha.

•TSHIS SU 'GRO BA phan grogs su 'gro ba. Btsan-lha. go in friendship (see Das).

•TSHU'U vinegar. LW 518. Acc. to Jamyang Norbu, "Newspeak & New Tibet," a borrowing from Chinese.

•TSHU GI = tshu rol. "this side." Kuijp (1986) 38. 'here.' Samdo A V 225r.1.

•TSHU 'JAD tshun chad. Btsan-lha.

•TSHU BI tshur ngos sam tshu rol. Btsan-lha.

•TSHU ROL MDZES PA 'existentialists' (according to Thondup, BM 259).

•TSHUGS [1] slu ru mi tshugs ni bslu mi nus. Dpe-chos 512. tshugs / 'dzugs pa dang / 'tsho zin pa dang / 'tshe ba bcas don du ma la 'jug ste / 'dir 'tshe ba'am gnod pa'i don. Gser Sbram 142. [2] According to Tsuguhito Takeuchi, this is the name for the units of watchmen that worked in Central Asia during the OT empire. This unit was made up of four men, a tshugs-dpon or commander, 'og dpon or sub-commander, a byan po or cook, and a byan g.yog or assistant cook. See Takeuchi Tsuguhito, "The Tibetan Military System and Its Activities from Khotan to Lop-nor," contained in: Susan Whitfield, ed., The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith, The British Library (London 2004), pp. 50-56.

•TSHUGS PA zug pa'am gzugs pa dang thub pa'i ming. See Silk, Dissert. 319. target (someone). Jamspal, Treasury 7.

•TSHUGS DPON Acc. to Tsuguhito Takeuchi, this is the name of the leader of the unit called tshugs. His assistant was called the 'og dpon (or 'og pon). Dotson, OTA glossary, explains it as head of four men assigned to each hill station (ri zug).

•TSHUGS MA 'KHYUG Semi-cursive handwriting, especially used for scribing books. Dungkar in TJ 8 no. 4 (Winter 1993) 12.

•TSHUGS RING THUNG 'Printed' type of Tibetan letters in their long and short forms.

•TSHUGS SHING tent pole. Stearns, SR 32.

•TSHUD PA blo tshud pa ni blo 'gyur ba. BBNP 465. sdug 'phral la tshud na skyid phyir 'breng ba (I interpret, If you can put up with temporary inconveniences, happiness will follow after you). Zhi-byed Coll. II 152.1.

•TSHUD MO MKHAN digger, carver. OT = rkos mkhan. Blaṅ 289.2. Btsan-lha. Lcang-skya.

•TSHUN CAD tshun chad. Btsan-lha.

•TSHUB TSHUB [1] waving [of the tail]. [2] dark (?). Tan, Theses 106.

•TSHUM nas tshum gcig ni nas sgye mo gang zer ba yin. Dpe-chos 513. See 'dzum. rang sa gtso' bor bzhag pa'i tshum bus te dang po'o. Zhi-byed Coll. II 73.5.

•TSHUMS GANG cung zad tsam. Btsan-lha.

•TSHUR See JD 68. See mtshur.

•TSHUR RGYAB on this side (of mt. or hill). MTTP.

•TSHUR SNGON See big ban.

•TSHUR MCHI tshur shog. Btsan-lha.

•TSHUR SPYON tshur gshegs sam tshur shog. Btsan-lha. tshur spyon chos kyi spyan can rnams. 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001) IV 255.5.

•TSHUR PHYIR mthar phyin. Btsan-lha.

•TSHUR BYUNG returns, profits. Cüppers in Prats, Pandita & Siddha 14.

•TSHUR LA ONG = tshur la thong. "throw (it) here!" Kuijp (1986) 38.

•TSHUR TSHA Gold Ms. I 3r.4.

•TSHUR SHIG OT tr. of Skt. ehi. = tshur shog. Blaṅ 290.6.

•TSHUR SHEG tshur shog. Btsan-lha.

•TSHUR SHOG Come hither! This was the simple phrase Buddha used in order to call forth people from the household life. In earliest times, this constituted the full rite of ordination.

•TSHUL manner, way, mode, media, way of doing things.

•TSHUL KHANG pilgrimage resthouse. Huber, Pure Crystal 238, n. 32.

•TSHUL KHRIMS GSUM dge ba chos sdud / sems can don byed / nyes spyod sdom pa'i tshul khrims rnams so. 600 15-16.

•TSHUL CHOS rang la med bzhin du gzhan gyi mthong sar yod mdog bstan pa. Btsan-lha.

•TSHUL PA keepers of the tshul khang, q.v.

•TSHUL BZHI [1] four modes [of interpretation]. 1. spyi'i don. 2. yi ge'i don. 3. sbas pa'i don. 4. mthar thug gi don. The Sanskrit of the set as it occurs in the Pradīpoddyotana: 1. akṣarārtha. 2. samastāṅgārtha. 3. garbhyartha. 4. kolikārtha (which Wayman translates 1. invariant sense [literal meaning], 2. commonly shared sense [shared with non-tantric Buddhism], 3. pregnant sense, and 4. ultimate sense). Alex Wayman, Guhyasamājatantra: Reflections on the Word and Its Meaning, Transactions of the Int'l Conference of Orientalists in Japan, no. 15 (1970), pp. 34-44, at p. 41. These are somehow comparable to the fourfold levels of interpretation according to medieval Christians: the literal, allegorical, moral and anagogical. "The letter teaching the things that were done, the allegory what you should believe, the moral what you should do, the anagogical where you are headed." (See P.J. Archambault, tr. A Monk's Confession: The Memoirs of Guibert of Nogent, Pennsylvania State Press [University Park 1996], p. 60.) Tiso in TJ XXX no. 3 [1998] 123. [2] the four modes [of explanation] according to Lde'u 322 are: 1. bka' lung ru tshugs su 'chad pa. 2. yongs grags rtogs chos su 'chad pa. 3. 'grel pa rgyud gzhung ltems pa'i dkor du 'chad pa. 4. gnyan rgyud thor bur 'chad pa.

•TSHUL BZHIN YID LA BYED PA Skt. yoniśo manasikāra. Mvy. 1641. EoB VIII 809-815.

•TSHUL GZOB tshul 'chos pa. Btsan-lha. Eimer, Dbyangs 56. hypocrite. Jamspal, Treasury 83.

•TSHUL SHING counting sticks, tally sticks, voting slips. This word occurs in Mvy. no. 8679 as Tib. translation for śalākā, meaning "a round piece of wood used in giving one's consent, or vote (among the priests)." It may also be a monastic 'meal-ticket' (see index to Joel Tatelman, The Glorious Deeds of Pūrṇa). It may be used to keep track of the numbers of monks, for example in a rainy season retreat. Schopen in JIP 30 (2002) 360 ff. The Tibetan word would seem to presume a Skt. form śilākā or something similar (see Schopen's article, p. 363). Banerjee, Sarvāstivāda Literature 238. Spelled śālākā in Gustav Roth, Bhikṣuṇī-Vinaya, K. P. Jayaswal Research Institute (Patna 1970), pp. ii-v. They may come in two types, black and white, which would indicate different sides of an issue. Not yet seen: Hubert Durt, "The Counting-Stick (Śalāka) and the Majority/Minority Rule in the Buddhist Community," Indogaku Bukkyôgaku Kenkyû, vol. 23, no. 1 (1974) 287-310 (reference taken from M. Strickmann, Chinese Poetry & Prophecy). Blue Annals 1068: tshul shing len pa, translated as 'voters.' Daniel M. Stuart, "Legislating Consent: Dispute, Accord & the Vote in Early Indian Monasticisms," contained in: Susan Andrews, et al., eds., Rules of Engagement, Projekt Verlag (Bochum 2017) 225-267 (this article shows that voting was not according to modern democratic understandings of how it should be done).

•TSHUL GSUM phyogs chos / rjes khyab / ldog khyab kyi tshul lo. 600 9.

•TSHUS See zhal tshus. Blaṅ 301.1. zas. Btsan-lha.

•TSHE As second part of a two-part compound, see Chayet in TH&L 32. lus sems 'brel ba'i dbus gnas srog. gshin po'i dge ba byas pa. Btsan-lha. As name of an Old Tibetan funerary rite, perhaps adopted from China, see sources cited in Cuevas, Hidden History 34 (also, Kapstein, Assimilation 215 n. 26. Example of usage in Sba 4.7. In this usage, perhaps 'longevity' is the proper translation.

•TSHE GU shing tog sogs kyi 'bras bu'i snying po. Btsan-lha. Compare tshi gu.

•TSHE GCIG LUS GNYIS one life two bodies. See chu sbur. SS 539.3.

•TSHE CHU long life water. Karmay, Great Perfection 220.

•TSHE CHOG rituals for procuring long life. Karmay, Treasury.

•TSHE THAR life liberation. Freeing an animal that would otherwise have been killed. For analogous practice in Europe, where the hunted animal was captured alive and released wearing a collar (with various inscriptions, including one saying "Noli me tangere," Don't touch me!), see Michael Bath, Imperial Renovatio Symbolism in the Très riches heures, Simiolus, vol. 17, no. 1 (1987), pp. 5-22.

•TSHE DANG LDAN PA āyuṣmān. Mvy. 9221. respected elder. Since it is used to address equals, Roberts, King, translates it as 'brother.'

•TSHE DU gtan du. Btsan-lha.

•TSHE DRUNG mistake for rtsis drung? monk official class. Tucci, Lhasa 75.

•TSHE 'DI'I SDO KHAL RE tshe 'di'i don gnyer re. Btsan-lha.

•TSHE PHYID dar yol ba'am rgan po. Btsan-lha.

•TSHE BUM long life vase. Essen Museum 512, depicts an especially elaborate example. The 13th Dalai Lama had one made in Paris. An article was written about it by J. Deniker, The Dalai Lama's New Tse-Boum from Paris, The Century, vol. 47 no. 4 (Feb 1904).

•TSHE BER snam sbyar. Btsan-lha.

•TSHE DBANG RIL BU a medicinal preparation. Three Tibetan Medical Texts 43-46.

•TSHE MA a disease of cattle. Bellezza, L&T 60.

•TSHE MA PHYID smad ra gtong ba'i smad tshig. Btsan-lha.

•TSHE MA PHYED = mi tshe ma phud pa. BBNP 479.

•TSHE MI PHYID tshe mtha' mi 'khyol ba. Btsan-lha.

•TSHE YI RTSA the channels through which the bla circulates during the course of one lunar month. Millard in Schrempf, ed., Soundings 267.

•TSHE TSHE See ra.

•TSHE 'DZIN NOR BU a medicinal preparation. Three Tibetan Medical Texts 47 ff.

•TSHE 'DZUGS ra ma. Btsan-lha.

•TSHE ZHI a body part of a deer. C. Ramble, The Deer as a Structuring Principle in Certain Bonpo Rituals, contained in: H. Krasser et al., eds., Cultural Flows across the Western Himalaya (Vienna 2012), pp. 509–539, at p. 529, 531.

•TSHE YANG TSE vegetables. LW 518.

•TSHE RING MCHED LNGA bkra shis tshe ring ma / mthing gi zhal bzang ma / mi g.yo blo bzang ma / cod pan mgrin bzang ma / gtad dkar 'gro bzang ma rnams so. 600 53.

•TSHE RING GNAM GYI SHE MONG tshe ring du gnas pa'i gnam gyi lha'i stobs shugs. Btsan-lha.

•TSHE RING RNAM DRUG The six long life figures: the rock, water, tree, man, bird and deer (ri dwags). They are often depicted as a set.

•TSHE SHING Chinese concept interpreted as "rnam 'gyur bzhi." Thuken 340.

•TSHEG on the tsheg punctuation mark, especially the early unusual forms of 1. colon-like double dot and 2. medially located dot punctuations, see Sam van Schaik's website: https://readingtibetan.wordpress.com/resources/punctuation.

•TSHEGS KYIS 'phral lam myur du. Btsan-lha.

•TSHENGS PA rgyal ba. Btsan-lha. pha ma'i bla tshengs. Zhi-byed Coll. II 442.3.

•TSHED said to be a type of snare or trap. Bellezza, L&T 67, 82. Perhaps it has to do with the "dzaekha" used to snare antelope driven into it, mentioned in Toni Huber, The Changing Role of Hunting and Wildlife in Pastoral Communities of Northern Tibet. IN: Pastoral Practices in High Asia (2012) 195-216, at p. 197.

•TSHEB winnowing fork (with no set number of prongs).

•TSHEM DRUB MA embroidered thangka. Jackson. Anyetsang in TSB 15 (1980) 7.

•TSHEM BU skyag pa. rmog. Btsan-lha.

•TSHEM BU 'KHOR LO sewing machine. Acc. to Jamyang Norbu, "Newspeak & New Tibet," they were first imported to Tibet in 1907.

•TSHEM TSHE go khrab. Btsan-lha.

•TSHEM TSHEM khrab. Btsan-lha. valikāsamnāha. Mvy. 6074.

•TSHEM ZHWA rmog. Btsan-lha.

•TSHEM ZHU rmog. Btsan-lha.

•TSHEM SHING (hon.) tooth stick. so'i dri ma 'khrud byed kyi so shing. Btsan-lha. Also spelled tshems shing.

•TSHEMS MCHE BA BZHI Tibetans were always interested in the 4 canine tooth relics of the Buddha. See Rig-ral's history, Stag-lung Chos-'byung, among other sources (Buescher in Changing Minds only knows of the latter).

•TSHER pha tsher ni pha'i khyim mam 'dug sa ste/ 'brog pa'i 'dug sa'am bab sa la 'tsher zer ro. 367 II 132.4.

•TSHER SKYA See skyi ba'i 'bras bu.

•TSHER GYIS adv. [grasp] tightly. C&LT 173.

•TSHER RNGON See skyer pa.

•TSHER SNGON blue poppy. TR XIV no. 4, p. 16. Mdo 357. SS 459.5. Meconopsis horridula. Wangchuk, Bioactive 26. Blue poppu. Meconopsis aculeata. TDD 115. Christa Kletter, Monika Kriechbaum et al., Tsher-sngon: The Himalaya Poppy, an Important Drug in Traditional Tibetan Medicine, Scientia Pharmaceutica 62 no. 2 (1994) 113. See do ba la.

•TSHER DONG tsher shing mang pos phyur bur bkang ba'i dong ste / sngon dus kyi btson ra de 'dra'i rigs shig kyang yod par mngon. Nomads 287. Achard, L'Essence 226 n. 38.

•TSHER LDUM aloe (the plant, not the aloewood tree of the Bible). tsher ldum me tog seems to be just a longer version of its name.

•TSHER SPU CAN having thorny body hairs, porcupine. See gzugs mo.

•TSHER MA besides usual meaning of thorn, bramble, it may mean [fish] bone or antler. 4 124v.2.

•TSHER MA SKYES Skt. panasa. Jack fruit. Das.

•TSHER MA BCOM tsher ma dkrugs pa. Btsan-lha.

•TSHER MA BYED PA See kaṇṭa ka ri.

•TSHER MA 'BYIN kaṇṭakoddhāra. extract the thorns. Dreyfus, Sound 209.

•TSHER BZUNG smar 'jab bam 'jab rtse. Btsan-lha. also, tsu mo ti. a medical implement in the class of skam pa. 'jab rtse lta bu (like tweezers). Dagyab. Pictured in JD 275 (item 4).

•TSHES GCAL tshes mtha' la gtugs pa. Btsan-lha.

•TSHES ZHAG See Schuh in ZAS 37 (2008) 215. See under nyin zhag.

•TSHO [1] OR, rgya tsho. county, administrative unit. Goldstein, Taxation 2. Karmay says that tsho are clan groupings that share a single holy mountain with its connected monastery, and members of other tsho are not supposed to participate in the other's mountain cult (if they do, they have to take on obligations of that tsho). See Ricca & Fournier in TJ 26 no. 3/4 (Autumn/Winter 2001) 115, which says these new administrative entities, which seem to have been taxation units, originated with the monks of the Phyi-dar (but don't they rather intend the modern word chus? In the Phyi-dar, these were nothing more than splinters in the monastic ordination transmissions). [2] with reference to the Phyi-dar splintering of monastic groups, I simply translate this as 'group.' [3] In 'Gos, Stong-thun 16.6 ff. one may find several instances where the 'modern' plural marker tsho is used. For examples, bu tsho and chos tsho instead of bu rnams and chos rnams.

•TSHO BA tsho khag. Nomads 247.

•TSHO SHA DKAR a non-shaded color gradation commonly used in the painting of woodwork, etc. Jackson.

•TSHOG PA rdzogs par. Dbus-pa no. 288.

•TSHOG PHOR OT = rdzogs par. Blaṅ 292.2. Lcang-skya. rdzogs pa'am mthar phyin pa. Btsan-lha.

•TSHOGS [1] heap, mass. [2] society, community. [3] Skt. gaṇa. troops (of Śiva), group, herd, pack. [4] I generally, following the norm, translate this as accumulation, in the context of the two accumulations. However, Alex Berzin has an argument, while arguing against the translation 'collection,' that a better way would be 'enlightenment-building network,' which is rather long. Perhaps 'build-up' would be a possibility.

•TSHOGS CAN MA OT = smad 'tshong ma'i tshogs. Blaṅ 305.4. smad 'tshong ma'am smad 'tshong ma'i tshogs. Btsan-lha. Smith, Philology 15. MTBSC 97.

•TSHOGS CHEN PO BZHI four great accummulations. Schaik, Sweet 51.

•TSHOGS CHEN ZHAL NGO the great assemblage's chief. MTTP.

•TSHOGS CHOS argument against the inferiority of 'group teachings.' 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001) V 466.4. In context of 12th century Kagyü, I recommend translating it as 'congregational teaching,' since it isn't always clear whether these are opened to a broader public, limited to the monks in the monastery or to some more exclusive group (I tend to think they were intended for the broader public).

•TSHOGS GNYIS bsod nams kyi tshogs dang / ye shes kyi tshogs. 600 6.

•TSHOGS GTAM a public [monastic assembly] talking-to (a public scolding or reprimand, by a disciplinarian toward a monk who isn't doing as he should). M. Lempert, Disciplinary Theatrics: Public Reprimand and the Textual Performance of Affect at Sera Monastery, India, Language & Communication 26 no 1 (Jan 2006) 15-33.

•TSHOGS DRUG Discussed in 476 II 266.1 ff. Padampa uses it to mean the six senses. His use of the term would seem to imply a lineage from the Bodhisattvabhûmi; see Sparham in Changing Minds 202.

•TSHOGS PAR MI DBYUNG BA'I TSHIG tshogs dbus su smra mi phod pa'i tshig. Btsan-lha.

•TSHOGS SPYOD de yang rgya gar na tshogs spyod dngos su byed la / bod na tshogs spyod kyi dod po 'gro don byed pa yin pas. Lo-ras-pa, Gsung-'bum IV 304.2.

•TSHOGS ZANGS name for the huge tea-making or cooking vats used for monastic assemblies and the like. BLKC I 416, 421.

•TSHOGS BZLUMS tshogs gnyis te bsod nams kyi tshogs dang ye shes kyi tshogs gnyis 'dums pa'am bsags pa. Btsan-lha.

•TSHOGS LAM lam tshogs kyi lam la nang gses bzhi gsum bcu gnyis yod pa las / lus dran pa nye bar bzhag pa yang ma zin par... Zhi-byed Coll. V 359.3.

•TSHOGS SHING [1] refuge tree. [2] firewood tax. Gutschow, Being a Buddhist Nun 106.

•TSHOGS GSUM ming gi tshogs dang / tshig gi tshogs dang / yi ge'i tshogs. 600 16.

•TSHONG RDAL tshong nor rnams bkram sa. Btsan-lha.

•TSHONG BRDAL grong pa. Btsan-lha.

•TSHONG PA trader, merchant.

•TSHONG SPOGS tshong gi khe spogs. Btsan-lha.

•TSHONG ZONG trade goods, merchandise. Jamspal, Treasury 186.

•TSHONG SRANG grong pa. Btsan-lha.

•TSHOD MA khu ba med pa'i skam tshod. Btsan-lha.

•TSHOD ZHOL tshod ma'i lhag ma. Btsan-lha.

•TSHOD ZUNG to hold in judgement. Mvy. 7028: gang zag gis gang zag tshod ma zung shig; one person must not judge another person.

•TSHOD 'OD TO DPAGS tshod dpag gi brda rnying. Btsan-lha.

•TSHON KAN CHAG This term appears in diagnostics section of the Rgyud-bzhi. Must derive from a Chinese term used in pulse diagnosis, as argued by Dkon-mchog-rgyal-mtshan, On the Proposition that Tibetans Created Tibetan Medicine in Tibet, paper given at 8th IATS, abstract. See Zhen Yan in Schrempf, Soundings, where the Chinese is given as cun-guan-chi (meaning 'inch, gate, foot'), but see especially p. 332, where it is explained (according to F. Meyer) that the three syllables are originally Tibetan names for the three fingers (index, middle and ring, in that order) used in pulse diagnosis (the authors reject this idea). Notice also Elisabeth Hsu, A Hybrid Body Technique: Does the Pulse Diagnostic cun guan chi Method Have Chinese-Tibetan Origins? Gesnerus, vol. 65 (2008), pp. 5-29, where Tibetans are given credit for influencing Chinese pulse-taking practices in the medieval period. Brief discussion in Thuken 338 & note, where Thu'u bkwan gives the 'correct' transcriptions of the Chinese in Tibetan letters as: tshun, bkwan & ṭhi.

•TSHON KONG paint pot. Jackson. Lde'u 290. On paint preparation, see BLKC I 128 ff.

•TSHON GANG = mtshon gang. Chödag. A measurement between the thumb's first joint and the tip of the thumb. Entry in DD. This word is also found with interesting meanings in Bon texts that need to be looked into.

•TSHON GYIS MA BCAL BA tshon gyis kha ma bsgyur ba. Btsan-lha.

•TSHON BRGYAD rab tu byung ba'i gos kha bsgyur du mi rung ba'i tshon brgyad ni / rgya skyegs / leb rgan rtsi / btsod / smag shing rtsi / mthing shing / mtshal / sindhu ra / gur kum rnams so. 600 111.

•TSHON CAN dngul. Btsan-lha.

•TSHON CHEN See rdzogs tshon.

•TSHON 'JEN tshon len pa'am kyug pa. Btsan-lha.

•TSHON GNUR tshon btul ba. Btsan-lha.

•TSHON PO T&BS I 336.

•TSHON MO TA See zha nye.

•TSHON MO STENG OT = zha nye. Also, ga gon. Blaṅ 305.2. Dbus-pa no. 725. zha nye'am zha nye nag po. gsha' tshe'am gsha' dkar. Btsan-lha. = zha nye nag po. Lcang-skya.

•TSHON YIG color notation or color code. Jackson.

•TSHOM spungs pa'i phung po. Btsan-lha.

•TSHOM PA tshom pa ni the tshom me bsdad pa. Dpe-chos 513.

•TSHOM BU'I DKYIL 'KHOR Explained in Nomads 287.

•TSHOM TSHOM braided. Bellezza in RET 29 (2014) 166.

•TSHOMS RNGAMS drag spyod dang 'jigs stangs sogs. Btsan-lha.

•TSHOMS PA the tshom me sdad pa. Btsan-lha.

•TSHOR SKYEN PA tshor ba myur ba'am rig pa sangs po. Btsan-lha. Example of usage in ZC IV 352.

•TSHOR NGAS phog thug che ba. Btsan-lha.

•TSHOR NGAS CHE 367 I 238.

•TSHOR BA [1] Skt. vedanā. feeling, touch, contact. EoB VIII 513-517. [2] intuition. For this meaning specific to Tibetan-language Chan documents, see Kapstein, Assimilation 235 n. 30. May be used as a translation for the Chinese word jue, which means 'awakening, illumination, awareness,' according to Sam van Schaik's blog Early Tibet (entry dated May 15, 2008; also, Nov. 22, 2011, where it is translated 'vivid awareness').

•TSHOR BA LNGA sngar bshad pa gsum gyi steng du yid bde ba dang yid mi bde ba gnyis bsnan pa'o. 600 58.

•TSHOR BA DRUG mig shes su gyur pa'i tshor ba / rna shes su gyur pa'i tshor ba / sna shes su gyur pa'i tshor ba / lce shes su gyur pa'i tshor ba / lus shes su gyur pa'i tshor ba / yid shes su gyur ba'i tshor ba'o. 600 73.

•TSHOR SHUL n. for stone rings, acc. to Bellezza, Divine Dyads 261.

•TSHOL KRO 'tsho rten nam 'tsho thabs 'tshol ba. Btsan-lha.

•TSHOL BZANGS Zhi-byed Coll. I 430.7. The reading is not clear, but from context, it must be for chol zangs.

•TSHOL RYAGS Nishida, TTDD 145.

•TSHOS dye. gekocht (vom Fleisch, Reis, usw.). Kaschewsky2. = rgya skyegs. SS 479.4. See rgya skyags.

•TSHOS KA Zhi-byed Coll. II[?] 189.6-190.1, where it seems to be spelled also as tshod ka.

•TSHOS RDO See (rdo) thal.

•TSHOS PA pf. of 'tshod pa.

•TSHOS GZHI color. Jackson.

•MTSHAG BZANG BA yan lag dang nyin lag sogs rgyas pa. Btsan-lha.

•MTSHANG nyes pa che ba. Gces 586.6. hidden flaws or faults. skyon nam nyes pa che ba. Btsan-lha. For this syllable, in various compounds, see Chödag. gdams pa'i mtshang ma rig na kun gyi gnad myi rtogs. Despite what the dictionaries say, when Phadampa uses the word he doesn't mean 'fault,' but something more like 'true essentials' or 'deep implications.' Zhi-byed Coll. II 239.6. zab mo don gyi mtshang go bas / rnal 'byor pa gsang ba'i mdzod rtol. Ibid. 234.1. Ibid. II 246.5-6. rtsa ba'i mtshang ma rig na sde snod don spyi yin. Ibid. II 278.3. nyams su len ma myong ba'i myis skad cig ma'i mtshang myi shes. Ibid. II 459.2. skad cig ma'i mtshang ma rig na 'gro 'ong myed pa'i don myi rtogs. Ibid. II 460.1. skad cig ma'i mtshang ma rig na / chos bden myed du go yang / rang rgyud pa'i blo myi 'dzad. Ibid. II 462.4. bla ma'i ngo sprod ma thob na / mdo' rgyud stan chos bltas kyang / mtshang myed pas zab mo'i gdam ngag myi go. Ibid. II 463.1. 'khrul pa khong du zhig la mtshang gi gdams pa yod. Ibid. I 321.4. dred po chos rgyus can la gdam ngag gi mtshang myed. Ibid. II 189.1. smyig rgyu'i mtshang shes pas chu'i 'du shes myi skye ba dang 'dra. Zhi-byed Coll. V 273.2. Eimer, Testimonia 34.

•MTSHANG KHAG the pelvic region of the body. Compare mtshang ra, which means the pelvic area. Seen in a medical chart.

•MTSHANG SNGOG skyon 'bru ba. Btsan-lha.

•MTSHANG CAN nyes can. Btsan-lha. shes pa 'khris dang phrel ba mtshang can dong nas thar pa lta bu. Zhi-byed Coll. II 471.3.

•MTSHANG CHE BA nyes pa che ba. Btsan-lha.

•MTSHANG 'DRU BA skyon 'don pa. Btsan-lha.

•MTSHANG RA pelvic area. See DD, where alternative spelling tshang ra is also given.

•MTSHANG LA RGOL BA nyes pa 'don pa. Gces 581.5. nyes pa ther 'don byed pa. Btsan-lha.

•MTSHAN DKOR mtshan legs. Btsan-lha. Lcang-skya.

•MTSHAN MKHAN fortune teller (who checks the body of a child for signs indicating its future). Short for mtshan ltas mkhan po. Skt. vaipañcika (Mvy. 3794), soothsayer. Not a regular Sanskrit word, but used in Buddhist Sanskrit. See Edgerton.

•MTSHAN MKHAN PA rtags mtshan lta mkhan nam rtsis pa. Btsan-lha.

•MTSHAN 'GEBS mtshan mor 'jab rgol byas pa. Btsan-lha.

•MTSHAN NYID KYI GRWA SA Dung-dkar 172.

•MTSHAN NYID BCU 'dul ba nas bshad pa'i gnas kyi bla ma'i mtshan nyid bcu ni / brtan pa / mkhas pa / lus tha mal du gnas pa / sa rang bzhin du gnas pa / snying rje dang ldan pa / bzod pa dang ldan pa / nang gi 'khor dag pa / chos kyis phan 'dogs pa / zang zing gis phan 'dogs pa / dus su gdams ngag 'doms pa rnams so. 600 143. theg pa chen po'i dge ba'i bshes gnyen gyi mtshan nyid bcu ni / lhag pa tshul khrims kyi bslab pas dul ba / lhag pa ting nge 'dzin gyi bslab pas zhi ba / lhag pa shes rab kyi bslab pas nye bar zhi ba / lung gi yon tan gyis phyug pa / stong pa nyid rtogs pa / slob ma las yon tan lhag pa / smra mkhas pa / brtse ba dang ldan pa / brtson 'grus dang ldan pa / skyo ngal spang ba'o. 600 143-144. Gser sbram 383.

•MTSHAN NYID NYI SHU nad kyi mtshan nyid nyi shu. DD 704.

•MTSHAN NYID GSUM kun btags pa'i mtshan nyid / gzhan gyi dbang gi mtshan nyid / yongs su grub pa'i mtshan nyid do. 600 10. An explanation of the positive (path-conducive) 'three marks' as well as the sangsara-conducive 'three marks.' Lo-ras-pa, Gsung-'bum IV 375.1. A careful explanation is found in Ernst Steinkellner, Hindu Doctrines of Creation and Their Buddhist Critiques, contained in: Perry Schmidt-Leukel, ed., Buddhism, Christianity and the Question of Creation, Ashgate (Hants 2006) 28.

•MTSHAN GNYIS lit. two signs. hermaphrodite. Acc. to Rhoton, CD 41, by becoming one the monastic vows are terminated.

•MTSHAN LTAS MKHAN PO See mtshan mkhan.

•MTSHAN THUB Literally, an 'all night lasting' light. In Nomads 269 there is one above the stove, evidently in order to preserve the fire for the next day. It is also a religious practice (known in late 12th century works of Zhang Rin-po-che) to offer butterlamps that will last all night. See also Eimer, NG 221. For Chinese ideas about the ever-burning lamp (Ch. changming-deng), see Kieschnick, Impact 153.

•MTSHAN 'DAS the lapse of a night (indicating the end of a one-day fasting vow). See Rhoton, CD 41.

•MTSHAN NAM night. MTTP.

•MTSHAN SPEL interspersal of elements of a person's name (a way of 'concealing' the name) in a piece of literature. See Rabsal 113.

•MTSHAN BAR RDOL BA OT = mo mtshan gyi nad. Blaṅ 305.1. anal fistula. Yangga's dissert., p. 108.

•MTSHAN DBRAG DD illus. 22.

•MTSHAN MA sign, [defining] mark, characteristic trait. Occasionally having the meaning of 'omen.' definitive. Klong-chen-pa 8.9. rtags. Dbus-pa no. 057. Can also on occasion mean 'unit' [of measurement].

•MTSHAN MA'I BLO mtshan 'dzin gyi shes pa ste bden 'dzin gyi sems dang phyin ci log gi rtog pa sogs so. Gser Sbram 358.

•MTSHAN MO'I MGON PO zla ba'i ming. Gser sbram 383.

•MTSHAN MO'I MDONGS sgron me. Btsan-lha.

•MTSHAN MO'I 'OD See cong zhi.

•MTSHAN MTSHON GZHI GSUM See Kuijp, Treatise 403.

•MTSHAN ZHING mtshan mo'i tshe kha nas me 'bar ba. Btsan-lha.

•MTSHAN BZANG GI BDUN MTHO BA See bdun mtho ba.

•MTSHAN SHAD BTANG mtshan mo'an shar shar btang ba. Btsan-lha.

•MTSHAMS [1] junction, border (in either space or time). [2] corner. [3] in Abhidharma, season (since there are six seasons, may also stand in place of the number 'six'). [4] [the four] intermediate direction[s].

•MTSHAMS SKRA retreat hair. See Benjamin Bogin, The Dreadlocks Treatise: On Tantric Hairstyles in Tibetan Buddhism, History of Religions, vol. 48, no. 2 (2008), pp. 85-109, at p. 108.

•MTSHAMS BSKUM PA mtshams ma bcad pa. Btsan-lha. mtshams bcad pa. Dbus-pa no. 731. = mtshams bcad pa. Lcang-skya.

•MTSHAMS KHANG retreat hut, isolation chamber. See Rolf A. Stein's The World in Miniature, Stanford University Press (Stanford 1990), p. 163.

•MTSHAMS BCAD PA khrims bcad pa. Btsan-lha. In Zhi-byed Coll. II 344.6-7, it seems that ri khrod refers to retreat in the wilderness (where one might enjoy nature), while 'tshams bcad means a walled-in retreat.

•MTSHAMS BCOS mtshams nang rung khang byin gyis ma brlabs par bcos pa'i zas. Btsan-lha.

•MTSHAMS CHEN PO GCAD DO gnod pa chen po bya'o. Btsan-lha.

•MTSHAMS THO Kvaerne, A-khrid 253.

•MTSHAMS SBYAR (in composition) transition or linking passage. Literally it means to join things together at their boundaries. Connection. See discussion in Verhagen, SIBH4 587.

•MTSHAMS SBYOR "sandhi" in Skt. grammar. mtshams sbyor lnga. Vostrikov, Critical 70. Interconnections (of words and topics). Almogi, MA thesis 17.

•MTSHAMS MED LNGA pha bsad pa / ma bsad pa / dgra bcom pa bsad pa / dge 'dun gyi dbyen byas pa / de bzhin gshegs pa la ngan sems kyis khrag phyung ba'o. 600 56. See also nye ba'i mtshams med lnga. Germano, Poetic Thought 818.

•MTSHAMS YAS boundary lines that define the monastic space. Given in Mvy. as equiv. to Skt. sīmā. In Japanese, Kaidān. EoB VI 80; VIII 126-128.

•MTSHAMS G.YOG retreat servant. Havnevik, Dissertation 185.

•MTSHA' gcan gzan 'phar ba. me. gcan gzan gsa'. dred mo. Btsan-lha.

•MTSHA' MES gcan gzan 'phar ba. Btsan-lha.

•MTSHA' LU rta drel sogs rting pa dkar po. dmar po la dkar po'i thig les mtshan pa. khyim bya. Btsan-lha. See bya. bya mtshal bu, OT for bya mtsha' lu. rooster. Bellezza, L&T 62.

•MTSHAL vermillion. vermillion red from cinnabar stone. Anyetsang in TSB 15 (1980) 6. For its use in OT funerals, see Haarh, Yar-luṅ 344. ISTS 41. = nyi ma, lha min bu, taṃ ka na. JD 59. = da chu. YTTM 291.24. SS 408.3. DG 117.4. Gerke, PT 11. Some say vermillion has to be derived from the dried insect kermes. Also called ṭaṃ ka na, kṣhar na. Rin 81, where it is powdered form of cog la ma.

•MTSHAL DKAR DG 117.1. white cinnabar. Gerke, TP 17. Lithargyrum (Massicot), or litharge, a kind of lead oxide used as a pigment. Rin 82.

•MTSHAL SKYA vermillion pink.

•MTSHAL SKYES See dngul chu.

•MTSHAL BCUD See dngul chu.

•MTSHAL CHU See dngul chu.

•MTSHAL THAL SS 531.4.

•MTSHAL MA za ma. Btsan-lha. Tan, Theses 109.

•MTSHAL THANG a thangka in which vermillion color predominates. Jackson. Kreijger, Tibetan Painting 23.

•MTSHAL TSHWA lit., vermillion salt, a type of mineral salt. =bdud rtsi da chu, da chu tshwa. Rin 167.

•MTSHAL LU OT = rting dkar. Blaṅ 303.4. Forming part of the name of a particular horse. Lde'u 305. Probably identical to mtsha' lu, q.v. Perhaps speckled (or mottled) would be the correct translation.

•MTSHAL LU'I RTA buntes Pferd (vgl. Sumatiratna, 615). Kaschewsky2. I believe this means it was mottled, but with the basic background color being white (or the vice versa?).

•MTSHUG BZANG BA OT = nyam rgyas pa. = yan lag dang nying lag rgyas pa. Blaṅ 303.4.

•MTSHUNGS LDAN dge bai sems la dge ba'i sems byung mtshungs par ldan pa.

•MTSHUNGS PAR BYED Skt. samānikā (?). N. of a metre. Hahn, JV 37.

•MTSHUNGS BRAL Skt. vaitulya. Ruegg in JIABS 27 no 1 (2004) 9.

•MTSHUN [paternal] ancestors, ancestral spirits. OT = lha. = pha mes. Blaṅ 295.1. Stein, Tibetica Antiqua I 193-4. Haarh, Yar-luṅ 226. Bellezza in RET 29 (2014) 177, with further refs. pha mes. Bellezza, D&B 131, with much discussion. Dbus-pa no. 520. = pha mes. Lcang-skya. See also Yisun. pha mes. pha mes kyi bla'am lha. Btsan-lha. Discussed in Karmay, Arrow 268.

•MTSHUN GTOR BYED PA gshin po'i ched du bza' btung ster ba. Btsan-lha.

•MTSHUN 'THOR gtor ma. Btsan-lha.

•MTSHUN PA bsod nams. Btsan-lha. Dbus-pa no. 405. Lcang-skya.

•MTSHUN TSHIM BYED PA gtor ma sogs kyi mchod pas tshim par byed pa. Btsan-lha.

•MTSHUN LA ROL BA gtor ma la longs spyod pa. Btsan-lha.

•MTSHUN LHA Stein, Tibetica Antiqua I 194. gshin rje. Btsan-lha.

•MTSHUR [1] a base substance for dying cloth various colors. [2] a clan. Btsan-lha. [3] a special sort of mineral salt. See Simioli, AG 63. Discussion of the various types in ATPP 71.

•MTSHUR NGAS phog thug che ba. Dpe-chos 512.

•MTSHUR MTHONG [1] egocentric person. Skt. arvāgdarśana. [2] I think it means a look back at the world after meditative trance experience.

•MTSHUL Denwood in TH&L 135. = mchu sgros. BBNP 482. mdzes pa. mchu sgros. Btsan-lha.

•MTSHUL PA also spelled mtshul ba. muzzle (area of lips and nose). sha ba'i mtshul pa la rdza phyar na / gzugs sgra dri gyi na yang mthong thos gyi na tshor / mtshul pa dzi la ma byar na de rnams kyi mo rdul / thod pa de la rdzi brno rtul dang mong rags kyi brjod pa dang bral ba'o // 'dir mtshul pa rdzi la phyar na mong brno ba dang 'dra bar tshogs drug yul la 'phros na. Zhi-byed Coll. V 424.7. DD illus. 9. Note the phrase mtshul pa gang in Bellezza in RET 29 (2014) 209.

•MTSHUL BA mtshul ba ni mchu. Dpe-chos 508.

•MTSHUL RTSA DD illus. 4.

•MTSHE [1] a plant with ritual uses, discussed by Karmay in JA (1995) 170. He identifies it as Ephedra sp. TR XIV no. 4, p. 16. Karmay, Arrow 341. Das (an added note reads: "a plant similar to Schachtehelm" [?]). Schachtelhelm is the plant known to myself as the horsetail plant. JD 155. TM IV 60. ephedra. Sihlé in TS9 II 192. Bellezza, L&T 51, with a substantial note on p. 53. Huber in N-T I 278, ff. Huber in FBTB 283 note 16. [2] 'twins' (considered as an inauspicious occurrence, perhaps the birth of 'siamese twins'). Norbu, Drung 260, n. 25.

•MTSHE'U diminutive of mtsho, therefore meaning pond. khong rang gi pho brang gi mdun na mtshe'u zhig yod pa'i nang nas srog chags sbrul zhig tu skyes nas 'dug skad. 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001) X 555.1.

•MTSHE LDUM SS 482.6. = mtshe. TM IV 60. Ephedra saxatilis. TDD 72.

•MTSHE MI ephedra man. Huber in FBTB 282.

•MTSHE GZUGS phru gu mtshe ma. Btsan-lha.

•MTSHED shi dur gyi mchod pa. Btsan-lha.

•MTSHER SKYONG DG 142.3.

•MTSHER NAD SRZT 81.

•MTSHER BA las ka byed par mi spro ba dang skyo ba. Btsan-lha. = mcher ba.

•MTSHO SKYONG SS 532.6.

•MTSHO RTA Aris, Discourse 74 n. 100.

•MTSHO DRUG sbrang rtsi dang / mar dang / zho dang / 'o ma dang / chu dang / chang gi mtsho rnams so. 600 71.

•MTSHO RDE'U DG 138.3.

•MTSHO LDAN MA 1. dbyangs can ma. 2. ljon shing dzā ba ka. Blaṅ 530.

•MTSHO BYED 1. zla ba. 2. me. 3. chu. 4. me lha. 5. gza' lhag. 6. phur bu. 7. sman pa. 8. sman. Blaṅ 530.

•MTSHO BRAN Skt. hrada. A small lake. Misspelled mdzo bran and mdzo phran in Mvy. 4174. For metaphoric usage, see Wayman, BI 131.

•MTSHO MO DAL CHEN TS6 131.

•MTSHO SMAN Stein, Tibetica Antiqua I 201.

•MTSHO TSHWA Rin 152, where it is identified as sea salt, although said to occur together with muck.

•MTSHO RDZAS lake offerings. Huber, Pure Crystal 118. Bellezza, Divine Dyads 126, 147, etc.

•MTSHO RO Bellezza, L&T 93, which says it is a synonym for turquoise.

•MTSHO LUG lake sheep. BA 1029.

•MTSHOGS MA = mtshog ma. opening at the top of a baby's skull. DD illus. 11. = tshogs pa.

•MTSHON a unit of measure. See TM IV 113. indication, signification, symbol, exemplification; as far as [so-&-so, or such-&-such] is concerned.

•MTSHON KAR BKYE mtshon khar bkye. Btsan-lha.

•MTSHON GANG mthe bong gi rked tshigs yan. Btsan-lha. Chödag.

•MTSHON CHA SGROGS PAR BYED Skt. praharaṇakalitā. N. of a metre. Hahn, JV 39.

•MTSHON CHA RNON PO See (rgya) tsha.

•MTSHON MA sa mkhan nam ded dpon. Btsan-lha. Perhaps it means a 'tracker' (as someone who follows the signs).

•MTSHON LA 'DREN PA (grongs pa). zu Tode bringen. Kaschewsky2.

•MTSHON SRUNG weapon protection (amulet). Pabongka, Liberation II 238.

•'TSHAG 'dzom pa dang gsog pa dang 'dzem pa dang gnyer ba dang rgyas pa sogs. mdangs bzang ba'am nyams rgyas pa'am yan lag dang nying lag rgyas pa sogs. Btsan-lha.

•'TSHANG Possible spelling for mtshang, q.v.

•'TSHANG KHA a crowd, throng.

•'TSHANG RGYA BA present and future verbal form of sangs rgyas, 'Buddha.'

•'TSHANG RA See Jaeschke. See tshang ra.

•'TSHAN KHA RGYAB PA to make an assault, to storm. Sources.

•'TSHAB BE 'TSHUB BE carelessly. Soundings 30.

•'TSHABS SHA brel 'tshub. Btsan-lha.

•'TSHAM RNGAM 'jigs shing 'tshabs pa. Btsan-lha.

•'TSHA' 'dzoms pa. Btsan-lha.

•'TSHAR BA lus longs pa dang cher skye ba'am 'phel ba dang skyen thon pa. Btsan-lha.

•'TSHAR BU 'tshar bu dang 'dam bu'i dpe. Dgongs-gcig (1990) 143.7.

•'TSHAL OT = shes pa. = mchog pa. = 'dod pa. = zhen. Blaṅ 303.4, 516.5. Kuijp in JAOS 111, p. 100. = shes pa, = chog pa, = 'dod pa, = dgos. BBNP 473. shes pa. 'dod pa. za ba. dgos pa. Btsan-lha. dbyangs can dga' blos lam rim chen mo'i brda bkrol las / 'tshal zhes pa ni brda rnying ste / shes pa dang / chog pa dang / 'dod pa dang / dgos pa dang / za ba dang / bgyi ba dang / bya ba sogs la skabs thob kyis shes dgos so zhes gsungs pa ltar 'dir bgyi ba'am bya ba la 'jug go. Gser Sbram 92.

•'TSHAL RNGAM 'jigs shing 'tshabs pa dang / 'jigs phud pa'i stangs ka. Btsan-lha.

•'TSHAL TO COG yod do cog gam gang yod thams cad. Btsan-lha.

•'TSHAL BA spyir 'tshal ba ni 'dod pa dang shes pa dang dgos pa dang bya ba de dang de bgyi ba sogs mang por 'jug pas skabs thob kyis shes dgos so. Dpe-chos 507. shes pa'am rtogs pa dang zhen pa dang 'chad pa dang byed pa dang za ba dang tshims pa sogs. Btsan-lha.

•'TSHAL MA OT = zas. = lto. Blaṅ 303.4. Btsan-lha.

•'TSHAL MA NAR MA rgyun pa'i kha zas. Btsan-lha.

•'TSHAL MA 'TSHAL BA OT = zan za ba. Blaṅ 306.1. gzan za ba. Btsan-lha. = zas za ba. Lcang-skya.

•'TSHAL MA MI 'TSHAL zas mi za. Btsan-lha.

•'TSHAL BSTSAL zas sbyin pa'am kha lag btang ba. Btsan-lha.

•'TSHAS TSHER See star bu.

•'TSHIG get burned. metaphorically: to get angry, become sexually aroused.

•'TSHIM ZHU rmog. Btsan-lha.

•'TSHIR BA compare btsir.

•'TSHUB 'evil.' Kuijp, Rivers 312.

•'TSHUB MA rlung nag 'tshub ma rtsub po. duststorm, cyclone. The term 'tshub nag occurs in Lde'u 302.

•'TSHUB LHONGS 'tshub cha gegs bar chad kyi rtsub cha. Btsan-lha.

•'TSHUMS PA sems brtse zhing dungs pa. Btsan-lha.

•'TSHUR a clan. Btsan-lha.

•'TSHUR NGAS phog thug che ba. Btsan-lha.

•'TSHUS zas. Btsan-lha.

•'TSHEG PA = 'jig pa. Lcang-skya.

•'TSHEGS PA gshegs pa. Dbus-pa no. 689.

•'TSHENG ngoms. Gces 587.1. tshim pa dang dga' ba dang rgyal ba sogs. Btsan-lha. sgrub pa po chung ma blangs pa la 'tshengs pa yod myi srid de. Zhi-byed Coll. IV 121.4. tshe 'dir zad par byed pa yin te / 'tshengs pa yin gsung. Zhi-byed Coll. II 310.7. bsgrub pa nyams su blangs pa'i mi la ma 'tshengs pa mi 'ong. Zhi-byed Coll. IV 53.7.

•'TSHED SHING me shing. Btsan-lha.

•'TSHEM THANG a type of slit-cloth thang ka, with the cloth sewn together with embroidery stitches. Most were products of Chinese seamsters. See the art history by Dkon-mchog-bstan-'dzin, Bzo-gnas 134-5. See under tshem drub ma.

•'TSHEM PA = rmog. Lcang-skya.

•'TSHEM ZHU rmog. Btsan-lha.

•'TSHEMS zhen pa'am 'dzems pa. Btsan-lha.

•'TSHER Argument for it meaning a not only a protective covering, but specifically armor; see Bellezza in RET 29 (2014) 186. See tsher. See mi 'tsher ba.

•'TSHER SNANG dislike, uneasiness.

•'TSHER PA spleen. Also spelled mtsher pa, mcher pa. The literary spelling is usually mcher pa.

•'TSHER BA bag 'khums pa. 'bar ba'am bkrag thon pa. Btsan-lha.

•'TSHO SKYONG nor gyi rdzi'u byed pa'i ming. Utpal 29.2.

•'TSHO RTEN 'tsho ba'i gzhi rten. Nomads 247.

•'TSHO THAL 'DANG BA 'tsho zas 'dang ba. Btsan-lha.

•'TSHO THAL LDANG BA srog 'tsho ba'i phye rtsam 'dang ba. Dpe-chos 505.

•'TSHO NAM so nam. Btsan-lha.

•'TSHO BA PA slong mo ba'am 'tsho mkhan. mu stegs gcer bu pa. Btsan-lha.

•'TSHO BA'I YO BYAD BCU GSUM dge slong gi 'tsho ba'i yo byad bcu gsum ni / snam sbyar dang / bla gos dang / mthang gos dang / sham thabs dang / sham thabs kyi gzan dang / rngul gzan dang / rngul gzan gyi gzan dang / gdong phyis dang / rnag gzan dang / g.yan pa dgab pa dang / skra gzed dang / gding ba dang / dbyar gyi gos ras chen rnams so. 600 177-178.

•'TSHO BA'I SHING See sing lding.

•'TSHO BA GSUM The 'three preservers.' Generally when they are exhausted, medical treatment is ineffective and death is inevitable. 1) lifespan. 2) merit from good actions. 3) karma. Das.

•'TSHO BYED See tsan dan dmar po.

•'TSHO TSHIS so nam byed pa'am 'tsho skyong. Btsan-lha.

•'TSHOG brdeg pa dang brdung ba. Btsan-lha. bu smad 'tshog pa tha shal yin [He who beats his wife and kids is lowdown.] CP 1.3.

•'TSHOG CHAS yo byad dam nyer mkho'i yo byad. Btsan-lha. necessities for life. Kramer, rNgog 77, 90.

•'TSHOG PA = gshegs pa. Lcang-skya. See under gdong du 'tshog pa.

•'TSHOGS PA gshegs pa. skabs 'gar sha g.yos pa.

•'TSHOD = ta. YTTM 292.19.

•'TSHOB PA 'jal ba dang gsob pa. Btsan-lha.

•'TSHOL GRO sog 'tsho rten nam 'tsho thabs 'tshol ba. Btsan-lha.

•'TSHOS PA to have intercourse. Karmay, Treasury. 'tsho ba skyel ba'am 'khrig pa. sprad pa. Btsan-lha. Dotson, D&L 42. Since it etymologically connects to 'tsho ba, with meaning of 'nurturing,' 'sustaining' or 'restoring' life, I suggest a less harsh alternative to translating it as intercourse or copulation, especially since the deities do it, too, and they can climax at a glance or a touch. I suggest 'generate new life,' 'make life' or 'give new life.'

*DZA*

•DZA This is a seed syllable of Jambhala, and magical symbol of wealth therefore. The Tibetan letter even occurs on some Chagatai coins. And it appears eight times on the lotus petals of the Pho 'khor mo 'khor used as a sacral deposit for stupas and images...

•DZWA = btso. 'bomb.' Karmay, Treasury. Has other spellings, including btso, tswo, dzo, etc.

•DZA GAD sman btab pa'i chang phud dang sha phud. chang. Btsan-lha. Spelled dza ga ta in Thuken 445 n. 641. Although it appears to be Indic, I have no idea what the Skt. ought to be.

•DZĀ DNGUL RKYAL PO'I SBYOR BA a medicinal preparation. BP 230.5.

•DZĀ TI = sna ma'i 'bras bu. JD 73. nutmeg. LW 470, Dhongthog. Clifford, list. = li shi pir. YTTM 291.14. a tree. SS 417.2. TM I 50. DG 147.4, 208.5. Fundamentals 15.3 (item 16): From Skt. jāti or jātī, which may refer to nutmeg (or mace) or jasmine. See Mvy. 5811, according to which spos kyi rgyal po, lig shi ber, ma li ga shi bor, all refer to nutmeg, in Skt. jātīphala. Mace is the powdered version of the soft inner part of the husk of the nutmeg (see Hobson-Jobson, entry for 'mace'). Wangchuk, Bioactive 26. (Surely mistakenly) identified as ground cardamom in Arch. of TB 43.

•DZĀ TI DGU SBYOR BP 213.3.

•DZĀ TI LNGA PA BT 17v.1.

•DZĀ TI BCU BZHI BP 112.3.

•DZĀ TI NYER LNGA BP 121.3.

•DZA TI RĀ GA DG 82.4.

•DZA TI LA See spang spos.

•DZĀ TI RU PA DG 85.5.

•DZĀ TRI KA Bell flower. Campanula sp. TDD 34.

•DZA DU See rgya skyags.

•DZA YI PHA LA See dan rog.

•DZA BA Skt. javā, meaning a kind of red flower. Some Tibetans took it to mean mdza' ba, 'beloved friend.' Rhoton, CD 171.

•DZA MU RA See dre'u.

•DZA DZA byon byon / tshur 'gugs 'gugs. 367 II 129.1.

•DZA WO SHING mdzo mo shing. Also spelled dza bo shing. Btsan-lha.

•DZA YA See shu dag dkar po.

•DZA YA CAN rgyal ba can. Btsan-lha. dza ya 'di legs sbyar yin / bod skad la rgyal ba des / rgyal ba can zer pa rgya gar gyi slob dpon zhig gi mtshan du grags. Dalai Lama VII, Yig.

•DZA RAG dngos po spyi. mchod rdzas. rdza bum dang dngul gyi dam be sogs. Btsan-lha.

•DZA RAB snod bum. mi ya rabs. Btsan-lha.

•DZA RAS gtum po. dred po. blo ngan. bya ba spyi dang bye brag gdug rtsub. Btsan-lha.

•DZA RI KA KP1 139. KP3 292.7.

•DZA RE DZO RE [deriv. from dzor, to be dirty] = dzar dzor. messily. Soundings 26.

•DZA LA extra fireplace for heating purposes. Dargyay, TVC 14.

•DZA LA DKAR PO See srin shing sna ma.

•DZA LA DZA DG 97.1.

•DZA LANG coarse actions, bad habits. dza lang 'gyu byed mkhan gyi rnam rtog 'di. 601 10r.6 (also, 38r.4).

•DZA LANG NGE dza lang nge 'khyus nas 'gro ste ni tsab lang lang byas nas gcus te 'gro zer ba yin nam. Dpe-chos 510. tsub lang ba. Btsan-lha.

•DZA HA NA KP1 21.4. = phug shud mig sman.

•DZA HA RA MU RA See khyung skyugs.

•DZA HONG OT = btsod mdog. Blaṅ 301.5.

•DZAN TA See rgya skyags.

•DZI BAN DHA See rgya sme.

•DZI BAN BRIKṢA See sing ldeng.

•DZI BYED TA See skyer pa.

•DZIG a 'secret' way of saying 'four,' used by gamblers. Norbu, Drung 229, n. 65.

•DZIG MGO PA TRA A Tibetanized borrowing of Skt. Cipaṭa, a monstrous looking face used as a decorative element on the capitals of Tibetan temple pillars. The more correct way of spelling would be Tsi pa ṭa. Following is a quote from a forthcoming work of mine: "Rdzi 'go pa thra, Dzig mgo pa tra, Rtsi par and Ci mi 'dra [chimera?], probably all derived from the original Tibetan Tsi pa ṭa, a loanword from Sanskrit Cipaṭa, which means 'flat-nosed' (but note also gzi gdong, 'splendorous face,' which may be a direct translation of Kīrti-mukha)." Another spelling is 'dzi par, q.v. Bellezza understands tsi par, or tsi pir, to mean "giant clam decorations." ZZFC 240 (pir, q.v., might in truth mean a kind of sea monster). Spelled tsi 'go'i pa tra in BLKC I 387.

•DZU LANG SA KI See dpa' rgod.

•DZUS jadeite, a semi-precious stone, the name apparently a borrowing from Chinese (in modern times?). Rin 22.

•DZO KA KAṂ See a ka ru.

•DZO GI This Tibetan way of writing yogin discussed in Dge-'dun-chos-'phel-gyi Gsung-rtsom (1990) I 267.

•DZO TI SMA TI Simioli, AG 64.

•DZO HA a type of large seafaring vessel. See Aris, Discourse 59.

•DZHAI KSHIM See under zi khyim.

•DZHYO See tsi tra ka.

•MDZAD MKHYON RLABS CHE BA extemsive sphere of action, far-ranging endeavours. Sources.

•MDZAD CHEN BZHI rje rin po che'i mdzad chen bzhi ni / dga' ldan gyi dkyil 'khor sgrub mchod / rdzing phyi'i byams pa zhig gsos / lha sar cho 'phrul smon lam / gnyal gyi lung rwa chen mo rnams so. 600 50-51.

•MDZAD PA BCU GNYIS rgyal ba'i mdzad pa bcu gnyis ni / dga' ldan gyi gnas nas 'pho ba dang / sku bltams pa dang / btsun mo'i 'khor gyis rol ba dang / bzo yi gnas la mkhas pa dang / khyim nas mngon par byung ba dang / dka' ba spyad pa dang / byang chub snying por gshegs pa dang / bdud sde bcom pa dang / mngon par byang chub dang / chos kyi 'khor lo bskyor ba dang / mya ngan las 'das pa'i mdzad pa rnams so. 600 170.

•MDZAD SROL way[s] of conduct. In Lde'u 252, it would seem to refer to the whole system of administration used by Srong-btsan-sgam-po.

•MDZA' GAD chang phud. Compare dza gad. Btsan-lha.

•MDZA' SDE grogs po. Btsan-lha.

•MDZA' NA MO snying nye ba'am yang na bgrod bya bud med. Btsan-lha. innamorata, 'woman in love.'

•MDZAR BA byes su 'gro ba'i rgyags. Btsan-lha.

•MDZU GU = mdzub mo. "toe, finger." Kuijp (1986) 35.

•MDZUD Vitali, Tho.ling 72.

•MDZUB GANG GI TSHAD A bazaar measurement from tip of index finger to base of thumb. Waddell, Lhasa 354.

•MDZUB MO index finger. Lde'u 242.

•MDZE CAN See ru rta.

•MDZE 'JOMS See so ma ra dza.

•MDZE LDUM BKRA SHIS Saxifrage. Chrysosplenium sp. TDD 46.

•MDZE NAD 'go ba'i rang bzhin can gyi pags nad drag po zhig. Dag-yig. Text 25, 44, 46, 48, 84. See discussion in Roberts, Rechungpa 104-5.

•MDZE PO tshe phyi ma'i chos ni ma byas mdze po dang khyad ci yod gsung. "Not practicing the dharma of future lives they are no different than lepers." Zhi-byed Coll. II 230.7 (later Dam pa says, A leper is comfortable in his own way.) dper na mdze po'i lag nas byung ba'i khyung sgrub ste (like a garuda sadhana from the hand of a leper; a similar simile in Zhang's works). Zhi-byed Coll. V 246.3.

•MDZE TSHWA SS 431.4. A kind of mineral salt that forms in cracks in rocks and is found in mines. Rin 157.

•MDZER PA Or, sha 'dzer pa. wart. Dhongthog.

•MDZER BA SRZT 105.

•MDZER BU shing mdzer. sha mdzer chung ngu. Btsan-lha.

•MDZES PA [1] beautiful. [2] Skt. sundara (?). N. of a metre. Hahn, JV 39. [3] Skt. rucirā. N. of still another metre. Hahn, JV 39. [4] polite, gracious. Jamspal, Treasury 162. commendable, brilliant. Hahn, TSD 10. [5] taking, grasping. len pa. Dbus-pa no. 656.

•MDZES SBYIN See a ka ru.

•MDZES MA Skt. rucirā. N. of a metre. Hahn, JV 40. Skt. tanvī. N. of another metre. Hahn, JV 40.

•MDZO JD 243.

•MDZO RGOD = sri ma ra, ba lang nog can, lkog shal can. JD 235.

•MDZO SNA See glo ba mdzo sna. DD illus. 2, 19. anterior pulmonary lobe of the lungs. Yangga's dissert., p. 286.

•MDZO PHRAN Alternative sp. mdzo bran. This is a mistake for mtsho bran, q.v.

•MDZO MO T&BS I 339.

•MDZO MO SHING JD 112. = bod kyi tsan dan, glang shing. YTTM 293.2. SS 481.4. LW 516. = mdzo tsher, kho tho, a la kha su, khyi rnga spyang cher. DG 229.3. Caragana jubata. Wangchuk, Bioactive 24.

•MDZO TSHA JD 67.

•MDZO TSHER See mdzo mo shing.

•MDZOD PU dpral ba'i spu. mdzod spu. Btsan-lha.

•MDZOD PHUG The name of the famous cosmological work of Bon, which exists in a largely bilingual Tibetan-Zhang-zhung edition. I justify the understanding that it means 'innermost treasury' on the understanding that the correct spelling is Mdzod-phugs. For a usage, see Zhi-byed Coll. II 431.6: nyams myong gi mdzod phugs long gtam gyi khrom la ma ston. Do not display the innermost treasury of your meditative experience in the marketplace of frivolous conversations. Lha tho tho ri gnyan btsan didn't know what to do with the Secret Helpers, so he placed them in the innermost treasury (mdzod phugs su bzhag te). See HS XXXVI 347.4.

•MDZOD MIG storeroom.

•MDZOD SHE See under Kha btags. Tucci, Lhasa 74.

•MDZOD GSUM Sinitic vocab. for sde snod gsum. Stein, Tibetica Antiqua I 163.

•MDZOL BU rnyong. gal. smad 'tshong ma'i bu. Btsan-lha.

•'DZAG gsher khu'i rigs mar 'bab pa'i don te: lus nas rngul chu 'dzag lta bu. Dag-yig.

•'DZAG GCOD NYI ZLA ZUNG SBYOR a medicinal preparation. Prescriptions 104. Lag-len 74.5.

•'DZAGS PA zag pa. Btsan-lha.

•'DZANG BA za ba. Btsan-lha.

•'DZANGS PA dpa' ba. ya rabs. Btsan-lha.

•'DZAD PA zad pa. skyon lhad btang ba. Btsan-lha.

•'DZAN DKA' OT = sbyor dka' Blaṅ 286.5. Btsan-lha. Lcang-skya.

•'DZAN PHO bgrod byed skyes pa. Also spelled mdzan pho. Compare 'dzon bo. Btsan-lha. bgrod byed ['travel maker,' male]. Dbus-pa no. 319. = bgrod byed. Lcang-skya.

•'DZAN MO OT = bgrod bya ste bud med. Skt. viśya. Blaṅ 293.1. Also spelled mdzan mo. Btsan-lha. bgrod bya [the one travelled, the female]. Dbus-pa no. 316. = bgrod bya. Lcang-skya.

•'DZAB [1] OT deriv. from Skt. dza pa OR dza bhi (i.e., jāpa, jāpin). = bzlas pa. Blaṅ 309.2. bzlos pa'am bsnyen pa bgrang ba. Btsan-lha. = sngags bsnyen grogs byed ming. Lcang-skya. [2] desire. 'dod pa. Dbus-pa no. 074.

•'DZAB GLU sngags bzlas pa. Btsan-lha.

•'DZAB BZLAS sngags bzlas pa. Btsan-lha.

•'DZAM GLING NOR PHYED a medicinal preparation. BP 256.1.

•'DZAM GLING 'BRUG SGRA a medicinal preparation. BP 232.3.

•'DZAM BU Skt. jambu. See Dominik Wujastyk's article entitled "Jambudvîpa: Apples or Plums?" where it concluded that this is not in fact the rose-apple tree (Eugenia ambos, or Syzygium jambos), but the black plum tree (Eugenia jambolana, or Syzygium cumini).

•'DZAM BU'I GRIB MA G. Schopen, Taking the Bodhisattva into Town, East and West, 55 (2005) 301.

•'DZAM BU TI BA zas zhim po. Btsan-lha.

•'DZAM BHI RA KP3 346.6. KP4 577.2.

•'DZAR BA = mdza' ba. Lcang-skya. = kha zas. = mdza' ba. BBNP 484. zas. byes la 'gro ba'i rgyags. chang spags. Btsan-lha. See phyugs rdzi'i 'dzar ba.

•'DZI CHUNG yul gyi ming. Nomads 247.

•'DZI PAR The strange cat-like face carved on the capitals of pillars. Alexander, Temples 83, 319.

•'DZI BU KA See bul tog.

•'DZING BA T&BS I 328.

•'DZING RA = 'jigs ra. = 'thab ra. battle-fence, stockade. Sources.

•'DZINGS PA Namdak.

•'DZID do po'i snon ma. 'dzin pa'am 'chang ba. Btsan-lha.

•'DZIN KA sbyor dka'. Dbus-pa no. 083.

•'DZIN KHRI chu srin gyi ming gi rnam grangs. Gser Sbram 298. 'khor ba'i rgya mtsho sdug bsngal chu srin 'dzin khris gang ba las. 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001) IV 69.3.

•'DZIN CHA [1] a [subjective] 'hold' on something. Sometimes translated as 'grasping aspect' (of some subjectivity or another). [2] the part of the disk of sun or moon that has been eclipsed.

•'DZIN STANGS habit-pattern, posture, habitual notion. Skt. miṣṭi. Thurman. It literally means 'modes of grasping' or 'modes of taking care' and may be either positive or negative. According to Jinpa, 'mode of apprehension' (although that isn't precisely it). I think it might have the sense of [philosophical or theoretic] stance. Customary outlook.

•'DZIN THO list of receipts, account. Sources.

•'DZIN MA 1. chung ma. 2. sa gzhi. 3. ma ma. Blaṅ 531.

•'DZIN BRTSOD Streit, Kampf.

•'DZIB zipper. Jamyang Norbu, "Newspeak & New Tibet."

•'DZIR BA 'dzag pa'am zags pa. Btsan-lha.

•'DZIR LANG DANG 'DZUR LANG 'khrug pa. Btsan-lha.

•'DZUNGS PA ser sna can. Btsan-lha.

•'DZU BA 'jem pa [expert]. Dbus-pa no. 108.

•'DZUD PA 'jug pa dang btsud pa. Btsan-lha.

•'DZUB DKRIS (Dbus,Gtsang) = sor gdug. ring. MTTP.

•'DZUB MO mdzub mo. Btsan-lha.

•'DZUB WANG WANG 'dzum dmul dmul dgod pa'i rnam 'gyur. Btsan-lha.

•'DZUM generally this means a smile, but without the mouth opened, noting that 'dzum is related to verbal forms btsum, tshum. It may in some contexts be used for the winking or squinting of the eyes or the closing of flowers.

•'DZUM DKAR In MTBSC 97, simply translated as 'beaming,' but 'bright smiles' on p. 98.

•'DZUM DRUG Tiger. Kaschewsky2. I'm not sure why the tiger is called 'six snickers,' but I can imagine.

•'DZUM PA'I BZHIN RAS Gser Sbram 399. This means smiling somewhat (with lips closed), while gad mo means ordinary laughter, and rgod pa means laughing very loudly and wildly.

•'DZUM BU LTAG DGYE SRZT 60.

•'DZUM MU LE Samdo A VI 182r.1. JV says it means "as if to break out into laughter."

•'DZUR BA make way (yield, give right-of-way), shy away, shun, try to avoid meeting. 'dzur med hor khral che ba. 367 I 238. gang dang phrad kyang lam du 'dzur. whoever they encounter on the road, they turn away. Zhi-byed Coll. II 174.6. turning aside. Jamspal, Treasury 41.

•'DZE TA'I TSHAL rgyal byed tshal. Btsan-lha.

•'DZEG PA [1] encounter, meet. 'phrad pa. Btsan-lha. [2] climb. [3] mod. emphemism for sex.

•'DZEG RAN A mammal. See Sandberg, Tibet 298. a kind of antelope. LW 496.

•'DZEGS PA phrad pa. Lcang-skya.

•'DZENG [1] granite. Rin 133. A stone used in medicine. sman la 'gro ba'i rdo shig. Btsan-lha. DG 137.6. [2] a clan. Btsan-lha.

•'DZENG SNGON blue granite. Rin 134.

•'DZED PA [present form of] bzed pa. Lcang-skya. To hold forth a vessel for filling [with something].

•'DZED ZHAL mchil ma'i snod dam lud phor ram bzed zhal. Btsan-lha.

•'DZEN Eimer, Testimonia 37.

•'DZEM PA to be reluctant about, shrink back from, shun.

•'DZER zer ba. Btsan-lha.

•'DZER GAG gtam bshad chad pa'am skad 'gag pa. Btsan-lha.

•'DZER TO OT = zer to. Blaṅ 298.4. smras so. Dbus-pa no. 566. smras so. Lcang-skya.

•'DZER DOG MED PA kun tu bnod pa med pa. Btsan-lha.

•'DZER PA mdzer pa. Btsan-lha. smras pa. Dbus-pa no. 216.

•'DZER PO hoarse. Beyer, CT Lang 101.

•'DZER BA to be hoarse. zer ba. dbyangs kyi khyad par. Btsan-lha. OT = smras pa. = zer ba. Blaṅ 289.5. Also, to load, (regional) to pierce.

•'DZER BU a wooden peg or a very small metal nail.

•'DZER MA (Amdo, Khams) = shing 'dzer. knots formed in the trunk by the branches of a tree. MTTP.

•'DZER 'DZER mya ngan. Btsan-lha.

•'DZEL ? spyan yangs nas spyan la shing 'dzel zug pas. Zhi-byed Coll. II 113.3.

•'DZO RI BA g.yu 'dzo ri ba.

•'DZOG MGO TSAM che chung khu tshur tsam. Btsan-lha.

•'DZOD TSHE cog tse. Btsan-lha.

•'DZON BO OT = bgrod byed de skyes pa. Blaṅ 293.1.

•'DZOMS PA (Khams) ancient variant of the name sgrung-mkhan, storyteller, whose profession is to narrate fables. He put a square cap on his head and takes a little flag fastened to an arrow with silk ribbons of five different colors in his hands. Tells stories of Gesar & recites benedictions.

•RDZA See rdza ma.

•RDZA MKHAN potter. For an extended pottery-making metaphor, see Thuken 206.

•RDZA RNGA rnga zlum mam sgo nga'i rtse gnyis bcad pa ltar gyi rnga. Btsan-lha. The Indian tabour drum, is here described as shaped like an egg with its two tips levelled off. As Roberts, King, explains, it is in Skt. m®daṅga, played horizontally, rounded outward in the middle with one end larger than the other.

•RDZA CHAB SIL MO rdza yi chu. Nomads 247.

•RDZA SPANG rocky & grassy uplands. MTTP.

•RDZA PHUNG rdza rdo'i phung po. Nomads 247.

•RDZA BOR In one ms. appears as rdza phor can bzhin du, explained in BBNP 478.

•RDZA BRA A mammal. See Sandberg, Tibet 295.

•RDZA MA clay. so ma btang ba'i rdza ni chu la reg pas 'jig. Zhi-byed Coll. I 311.6.

•RDZA MA'I BU RDZI clay baby sitter. rdza ma'i bu rdzi — ngag sgron mar / rdzi phyogs rdza ma'i [61r4] bu rdzi dang / zhes pas / rdza ma zhes pa chang blug pa'i them bu can la zer / skabs thob kyis khog ma la yang 'jug / 'i ni drug sgra / lug 'tsho mkhan la lug rdzi zer ba ltar bu chung nyar tshags byed mkhan la bu rdzi zer ro. Dalai Lama VII, Yig.

•RDZA RA A mammal. See Sandberg, Tibet 295. a kind of hedgehog. LW 496. a kind of rat that lives in ditches. Waddell in Indian Antiquary 25 (1896) 106.

•RDZA RI Dagyab. rdo mang du 'dus pa'i ri. Nomads 248.

•RDZAB BI RDZUB BI fraudulently. Soundings 30.

•RDZAB BE RDZOB BE deceitfully. Soundings 30.

•RDZAB YA'I PHOR PA The usual Tibetan covered teacup, illus. in Yisun. Called rdzab phor in BLKC I 377.

•RDZAB LA SPYIL MO NYUG PA 'dam rdzab la lus 'gred thabs su 'khyil ba. Btsan-lha.

•RDZAS stuff, chemical. = rgyu. Notwendigkeit, zu rufen. ZAS VII 474.

•RDZAS GRUB substantiated.

•RDZAS KYIS BSGRUBS PA NA BZHUGS PA gtsug lag khang na bzhugs pa. Btsan-lha.

•RDZAS RGYUN material continuity (like the clay of a cup), as distinguished from rigs 'dra'i rgyun, 'type continuity' (like the cuphood of the cup). Jinpa. These terms are important for Dharmakīrti, but perhaps for others as well.

•RDZAS CHEN BCO BRGYAD SBYOR BA a medicinal preparation. BP 387.5. BP(?) 260.6.

•RDZAS KYI PHYAG RDOR See (rdzas kyi) phyag rdor.

•RDZAS KYI BLA rgyu rdzas. khang pa skyong mkhan. zhal ta pa. Btsan-lha.

•RDZAS YOD BZHI rigs pas grub pa'i rdzas yod / brtan pa mi 'gyur ba'i rdzas yod / don byed nus pa'i rdzas yod / rang rkya thub pa'i rdzas yod do. 600 32-33.

•RDZAS SO DRUG See under mi gtsang ba'i rdzas so drug.

•RDZAS SRUNG SKOR a medicinal preparation. Prescriptions 115. Lag-len 84.1.

•RDZI [1] herder. [2] OT = rlung. Blaṅ 299.6. Lcang-skya. Btsan-lha. Yisun. bya byed mang po log pa'i rdzi sbud [~rlung sbud] kyi. 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001) IV 13.5. [3] ? This syllable used to mean something else in Zhi-byed Coll. V 415.1 ff.

•RDZI'U phru ba / 'bras thag gi phru ba bre bcu lhag btsor btub pa'i rdzi'u / rdza ma chung ngu la rdzi'u dang de'i nang du 'bras btsos pa la rdzi'u tshos zer. See 367 II 130.1 ff. A small clay (rdza) vessel. Dagyab. See BBNP 477, where the phrase rdzi'u tshos sum brgya'i kha zas is explained.

•RDZI KHYIM Vitali, Tho.ling 68. See under zi khyim.

•RDZI GU Viehhüter. Kaschewsky2.

•RDZI CHAR rlung char 'dres ma. Btsan-lha.

•RDZI PHYOGS rlung rgyu ba'i phyogs. Btsan-lha.

•RDZI 'PHRIG rlung 'bus pa. Gces 589.3. Btsan-lha.

•RDZI BA press down, knead together.

•RDZI MA [1] A part of a loom. See Dag-yig 325. [2] eyelash. Haarh, Yar-luṅ. DD illus. 28.

•RDZI MED ngo tsha med pa. dri tshor byed med pa. spyang po med pa. Btsan-lha.

•RDZI RA RY gives this as meaning anise, but I believe this is a new Indic form for jeera, meaning not anise, but black cumin.

•RDZI RIG sna rdzis tshor ba'am don gnad zur tsam go ba. Btsan-lha.

•RDZI LANGS mo phyugs sogs 'khor gyi yod pa. Btsan-lha.

•RDZI LANGS PA glang mo che chags pa 'phel ba'i skabs su dri nges can byung ba'o. Gser Sbram 11.

•RDZI GSANG MA BYUNG BA rig pa gsal po byed ma thub pa. Btsan-lha.

•RDZIG PO (Khams) wonderful, handsome. MTTP.

•RDZIG SPAM phyi nang mi mtshungs pa'o spom yor. Btsan-lha.

•RDZING MNAN PA rdzing la chu bskyil ba. Dpe-chos 516. Btsan-lha.

•RDZING BU bcos pa'i mtshe'u. Btsan-lha.

•RDZING DBOL rdzing bu rgya che ba'am rdzing bu rdol ba. Btsan-lha.

•RDZI'U rdza ma chung ba. rdzi bo chung ba. Btsan-lha.

•RDZI'U TSHOS rdza ma chung ba'i nang du 'bras sogs btsos pa. Btsan-lha.

•RDZIB RDZIB See bying bying thu lu.

•RDZU 'PHRUL Stein, Tibetica Antiqua I 199.

•RDZU 'PHRUL RKANG PA BZHI 129 V 455.3. rdzu 'phrul gyi rkang ba bzhi ni / 'dun pa'i rdzu 'phrul gyi rkang pa / brtson 'grus kyi rdzu 'phrul gyi rkang pa / dpyod pa'o rdzu 'phrul gyi rkang pa / sems kyi rdzu 'phrul gyi rkang pa'o. 600 42-43. English, Vajrayoginī 505. EoB V 510-511.

•RDZU BAG CAN g.yo sgyu can. zor rdzu can. Btsan-lha.

•RDZUD PA sha srab cing skem pa. Btsan-lha.

•RDZUD LAM rgyug lam. Dpe-chos 509. Btsan-lha.

•RDZUB PA g.yo zol. rdzu bag. Btsan-lha.

•RDZUB RDZUB g.yo zol. Btsan-lha.

•RDZUBS PA rdzun. 'di tsam las mi shes. Btsan-lha.

•RDZUS TE SKYE BA Skt. upapādukā; aupapādukāḥ Mvy no. 2282. miraculous birth. EoB VII 219-220.

•RDZE'U rdza'i phru ba'am khog ma. Btsan-lha. Hûm dmar po de dpyang thag la rdze'u [rdza ma chung ba] 'dren pa'am. 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001) VI 62.5.

•RDZEMS thick part of the stomach. Yangga's dissert., pp. 361, 362.

•RDZOG RDZOG mang po. Btsan-lha.

•RDZOGS CHEN Great Completion. Since the three Inner Method Tantras (nang thabs kyi rgyud) among the nine Vehicles, (i.e., Maha-, Anu- and Ati-yoga Tantras) are identical to Generation (Bskyed), Completion (Rdzogs) and Great Completion (Rdzogs-chen), properly speaking, Great Completion is equivalent to Ati-yoga alone. But, actually, Great Perfection is the aim of all three.

•RDZOGS LDAN dge ba bcu yongs su rdzogs par ldan pa. phun tshogs sde bzhi yongs su rdzogs par longs spyod pa. rtsa ba bzhi yongs su ma nyams par gnas pa. Btsan-lha. The first of the four kalpas. The Completion Eon.

•RDZOGS PA CHEN PO Occurs in a late Dunhuang text (Hackin, Formulaire 30), where it glosses this in Skt., but in Tib. transliteration: pa ri pu ru na (i.e., paripūraṇa, 'rendering complete'). See P. tib. 849.143.

•RDZOGS BYED sngar mu stegs kyi ston pa zhig. Btsan-lha. culminative. See under 'phen byed.

•RDZOGS TSHON "complete color." The painting method using opaque colors applied in distemper. = tshon chen. Jackson.

•RDZOGS RIM Skt. utpannakrama, or alternatively, niṣpannakrama. The form sampannakrama seems to be a mistaken re-Sanskritization. English, Vajrayoginī 173.

•RDZOGS S.HO OT = rdzogs so. Blaṅ 283.2-.3. Btsan-lha.

•RDZONG [1] CITADEL, fort, district capital. Used in a literary sense in Klong-chen-pa — something that neither gains nor loses anything due to the strength of its 'walls.' spros med byang chub snying po'i rdzong. Rnying Rgyud 1982 663.6. [2] fee for safe-conduct, the act of escorting, accompanying, a price of peace or protection. Huber, Pure Crystal 171. [3] See rdzong ba, rdzongs.

•RDZONG KHA district under the administration of a rdzong. (modern spelling is rdzong-khag; the term rdzong kha has today the meaning of 'fort-language,' i.e. the official language of Bhutan). Sources.

•RDZONG 'KHYER a kind of district-wide corvée levy where pack animals had to be assembled at the district headquarters (rdzong) to handle large shipments of goods. Goldstein, Taxation 19.

•RDZONG RGYAB ZHABS 'BEL Gallop behind the fort. Travers, Horse-Riding 5.

•RDZONG STA pho nya ba. Btsan-lha.

•RDZONG DPON Sources. Their duties and terms are described in McGovern, To Lhasa in Disguise 142 ff. District commissioner. Also called rdzong sdod. Cüppers in Prats, Pandita & Siddha 12.

•RDZONG PHYI citizen? non taxpayer? Kuijp (1986) 36.

•RDZONG PHRU lam rgyags sogs lam chas. Dpe-chos 508. Btsan-lha.

•RDZONG BA a parting gift. 27 33. dismiss. Chayet in Facets 73.

•RDZONGS 'bul ba. skyes. Btsan-lha. sendings, gifts for a person to be taken along with them on a journey.

•RDZOB PA sgrib pa. Btsan-lha.

•BRDZA NE BRDZUN NE 367 I 235.

•BRDZANGS PA 'tshub pa. 'gag pa. Btsan-lha. to provision (rdzang / rdzong / brdzangs). Dotson, D&L 70.

•BRDZES BCANGS gos brdzis te chu sogs brgal ba. Btsan-lha.

*WA*

•WA [1] wa ni we zhes pa'i tshig rkyag. Dpe-chos 506. [2] A mammal. The fox. See Sandberg, Tibet 293. = wa skyes, skra bzang. JD 240. SS 500.2. LW 447. Clifford, list. For the metaphor of the fox who seizes the throne [obviously an usurper] see Schrempf in Schrempf, Soundings 91. W. South Coblin, An Old Tibetan Variant for the Word 'Fox,' Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area, vol. 17, no. 2 (1994), pp. 117-118. Nathan W. Hill, Tibetan Vwa 'Fox' and the Sound Change Tibeto-Burman *wa > Tibet O, Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area, vol. 28, no. 2 (Oct 2006), pp. 79-94 (PDF from web). According to Hill, there is no Old Tibetan word with initial 'w', and even the word for 'fox' was then spelled 'wa, not wa (in this, the 'a-chung is the root letter, with the 'w' in the form of (what would eventually become) the wa-zur, the entire syllable would have been pronounced gwa or go, and not wa). A major study: Hartmut Walravens, Der Fuchs in Kultur, Religion und Folklore Zentral- und Ostasiens, in 2 vols. [3] water trough, gutter. DG 142.1.

•WA SKYES See wa.

•WA SKYOG RA lus skyur re. Gces 587.4.

•WA SKYOG RA BYED PA wa mo'i lad mo byed pa. Btsan-lha.

•WA KHA chu khung kha dang khang steng gi wa shur kha. Btsan-lha.

•WA 'KHYUG 'DRA BA mig stangs. Gces 589.3.

•WA 'KHYUG PA 'DRA BA ldem 'gyur ldan pa'am myur ba. Btsan-lha.

•WA GRO GRO A mammal. See Sandberg, Tibet 294.

•WA RGYAL Berounsky in FBTB 102.

•WA SGOR = wa sgir. = wa nag gi zhwa sgor. black fox hat, winter hat of lay officials. Velm I 138.

•WA SNGON PO Or, sngon po'i wa. The story of the blue fox is alluded to in a verse in Hahn, TSD 35.

•WA CHU A part of a house construction. Eaves spout. See Dag-yig 67.

•WA TA wa ta'i rba la drungs yun rings na chu nyid drag par 'gyur. Zhi-byed Coll. I 217.6. See thang phrom dkar po.

•WA TA YUG yur chung. Btsan-lha. wa ta yug / [61r5] ngag sgron mchan du ur chung la bshad pas yur chung yug ces sam / yang na rgya nag gi skad de ras zheng che ba la wā tang zer ba de yug la wa ta yug ces so. Dalai Lama VII, Yig.

•WA TI See discussion in Decleer, Tragkar verse 6.

•WA NAG A mammal. See Sandberg, Tibet 294.

•WA DOM Fox tassel. A kind of 'badge of dishonor' that is 'attached' (btags) to the coward who failed to rescue a person falling beneath a yak. The element dom here means a 'tassel' or 'hanging ornament.' This word also occurs in the form 'o dom. Coblin in Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area, vol. 17, no. 2 (Fall 1994), pp. 117-119.

•WA 'PHYANG ra ma. Btsan-lha.

•WA BA [1] goiter. I believe the correct spelling for goiter is not this, but rather, lba ba. SRZT 77. On goiter, see Tucci, Lhasa 127. [2] khang thog gi chu 'gro sa khung bu. 'A small aperture which is a conduit for water of the housetop.' wa btsugs so. Lde'u 371.

•WA MO A mammal. See Sandberg, Tibet 294.

•WA TSE A mammal. See Sandberg, Tibet 294.

•WA TSHA JD 66.

•WA WA PHUD (sp?) JD 187.

•WA ZHU Evidently equiv. to wa zhwa. Fox hat. Lde'u 267. The fox hat is an award for cowardice.

•WA GZHA' MKHAS byol thabs mkhas. Btsan-lha. 367 I 234.

•WA YAṢṬHA See sle tres.

•WA RA SKAD CHEN See sbal ba.

•WA RA'I PHE KE dust of fox & goat. Refers to a proverb. Wylie 136.

•WA RU See glod de wa ru.

•WA RU NA 1. klu de. 2. chu lha'i shing. Blaṅ 531.

•WA LA wa la za ma snying re na (a repeated phrase). 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001) IV 361.2.

•WA LA LA me sogs 'bar tshul. Btsan-lha.

•WA LAM CAN dur khrod. Btsan-lha.

•WA LE bkra ba'am gsal ba. Btsan-lha. Also spelled wal le.

•WA LER SHAR dal mos shar ba. lhang nger shar ba. Btsan-lha.

•WA SHUL a clan. Btsan-lha.

•WANG (Tsangla, Bhutanese dialect) = sa-dong. earth pit. Sources.

•WANG NGA phyag 'dzub [phyag mdzub] wang ngar sbrel nas / sdug bsngal gyi lu gu rgyud yin. Zhi-byed Coll. II 220.5. sna la shing gi wang nga myi 'dzud / wang nga la thag pa mi 'dogs. Ibid. II 221.6, and here it would seem to refer to a 'nose-ring.' dam pas phyag 'dzub wang bar sbrel nas 'di skad gsung skad. Ibid. III 17.1 (also, 17.7-18.1); here it seems clear that it means making a chain with the fingers & thumbs.

•WANG NGE = lhang nge. BBNP 483.

•WANG MA n. of a Bhutanese clan. Sources.

•WANG TSI'U See shing mngar.

•WANG LONG rna rgyan nam rna long. Btsan-lha.

•WAN TA WA RI See nye shing.

•WAN PA song ba. Btsan-lha. Lcang-skya.

•WAR TI KA = barti kā, = rnam 'grel. BBNP 467.

•WAR NNA DAṂ See a ka ru.

•WAR RO dpon po. rgyal po. Btsan-lha.

•WAR SĀ DA NĪ See sle tres.

•WAL GYIS wal gyis go ba ni shar shar go ba. BBNP 469. bkra lam me. mngon par gsal ba. Btsan-lha.

•WAL GYIS GO BA shar shar go ba. Btsan-lha.

•WAL WAL Zhi-byed Coll. IV 257.7.

•WAL WAL BYUNG BA gsal le'am lhang nger byung ba. Btsan-lha.

•WAL LE gsal le. Gces 586.3. du re shar ba. Gces 587.5. distinctiveness. Thondup, BM 364. sems la gsal mi gsal tsam shar ba'i tshul. Btsan-lha.

•WAS 367 I 234.

•WU BA JD 61. rgya mtsho'i wu ba. = lbu ba. JD 61. SS 505.5. 'bubbles' (but refering to a kind of mineral). DG 141.5.

•WUGS THUNG BA dbugs thung ba. Btsan-lha.

•WER MA Norbu, Drung 5 etc. dgra lha'am dmag zor rgyal mo. Btsan-lha. Das. For its use in a personal name, note Rad sla wer ma in Charles Ramble, A Nineteenth-Century Bonpo Pilgrim in Western Tibet and Nepal: Episodes from the Life of dKar ru grub dbang bsTan 'dzin rin chen, Revue d'Etudes Tibétaines, vol. 15 (November 2008), pp. 481-502, at p. 486.

•WO BRGYAL 'o brgyal. Btsan-lha.

•WO TI from Skt. bodhi. Bhattacharya, LW 355, no. 52.

•'WA wa. Btsan-lha 829.

•WING KUG Nishida, TTDD 145.

*ZHA*

•ZHWA hat. For a text called 'Brug pa'i zhwa khrid, see SBTD I 302.

•ZHWA SKYA In a list of types of hats in Pha-dam-pa dang Ma-cig (PRC 1992) 438.

•ZHA GI ZHI GI [deriv. from zhig po, ragged] = zhag zhig. raggedly. Soundings 26.

•ZHA SGRA earless. OT = rna med. Blaṅ 293.3.

•ZHA SGRE earless, deaf. rna ba med pa. 'on pa. Btsan-lha. rna med. Dbus-pa no. 331. = sna med. Lcang-skya.

•ZHWA SGRE BO a type of hat. zhwa mo'i bye brag cig. Btsan-lha.

•ZHA SNGA [1] Normal OT spelling for zhal snga (spelling zhal snga not found in OTDO). [2] For a special meaning of a demoted royal heir, see B. Dotson's article "Naming the Kings" in Cahiers d'Extrême-Asie 24 (2015) 1-27. I think in Chayet's article in Kvaerne, Tibetan Studies I 122, it is spelled zhang lnga! (based on the smaller Lde'u history).

•ZHA SNGA NAS zhal snga nas. sku ngo mas. Btsan-lha. This is a formulaic phrase used in OT letters, meaning 'in the presence of' [the person receiving the letter]. Schaik, M&T 147.

•ZHA CHAG ma sgrub pa. ma 'grig pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZHA NYE [1] lead (the metal). Also called zha ne, ro nye, tshon mo ta, klu nag, nus ldan mche ba can nag. Rin 66. 'bro sgom gyi nu bo zha nye'i sta ri yin brdar ba la bul myed gsung. The axe being one of lead, don't give it for filing. Zhi-byed Coll. II 172.2. = mā gaṃ, gser dgra. JD 43. SS 505.3. = zha ne, re nye, tshon mo ta, klu nag. DG 112.2. See ti tsha ser po. On lead used as a sealant for metal pegs joining bricks or stone in early Tibetan buildings, see Templeman in TJ 26 no. 3/4 (Autumn/Winter 2001) 200-201. [2] Skt. kuruvinda, or, kurubhinda. Mvy. 5981. The Sanskrit, acc. to M-W, means a number of things: a kind of barley, a fragrant grass, a ruby, black salt, cinnabar.

•ZHA NYE'I RDO lead ore, galena. "Galana." Rin 77.

•ZHA NYE NAG PO carbon. Dhongthog.

•ZHA NYE'I 'BYAR 'DAB zha nye las byas pa'i zhabs stegs. Btsan-lha. One of the items that might belong to a monk. I am thinking it is a kind of metal stand, in the shape of a ring, for placing under a bowl. Skt. trapumaṇḍalaka. See Mvy. 8954, where it has the spelling zha nye'i dbyar 'dab. It's possible, to judge from the Skt., the zha nye means 'tin' here rather than the more expected 'lead.'

•ZHWA THEB Namgyal in TJ 23 no. 4 (1998) 3.

•ZHWA THEBS In a list of types of hats in Pha-dam-pa dang Ma-cig (PRC 1992) 438.

•ZHA 'THENG limping. Naga in TJ 24 no. 3 (1999) 70.

•ZHA NE = zha nye (?). = si sa. YTTM 291.10.

•ZHA PO = chags. ? Kuijp (1986) 38.

•ZHA PHYAL ? 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001) IV 134.5.

•ZHA BA ? 'khrul pa yul la zha ba dus mnyam. Zhi-byed Coll. II 26.1. Perhaps zhi ba is intended here.

•ZHWA BRANG SKOR a horseback riding feat, in which one circles the hat around the chest of the horse. Khenrap in TJ 25 no. 4 (2000) 58.

•ZHA 'BRING OT = zhabs 'bring. Also, zham 'dring. Blaṅ 297.4. Haarh, Yar-luṅ 369. zhabs 'bring ba. Btsan-lha. H. Uebach, From Red Tally to Yellow Paper, RET (Oct. 2008) 58, n. 8.

•ZHA 'BRING SNANG MA zhabs 'bring nang ma. Btsan-lha.

•ZHWA TSE GON = zhwa mo gyon. "to wear a hat." Kuijp (1986) 38.

•ZHA ZHA ZHA ZHAR dus nam yang. Btsan-lha.

•ZHA ZHU zha zhu gtam gyis mi bzlog 'chi tshe. 601 38r.4.

•ZHA ZHUM unterwürfiges Verhalten. Kaschewsky 85.

•ZHA RA I believe this is just a shortened version of mig zhar ba, and like it just means 'half blind.'

•ZHA LAG yan lag. Btsan-lha. Seen in Bon texts it seems to be an effect of some western Tibetan dialect.

•ZHA LU myu gu sogs thon ma thag pa. a clan. Btsan-lha.

•ZHA LU SKYES lo ma gsar pa kha 'bus pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZHAG GI ZO RIS gdong par rdzas byug pa'am khrag gi thig le lta bu. Btsan-lha.

•ZHAG NYAB BDO TSA NA = zhag mang 'das pa na. BBNP 482. Btsan-lha.

•ZHAG STE mgu ste. Btsan-lha. Lcang-skya.

•ZHAG POD MED PA zhag sdod ma byas pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZHAG PHYID nyin zhag gcig tsam 'khyol thabs byed pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZHAG BABS overnight stay (on a journey). Sources.

•ZHAG ZHIG See zha gi zhi gi.

•ZHAG LON dge slong dag gis rung khang byin gyis ma brlabs par lon pa'i zas. Btsan-lha.

•ZHANG rus ming. Dpe-chos 505. Btsan-lha. Dotson, Note.

•ZHANG BLON For references, see Nebesky 21. Dotson, Note. Dotson, OTA glossary, with spelling zhang lon.

•ZHANG MA rgya'i ral gri bye brag pa zhig. Btsan-lha.

•ZHANG ZHUNG SGO PHUG BAR GSUM Geographical concept explained in 506A 338.

•ZHANG LON zhang blon. Btsan-lha. Dotson, Note.

•ZHAD cung zad tsam. rtags dang mtshan ma. Btsan-lha.

•ZHABS GRAS mod. servant. Goldstein.

•ZHABS CHAGS shoe. Kaschewsky 85.

•ZHABS RJES On Buddha's footprints at Rdo-rje-gdan, see Chag 71. For what could be the earliest Tibetan example of a footprint thangka, see Vitali in TS9 I 87.

•ZHABS RNYONGS PA zhabs 'khums pa'am rid pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZHABS RTEG bsnyen bkur. Btsan-lha.

•ZHABS THANG or, zhabs thang gis. by foot (not riding).

•ZHABS DAG (coll.) salutation for drinking beer, "drain your cups!" MTTP.

•ZHABS DOR (hon.) pantaloons. Wylie 132, n. 147.

•ZHABS 'DREN PA a self-promoter, huckster.

•ZHABS RDOG Schuhsohle. Kaschewsky 85.

•ZHABS 'BRING BA Skt. parivāra. servant. Schopen in JIABS 17 (1994) 156. Hahn, IE 22. May translate Skt. bhaṭṭa. See also zham 'bring, zha 'bring. In Tibetan contexts, it seems to mean a disciple who at the same time serves as an attendant on his teacher (recommend to translate 'attendant').

•ZHABS MA zhol lam gos sgab la'ang.

•ZHABS 'DZUGS PA'I DGA' STON a feast held when a child is ready to walk, evidently. Sba 4.

•ZHABS ZHUS Dienstleistung. Kaschewsky2.

•ZHABS BSIL lham phud pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZHAM 'DRING See zha 'bring, zhabs 'bring ba. Blaṅ 297.4.

•ZHAM MER adv. runnily [of liquid]. C&LT 173.

•ZHAM 'BRING zhabs 'bring ngam g.yog po. Btsan-lha.

•ZHAM RING gsol dpon nam nye gnas. Gces 583.3. zhabs 'bring ngam 'khor g.yog. nye gnas. Btsan-lha.

•ZHAMS SE BA lham me ba. Gces 587.4. Btsan-lha.

•ZHA'U LI a Chinese term, used for lowranking clerical workers. Tsarong in TJ 23 no. 3 (1998) 26.

•ZHAR See nam zhar, OR bag la zhar.

•ZHAR CHOS PA Kramer, rNgog 114.

•ZHAR 'PHEN = zhabs 'bel. = bzhar 'phen. = zhag 'ben. = zham bes. "horse races." Velm I 139, 125 (n. 55).

•ZHAR BA incomplete (lacking in some limb or faculty).

•ZHAR YANG nam yang. Btsan-lha.

•ZHAR LA zhor la. Btsan-lha. CFMS 96.

•ZHAL [1] face. [2] "face" measurement; synonym of cha chen. = zhal tshad. Jackson. [3] plaster. See the verbal form zhal ba.

•ZHAL DKAR [1] dkar yol. porcelain cup. Yisun. [2] white plaster.

•ZHAL SKYIN zhal ras sam zhal tshab. Btsan-lha. Holly Gayley, Soteriology of the Senses in Tibetan Buddhism, Numen, vol. 54, no. 4 (2007), pp. 459-499, at p. 478. Lde'u 334. Literal meaning is 'face borrowing,' so I think 'portrait' may be a good translation.

•ZHAL KHA zhal shob. Btsan-lha.

•ZHAL KHEBS lit., 'face cover,' used for the piece of fine cloth used to protect the painted frontispiece, or the dbu lha, of luxuriously decorated Tibetan books. Cüppers, Remarks.

•ZHAL MKHAN plasterers. Vitali, Tho.ling 29.

•ZHAL GYIS 'CHE BA khas len pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZHAL GRO gro btsos dang / 'phyu ra dang / kha zas sna tshogs phung por spungs pa zhig go. Nomads 287.

•ZHAL 'GYUR TA RE zhal bsgyur sgrol ma. Btsan-lha.

•ZHAL BRGYAS zhal ta'am zhal shob gsungs pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZHAL SNGA NAS [1] See under zha snga nas. [2] Title of heads of one of the monastic colleges of Bkra-shis-lhun-po.

•ZHAL CE trial, legal case. Dotson, OTA glossary.

•ZHAL CE PA judge. Dotson, OTA glossary.

•ZHAL CE DPYANGS khrims thag bcad pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZHAL CE DBYANGS to hold a trial, decide a legal case. Dotson, D&L 70.

•ZHAL CE 'O CHOG khrims thag gcod dgos pa'i las don yod tshad. Btsan-lha.

•ZHAL BCE rgyal khrims dang khrims bcad pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZHAL LCE BCAD khrims bcad pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZHAL CHE BA gzu dpang byed mkhan. Btsan-lha.

•ZHAL CHEMS last will and testament. The final instructions of a dying person.

•ZHAL MCHU [1] I take this to be the hon. form of kha mchu. Lde'u 254. Dotson, Dissert. 69, translates it as statutes. [2] lips, beak. kha'i mchu to. Yisun.

•ZHAL MCHU PA Cabezón, Rog 200.

•ZHAL TA guidance, advice. Example of usage in Lde'u 236.

•ZHAL TA PA May also be spelled zhal lta pa. Haarh, Yar-luṅ 368. do dam pa. dge 'dun gyi las byed mkhan. Btsan-lha. 'directors' (acc. to Kurtis Schaeffer, forthcoming work on Bu-ston). Spelled zhal ta ba. Blue Annals 247. Schaik in JIABR 1 (2013) 247 et passim.

•ZHAL TA BYED PA vaiyāpṛtyakara, vaiyāvṛttajara. a monastic office (of any kind). Schopen in IIJ 44 (2001) 116. A very thorough discussion in chap. 6, 'Supervision,' in Jonathan Silk's unpublished dissertation. Now see Silk, Managing.

•ZHAL TA MA rje mo'i g.yog mo. Btsan-lha.

•ZHAL STON zhal ston bya ba de / skyes bu dam pa de sngon zhal ma mthong ba la zhal ston zer ba yin. 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001) V 408.1.

•ZHAL THAN TSAM MKHYEN gleng mo tsam gnang. Btsan-lha.

•ZHAL DA zhal ta. Btsan-lha.

•ZHAL DAN MDZAD khas len byed pa'i zhe sa. Btsan-lha.

•ZHAL DU 'DU BA'I SGO zhal du bzhes rgyu bza' bca' btung ba. Btsan-lha.

•ZHAL GDAMS 'life advice.' Schapiro in RET 22 (2011) 268.

•ZHAL BDAG monastic disciplinarian, acc. to Das. head of monastery acc. to Snellgrove.

•ZHAL PHO kha pho'i zhe sa. Btsan-lha.

•ZHAL BA to plaster, to smear (the wall with mud or manure or whatever). See the entry in Dung-dkar 1767. BLKC I 92.

•ZHAL BU [1] small cup. See Coblin in JAOS 111, p. 316. phor pa chung ba. Btsan-lha. [2] hon. for 'ancestor.' mes po'i zhe sa. Btsan-lha. [3] 'ancestral tablets,' translating a sinitic concept. Stein, Tibetica Antiqua I 164.

•ZHAL 'BAG Hon. for 'bag. Mask. Sgo mang Bstan pa chos 'phel (1840-1907/8) composed a work called Bse khrab can gyi zhal 'bag nang gi dkar chag (source: TBRC).

•ZHAL TSHUS OT = zhal zas. Blaṅ 301.1. Dbus-pa no. 666. Lcang-skya.

•ZHAL MTSHAL red color applied to lips of deities. (lipstick?) Jackson.

•ZHAL 'TSHUS bsod snyoms su ma gtogs pa'i bza' bca' phran gu sger du bcos pa'i zas. Btsan-lha.

•ZHAL ZHAL zhal ba. Btsan-lha. kun la snyoms pa'i zhal zhal bya. 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001) I 35.1.

•ZHAL BZED spittoon (?). Aris, Discourse 66 n. 16.

•ZHAL YAMS rtsed mo'am ku re'i zhe sa. Btsan-lha.

•ZHAL RAS KHANG an upper chamber where one may get a close view of the face of a very tall image. Vitali, Tho.ling 95.

•ZHAL RAS GZHAN PA Skt. aparavaktra. N. of a metre. Hahn, JV 40.

•ZHAL LU lo ma gsar du kha 'bus pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZHAL LE KYOG KYOG BRAD BRAD rtsed mo dga' ba'i rnam 'gyur. Gces 582.6. Btsan-lha.

•ZHAL LE ZHOL LE trailing. Soundings 30.

•ZHAL SHES GSUM 397 VII 7.

•ZHAL GSANG See gzhal gsang.

•ZHAL BSRO lit., "warming the face," special ritual prayer for softening (and making humanist and kind) the heart of the deity. "softening the heart" works better in English. ST. spyan dbye ste rab gnas. rmang gzhi dang gzhi btsugs pa sogs. Btsan-lha. Namdak. The term occurs in a Dunhuang cave inscription (in the past form, zhal bsros), as found in Yoshiro Imaeda, T-shaped Inscription Frames in Mogao (Dunhuang) and Yulin Caves, Report of the Japanese Association for Tibetan Studies, no. 53 (June 2007) 89-99, at p. 94, note 4.

•ZHI LCUM a medicinal preparation. TMC 53 (116).

•ZHI THES ? ngo myi shes pa la zhi thes kyi gtam gyis cig. Zhi-byed Coll. III 12.7.

•ZHI GNAS initial stabilization (meditation). Klong-chen-pa 10.40 comm. Definition & etymology in 129 V 471.5 ff. (9 divisions/stages: 473.3). EoB VII 673-675.

•ZHI BA to be peaceful or calm. Deriv. from Skt. śiva [supposedly!]. Bhattacharya, LW 355, no. 53.

•ZHI BA BDUN 242 III 209.1.

•ZHI BYED BCU GCIG a medicinal preparation. Prescriptions 49. Lag-len 34.2. TMC 62 (138). BT 23v.4. Rebecca Lynn Coelius, et al., The Tibetan Uterotonic Zhi Byed 11: Mechanisms of Action, Efficacy & Historical Use for Postpartum Hemorrhage, Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine (2012), in 9 pages (internet journal), PDF.

•ZHI BYED DRUG PA a medicinal preparation. Prescriptions 14. Lag-len 14.4. TMC 19 (34). BP 154.3, 329.1. BT 23v.1.

•ZHI MA 'bru rigs sogs dkrab byed slo ma. Btsan-lha.

•ZHI MIG cat's eye stone. LW 445. Tiger eye [stone]. Its tendency to shine in the dark accounts for the name. Rin 15.

•ZHI TSHE nyi tshe. Gces 587.1. Btsan-lha. dam pa kha ning gi de cog 'jog zhi tshe bsgom mam / rim pas bsgom zhus pas / zhi tshe'ang bzang ste... Zhi-byed Coll. II 347.2. gnas skabs 'di 'dra ba la ltos na shes pa gzhan thams cad sdug bsngal zhi tsher 'dug snyam pa 'byung ngo. Ibid. II 357.3. dam pa rba sgom kho de 'dra ba la dgos pa med zhi tse zer ba de tsug lags zhus pas. Ibid. V 159.1.

•ZHI BZHAG khong khro. Btsan-lha.

•ZHI SHES a clan. Btsan-lha.

•ZHIG [1] a, an, one. indefinite article, changing form with cig depending on how the previous syllable ends. [2] imperative-forming verbal suffix.

•ZHIG PA DNGOS PO disintegration qua entity. An idea of Tsongkhapa. Wangchuk, D&S 180.

•ZHIG PAS zhig yin pas. Btsan-lha.

•ZHIG GU wish, aspiration. smon pa. Dbus-pa no. 011. Lcang-skya. See under cig gu.

•ZHIG PO bdag 'dzin zhig pa po. Gces 585.6. Translated 'mad ascetic' in BA 132.

•ZHIG MO bu mo. Nomads 248.

•ZHIG TSHEM Surmised to mean a kind of document that records some kind of history. Lha Lama Bio. 1.

•ZHIG ZHIG phru gu. Nomads 248.

•ZHIG RAL Dagyab. Also spelled zhig ras. A borrowing of the word cigarette.

•ZHIG LU khye'u. Nomads 248.

•ZHING GI THOG SHAS sa zhing gi 'bru skal. Btsan-lha.

•ZHING GI PHYING RIL zhing gi bogs ma'am zhing khral. Btsan-lha.

•ZHING CHEN 'great field' (in tantric texts, for a flayed human skin). Karmay in JA (1995) 175.

•ZHING CHOS field laws. to distribute. food. agriculture. Coblin in JAOS 111, p. 321.

•ZHING RNANG MA zhing chu ma. Btsan-lha.

•ZHING PA farmer. farming metaphor in Zhi-byed Coll. I 421.5. gzung 'dzin ni 'khruld pa'i zhing pa. Zhi-byed Coll. V 215.1.

•ZHING LPAGS human skin. Skorupski TA.

•ZHING BO a clan. Btsan-lha.

•ZHING BRAN Evid. abbr. of zhing pa bran g.yog. Farm help.

•ZHING BLAS ser srung mkhan. Btsan-lha.

•ZHING BZHI PO the four fields (three Precious, plus the bla-ma). 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001) IV 294.5.

•ZHING YIG field records. Dotson, OTA glossary.

•ZHING YOD a modern term used to stigmatize those who participated in the 1959 uprising (those who didn't were called zhing med). Tsering Shakya, Dragon.

•ZHING RAS since the context is magic, and it is a writing material, it could refer to flayed skin? gro ga dang zhing ras la bya rog dang 'ug pa'i dang ru dang / ma rkang gi snyug gus dug khrag gis ling ka bris pa'i tshe. Zhi-byed Coll. V 142.7.

•ZHING RI zlum po'am khor yug. Btsan-lha.

•ZHING LA'U zhing chung. Dpe-chos 516. Btsan-lha.

•ZHING LHA god of the fields (in agricultural ritual, generally Brahma). See TBRC, topic RID: T1636.

•ZHIN DU bzhin du. Dbus-pa no. 351.

•ZHIB See shing zhib.

•ZHIB TIG zhib tshags. Dpe-chos 515.

•ZHIB MA smyug ma dang sba smyug sogs las byas pa'i slo ma. Btsan-lha. winnow used for cooling the barley for beer. Ardussi, Drinking 121.

•ZHIB SHING See khron bu. See lcum rtsa.

•ZHIM THIG DKAR PO Salvia roborowskii. TDD 172.

•ZHIM THIG NAG PO Rabdosia rugosa. TDD 153.

•ZHIM THIG LE JD 193. SS 468.1. Mdo 360.

•ZHIM THIG LE DKAR PO Euphrasia himalaica. Wangchuk, Bioactive 25.

•ZHIM SHING See lcum rtsa. KP4 454.4.

•ZHIL BA nyams pa. Dbus-pa no. 353.

•ZHU zhwa mo. Btsan-lha. For the variant forms zhu / zhwa, both meaning 'hat,' see Guillaume Jacques, Tibetan Wa-zur and Laufer's Law, Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area, vol. 32, no. 1 (2009), pp. 141-144.

•ZHU KHOG BHBW 352.

•ZHU MKHAN JD 108. SS 479.3. = seng 'phrom, skags grogs, rgya skyegs dangs byed, kra mu ka, lāk ṣa bra pā da na, paṭ ṭi, sa du, pa ri ṣa, brgya byin, pri ha ba ṭa. DG 219.3. Simplocos leaf (from India). Jackson in TJ 27 nos 1-2 (2002) 161. =seng phrom. Sapphire berry, sweetleaf. Symplocos paniculata. TDD 181. CTEV 30 says it is the loquat fruit.

•ZHU 'GU A kitchen vessel illus. in Nomads 269.

•ZHU NGAN ZHUM PO snying chung dpa' zhum pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZHU TIG sems la zhu tig zin tsam na yin te / de'i byi bsos bla mas byed dgos pa yin gsung. Zhi-byed Coll. II 174.2. This term may be noted a few times in canonical colophons, where it seems to mean something like 'corrections.'

•ZHU THIG This term occurs in Lde'u 321, where I believe it is equivalent to zhu tig.

•ZHU THUG sems kyi zhu thug bla ma'i spyan sngar ma tshar na. Zhi-byed Coll. II 468.7. bla ma'i thugs dgongs dang zhu thug bya ba'i phyir. Ibid. III 17.6.

•ZHU SNA = zhu mkhan. BBNP 468. Btsan-lha. Yisun. Examples of usage in Lde'u 84-85.

•ZHU 'PHYAN zhu phram. Gces 588.2.

•ZHU BYANG smelt away [&] purify. phung po'i bdud ni zhu byang. Stog Palace Kanjur vol. 76, p. 388.7. phyogs bcu'i lha'i bdud la sogs pa thams cad kyang zhu byang ste / gnod pa byed mi nus so. Stog Palace Kanjur vol. 76, p. 389.4.

•ZHU MAR = mar me, sgron me, snang gsal. "butterlamp, oil lamp, lamp." Kuijp (1986) 38.

•ZHU YAG (Dbus) = zhu rgyu. question, asking. MTTP.

•ZHU RAL gos mtha' ral ba. Btsan-lha.

•ZHU LI RI MO srang mda'i thig le'i ri mo. Btsan-lha.

•ZHU LUB lcag gis gzhus te nyog nyog byas pa. Btsan-lha. Word found in an inscription on a piece of gold from a saddle. Heller in JIABR 1 (2013) 282, where it would seem to name a part (or the gold covering?) of the golden saddle. Couldn't locate it in OTDO, although I did find the word used 3 times in Tanjur texts by searching at the Vienna site.

•ZHU HU RDZING DG 99.3.

•ZHUG SHANG Evidently another spelling for zug shang, in OT. Explained by Tenzin Namdak as an equivalent of shel tshigs, a mixture of raw and roasted barley. Tan, Theses 115 n. 10. Berounsky in FBTB 108 ('ug shang also occurs here).

•ZHUGS fire. me. Rtse-le VIII 424. Btsan-lha. Dbus-pa no. 708. Lcang-skya.

•ZHUGS KYIS DRAL me nang bsregs pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZHUGS GUM PA me shi ba. Btsan-lha.

•ZHUGS GLING me 'jog sa'i gyo mo sogs kyi snod. Btsan-lha.

•ZHUGS JA 'entry tea,' school fees. Memories of Life 10.

•ZHUGS CHAD fire extinguish[er]? Tan, Theses 105.

•ZHUGS TOG me tog. Btsan-lha.

•ZHUGS BLTAM me spar ba. Btsan-lha.

•ZHUGS GNAS BRGYAD rgyun zhugs zhugs pa / rgyun zhugs 'bras gnas / phyir 'ong zhugs pa / phyir 'ong 'bras gnas / phyir mi 'ong zhugs pa / phyir mi 'ong 'bras gnas / dgra bcom zhugs pa / dgra bcom 'bras gnas rnams so. 600 112.

•ZHUGS LING me 'jog sa'i snod. Btsan-lha.

•ZHUGS LONG DMAR PO A single occurrence in the Annals, meaning unknown. H. Uebach, From Red Tally to Yellow Paper, RET (Oct. 2008) 59. I guess it was a red 'fire mirror' for conveying military commands at a distance, but that's just my guess. It could mean the burning down of the guardpost as a signal to summon reinforcements. red fire-raising station. Dotson, OTA glossary.

•ZHUGS SHANGS = shel tshigs. roasted barley grains. Karmay, Treasury. Spelled zhugs shang. ZZFC 235. This word is used in Nel-pa's history (Uebach's translation, pp. 56-57).

•ZHUNG GIS yas mar zhung gis byung ba ni steng nas mar shar te byung ba. Dpe-chos 511.

•ZHUNG NGE Samdo A V 259r.4.

•ZHUNG ZHUNG btsun btsun zhung zhung ltar byas kyang phan med. Samdo A V 260r.1.

•ZHUD said to be a name for mercury. Simioli, AG 44.

•ZHUN See zhu mkhan.

•ZHUN DKAR Namdak.

•ZHUN DKAR KE RU See under ke ru.

•ZHUN DKAR LCAGS a metal with a silvery cast, a kind of white iron (perhaps the same kind as Chinese used for bell casting because it had a good sound). It had two main types used for making armor and weapons. ZZFC 239.

•ZHUN THAR = the tshom. BBNP 472. In most cases it would seem to mean 'doubt,' but it also is clearly a name of a (smeltable) material substance (which might be the basis for the metaphorical meaning 'doubt'). See Yisun, where the refining of metal is mentioned in the definition. See BY 2877, where brtag dpyad is offered as one meaning. zhun thar chod pa / the tshom thag gcod pa. rang rgyud kyi zhun thar nang du 'byongs kyang... Zhi-byed Coll. III 17.6. zhun thar 'byongs pa'i ngar gyis sha rus bcad. Ibid. I 265.6. zhun thar sbyangs pa'i gser la 'gyur ba myed. Ibid. I 287.6. rgyud dka' thub kyi zhun thar gyis sbyongs. Ibid. II 314.2. rang rgyud zhun thar 'byongs pa'i gser shog lta bur gyurd pas / nyon mongs pa'i 'phan mi ldang. Ibid. V 177.2. mtha' phyir mi ldog pa lcags la zhun thar 'thems pa lta bu cig dgos pa yin te. Ibid. V 224.3. See Schaeffer, Crystal Orbs 26 n. 36. Occasionally spelled zhun mthar (19 times in TBRC database, with zhun thar 96 times).

•ZHUN THAR BCAD PA Das gives two meanings: 1) to scrutinize, make critical examination. skabs skabs su bla ma'i drung du gdams ngag gi zhun thar legs par bcad (his source is part 3 of Blue Annals). 2) to join together white-heated iron by beating again.

•ZHUN THAR BYED PA to melt and beat to pieces. Jaeschke (his source is Milarepa).

•ZHUN MTHAR Also spelled zhun 'thar. tempering process. ZZFC 242. See zhun thar.

•ZHUN RDO See (rdo) thal.

•ZHUN BU As it occurs in Lde'u 269, SK suggests emending it to chun po, 'bunch, bundle.'

•ZHUN RTSE byu ru. Btsan-lha.

•ZHUB PA go khrab bam lcags gos. Btsan-lha. byams pa ni drug zhub gon pa dang 'dra. Zhi-byed Coll. IV 198.3. rta zhub, 'armored horse.' myi zhub, 'armored man.' Bellezza, L&T 77.

•ZHUM PA ngu ba'i zhe sa. Btsan-lha. be timid. Jamspal, Treasury 41. Cowering (not going out), dispirited, dejected.

•ZHUM PO spu ngan zhum po la dbus par du zhu ngan zhum po zhes 'byung ste snying chung dpa' zhum pa. cowardly. Dpe-chos 512.

•ZHUM BU Domestic cat. See Sandberg, Tibet 293. 'a 'u zhum bu byi la gsum la 'dam ka gda' ste. Zhi-byed Coll. II 9.4 (also, IV 180.2). See byi la.

•ZHUM ZHING 'DZUR dpa' khum zhing gzhan du byol thabs byed pa. Btsan-lha. dpal zhum zhing gzhan du byol thabs sam 'dzur thabs byed pa'i ming. Eimer, Dbyangs 55.

•ZHUR PO rta rgyug pa dang mgyogs pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZHUS CHEN PA master editor. Arch. of TB 126.

•ZHUS THIG zhu ba'i thig pa. Gces 584.3.

•ZHUS PA may sometimes mean 'poured' rather than 'asked'.

•ZHUS LAN interview. Karmay, Great Perfection 67-8.

•ZHE = yid. Sinn, Gedanke. Kaschewsky2.

•ZHE KHAM PA khong khro'am khro ba. Btsan-lha.

•ZHE KHREL ngo tsha'am zhen pa log pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZHE 'KHU zhe sdang. Btsan-lha.

•ZHE 'GRANGS zhe 'gras sam yid sdang ba. Gces 583.5. yid tshim pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZHE 'GRAS 'khon. Gces 589.6. Btsan-lha. Flick, Carrying Enemies 42. mutual hate or enmity, animosity.

•ZHE SNGA Namdak.

•ZHE BSNGAGS yid smon. Btsan-lha.

•ZHE GCOD PA'I TSHIG tshig rtsub. Btsan-lha.

•ZHE BCAD resolution. Misspelled zhes cad. 24 I 411.4.

•ZHE BCIL BA spa bkong ba. Btsan-lha.

•ZHE SNYER extreme or fierce lust.

•ZHE THAG PA NAS wholeheartedly. grub mtha' blo bsgyur rnams zhe thag pa nas sangs rgyas mi 'dod. Zhi-byed Coll. V 436.1.

•ZHE 'DOD deep intentions, ulterior motives.

•ZHE SDANG Skt. dveṣa. de yang ma grub bzhin du sems phra rags 'dzin pas zhe sdang byung. 91 I 582. See sbrul. Generally this word should be translated 'hatred,' since it can never be positive, while khong khro should be translated 'anger,' since it can very occasionally be positive (this according to H.H. the Dalai Lama).

•ZHE NING = gzhi ning. two years ago. na ning gzhe ning gnyis su mu ge byung. 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001) IV 127.

•ZHE GNONG nyes pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZHE MNA' BSKYAL BA first words of a preliminary practice prayer. Samdo A IV 13r.2.

•ZHE PO adv. so very much. C&LT 173.

•ZHE BAS SMRA BA zhe thag pa nas smra ba. Btsan-lha.

•ZHE BU Namdak.

•ZHE MI zhum bu'am byi la. Btsan-lha.

•ZHE MER nausea. NNV.

•ZHE GTSANG BA nor 'khrul med pas blo bde ba. Btsan-lha.

•ZHE RTSIGS rtsis su byed pa'am mthong chen po byas pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZHE RTSIS intentionality. Thurman.

•ZHE'U BU MANG Namdak.

•ZHE'O zer ro. Dbus-pa no. 563.

•ZHE RE KHREL sich schämen. Kaschewsky2.

•ZHE LA 'BYOR sems la 'gro ba. Btsan-lha. Lcang-skya. zhe la / sems la. Dbus-pa no. 420.

•ZHE LA BZHAG PA kept a secret/hidden grudge. Lde'u 360.

•ZHE LU a product of mustard seed, evidently synonymous with mar khu, 'oil' or perhaps better translation would be 'ghee'? Samdo A V 23r.4-5.

•ZHE SHIM PA 17 II 413.2.

•ZHE SA Used in Buddhacarita (chap. 3, verse 24) to translate Skt. gaurava ('respect'). It literally means 'place of honor,' but in recent times at least seems to be most often restricted to the realm of language, where it means 'honorifics.' For an example of quite early usage, see Lde'u 185. See under rje sa.

•ZHE SA LA BYON PA (regionalism) = mjal phyag la byon. BBNP 466.

•ZHE SUN irritation. Stearns, SR 30.

•ZHENG CHE spacious. Hill, Aspirated 485.

•ZHED PA zhen pa'am len pa zhes pa. Dpe-chos 511. shin tu dang rab tu. Btsan-lha.

•ZHEN 'KHRI chags sems. Btsan-lha.

•ZHEN RTOG Guenther, Ecstatic 33 n. 47.

•ZHEN PA [1] conviction. Skt. abhiniveśa. Thurman. [2] See BA 349, where it is interpreted in logical literature as meaning 'approximation, approximative judgment.' [3] Medically speaking, 'sticking' (to a particular area or constituent of the body). Text 44. [4] dman pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZHEN PA DOR blo yis btang ba. Btsan-lha.

•ZHEN PA BZHI BRAL blo sbyong zhen pa bzhi bral ni / blo chos su 'gro ba / chos lam du 'gro ba / lam gyi 'khrul ba sle ba / 'khrul ba ye shes su 'char ba'o. 600 49.

•ZHEN PAR rab dang ha las pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZHE'O [it is] said, [they] say. zer to. Lcang-skya.

•ZHER 'DEBS PA dran bskul. gzhan gyi zhe gcod pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZHEL spus tha ma. Btsan-lha.

•ZHES RA PHA O.T. ? Dotson, Princess 74.

•ZHO yogurt. SS 525.2.

•ZHO SKYOGS zho 'o ma las mar 'don pa rtsis kyi skyog. Utpal 30.2.

•ZHO KHA CHU = chur bu.

•ZHO KHEBS 'yoghurt cover' depicted in Nomads 269.

•ZHO GA CHU dar ba lta bu'i zho phrum. Btsan-lha.

•ZHO GOG potato. Dhongthog 343.

•ZHO CAN snum can nam tshi can. Btsan-lha.

•ZHO GCIG zho gcig ni bre gang zer ba yin nam. Dpe-chos 516.

•ZHO NYE seng ge zho nye'i tod (stod?) la mnan nas. Zhi-byed Coll. I 425.1. From context, it would seem to mean the 'teat' of the lion, but it could possibly mean the milker of the lion (?).

•ZHO RDO See (rdo) thal.

•ZHO SBUR a kind of worm that grows in old yoghurt. JD 256. SS 545.6.

•ZHO ZO yoghurt bucket, depicted in Nomads 269.

•ZHO SHA [1] (archaism) sometimes spelled sho sha. fee, payment. Samdo A. stobs. nus pa. khral. gla'am rngan pa. Btsan-lha. zho shas 'tsho ba len pa dang (a sin for monks, who should not make a living through fees or payments). 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001) IV 26.4. [2] [athletic, heroic, mental] strength, ability, potency [see preceding]. rgyud la zho sha ma sri. Zhi-byed Coll. II 283. dpa' bo byed pa'i dus su go ma chod na gyad kyi zho sha khyi yin gsung. Ibid. II 159.6. [3] sustenance. H. Richardson, in Corpus of Early Tibetan Inscriptions, p. 49, understands it as being, in origin, a compound of the words for yogurt and meat. For an example of usage, see Lde'u 269. [3] revenues [from agricultural estates]. Kapstein in Journal of Tibetology 9 (2014) 10. [4] Name for various plants [see following entries]: Karmay, Arrow 347. JD 85. SS 435.1. KP3 344.1. KP4 571.4.

•gla gor ZHO SHA = zla gor zho sha, mcher ba zhog, glang mig. JD 85. SS 435.3. KP3 344.4. KP4 572.3. = sha lu ka. YTTM 292.5. = sha lu na. YTTM 292.15. DG 190.6. Skt. pohalam, pophala, pūgaphala. "The fruit of the famfel [?], the betel-nut." Mvy. 5804.

•mchin pa ZHO SHA = ba mkhal smug po. JD 86. SS 510.1. DG 191.4

•snying ZHO SHA Literally, 'heart-strength.' JD 85. SS 434.5. KP3 343.5. KP4 570.5. = am ba li, ba ta, tsatta ka. DG 189.6. Hübotter/1 71: Taxus nucifera.

•ZHO SHA PHUL stobs sam shed mong sbyin zhes pa'i don te / zho sha ni stobs nus kyi ming du bshad do. 367 II 128.5. stobs sam nus pa phul ba. Btsan-lha.

•ZHO SHA GSUM YTTM 290.14.

•ZHO SHAL CIG (regionalism) = zho phor gang. BA says: dge 'dun las lhag pa zho bshal cig kyang gsol ma myong. BBNP 466.

•ZHO SHAS 'TSHO BA gla rngan gyis 'tsho ba. nus mthus 'tsho ba. Btsan-lha.

•ZHO BSHAL GCIG zho phor gang. Btsan-lha.

•ZHOG KA LI = shog ka li, = sho ka li. See under ka ba li. BBNP 465. A contraption made of bamboo and cloth for placing dpe cha.

•ZHOG DKAR KE RU A type of armor worn by combatants. ZZFC 241.

•ZHOG KHOG potato. CTEV 25.

•ZHOG RGOD Also, ri yung. yam. CTEV 26.

•ZHOG MNGAR sweet potato. CTEV 26.

•ZHOG MA stegs g.yogs [altar or throne covering]. Dbus-pa no. 391.

•ZHOG ZHUN RMOG See ZZFC 240.

•ZHOGS yul ming. Dpe-chos 517.

•ZHOGS KYIS 'DED PA chabs gcig tu dag pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZHOGS SKAD "morning." Kuijp (1986) 38.

•ZHOGS PA "morning." Kuijp (1986) 38. spyir zhogs pa ni nang snga mo'i ming yin la skabs gar 'drog pa'am bros pa'i don la'ang 'jug pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZHOGS MA OT = steng g.yogs. Blaṅ 294.6. steng g.yogs sam dum bu sogs. Btsan-lha.

•ZHOGS ZHOGS PA longs spyod dam zhogs zhogs pa btang ba ni longs spyod gang gces gces zhogs chen po btang ba. Dpe-chos 513. gang gces gces. Btsan-lha.

•ZHOMS PA gzhogs pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZHOR Nebensache. Kaschewsky2.

•ZHOR THAG LA SPROD an einem Seil hinunterlassen. Kaschewsky 85.

•ZHOL smad cha dang 'tshong ra. Btsan-lha.

•ZHOL CAN gyon pa'am rtsid pa sogs zhol zhol sar drud pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZHOL SPUR BA See bying bying thu lu.

•ZHOL PHO (m.) liberated yaks. Holler in TS9 II 208. See under lha yag zhol po.

•ZHOL MO fem. form of zhol pho, q.v., which means 'liberated yak.'

•ZHOL ZHOL BYED PA [rtsid pa'i zhol] "Yakhaar" (yak hair?). Kaschewsky 85.

•ZHOS gla rngan sogs nan gyis byin pa. Btsan-lha.

•GZHAG TU YOD don yang gzhag tu yod de. The meaning could also be put like this (explained in this other way; we know supply another meaning; we here supply with a meaning...) Paṇ-chen I, Gsung-'bum II 309.5, 310.6.

•GZHAG PA OT = brgyan pa. Blaṅ 298.5.

•GZHAG YANG gzhan yang. Btsan-lha. Dbus-pa no. 071. Lcang-skya.

•GZHAGS PA brgyan pa. Btsan-lha. Lcang-skya.

•GZHANG rectum. Yangga's dissert., p. 369.

•GZHANG DKAR PO DD illus. 17.

•GZHANG KHA DD illus. 17.

•GZHANG 'GRUM grang nad. Btsan-lha.

•GZHANG NAG PO DD illus. 17.

•GZHANG 'BRUM SRZT 107.

•GZHANG LUG PA SRZT 130.

•GZHAN OT = gzhad gad kyi sgra. Blaṅ 285.4.

•GZHAN KO gzhan ni. Btsan-lha.

•GZHAN BSKUL OT see gzhen 'debs. Blaṅ 296.5.

•GZHAN GYIS MI THUB PA See shu dag dkar po. Skt. aparājitā. N. of a metre. Hahn, JV 39.

•GZHAN DU NA if otherwise, if it were not so (in clause-initial position).

•GZHAN DU MI 'THAD PA NYID Skt. anyathānupapannatva. otherwise inexplicable, inexplicability otherwise, impossibility otherwise.

•GZHAN DU MIN and not otherwise! 'grub par 'gyur ro gzhan du min. Paṇ-chen I, Gsung-'bum II 302.4.

•GZHAN DRING MI 'JOG rang gis nges rnyed mthar phyin shes pas gzhan la re ltos mi dgos pa. Btsan-lha.

•GZHAN SNANG phenomena as they appear to others, the ways others see things. gzhan snang yid la ma 'gyus na 'phra rags 'gag pa'i brda' ru. Zhi-byed Coll. II 166.5. gzhan snang bsgyur ma nus na spyod pa rang thang du song ba'i brda' ru (as symbolic way of saying that if you cannot transform the way things appear to others, the 'behavior' wears itself out). Zhi-byed Coll. II 168.2.

•GZHAN BYUNG YE SHES distinguished from rang byung ye shes. Karmay, Great Perfection 114 n. 42, 132. Almogi, MA thesis 43 ff.

•GZHAN DBANG other determined.

•GZHAN RIG distinguished from rang rig. Karmay, Great Perfection 107 n. 3, 114 n. 42.

•GZHAN LA 'GRAM CHU MI LDANG not raising the shoreline in others. gzhan la re ltos mi dgos pa (not needing to place one's hopes in others). Btsan-lha.

•GZHAN LA BSTAD PA gzhan la gtad par bya ba. Btsan-lha.

•GZHAN LA ZUG See khyi.

•GZHAN GSOS an epithet of the cuckoo, who is 'raised by others.' The cuckoo puts its eggs in the raven's nest, so its chicks are unwittingly fed as if they were ravens...

•GZHAB PA mgu ba. Dbus-pa no. 394.

•GZHABS brgyan pa. brtags pa. 'jab pa. Btsan-lha.

•GZHAMS PA thabs kyis brtags pa. Btsan-lha.

•GZHA' gzha' ste / mdu ste. Dbus-pa no. 479.

•GZHA' GNA' gna' snga mo. Btsan-lha.

•GZHA' PYI phran. nga rang. Btsan-lha.

•GZHA' 'PHEL BAR BYED dga' spro 'phel bar byed pa. Btsan-lha.

•GZHA' BA OT = mgu ba. Blaṅ 294.6. sba ba. mgu ba. Btsan-lha. See the discussion in Del Toso, EM, where he suggests it means 'rejoicing, gratification, satisfaction' and the like.

•GZHA' TSHON OT = 'ja' tshon. rainbow. Skt. indradhanu. Blaṅ 294.6. Btsan-lha.

•GZHA' GSANG OT = g.yung drung. = 'phrin las. Skt. śaśvara, deriv. from śaśvata (?). Blaṅ 295.2. rtag pa mi 'gyur ba. 'phrin las. sbas pa'am gsang ba. Btsan-lha. g.yung drung. Dbus-pa no. 408. = g.yung drung. Lcang-skya.

•GZHAR BA OT = mthun pa. Blaṅ 299.3. Dbus-pa no. 602. mthun pa. nye ba. Btsan-lha. = mthun pa. Lcang-skya.

•GZHAR YANG OT = slar yang. = nam yang. Blaṅ 287.4. Btsan-lha. Lcang-skya. [1] never. [2] once more, again. C&LT 173. These two adverbial meanings would seem to contradict each other!

•GZHAL BA mgu ba. Btsan-lha. Lcang-skya.

•GZHAL BYA chos. shes bya.

•GZHAL BYA GNYIS rang mtshan dang / spyi mtshan. 600 4.

•GZHAL BYA'I GNAS GSUM mngon gyur / klog gyur / shin tu lkog gyur ro. 600 9.

•GZHAL BLUGS 'jal byed 'bo. Btsan-lha.

•GZHAL MED KHANG Skt. vimāna. A divine palace/conveyance that floats in the sky. Yisun gives it as identical in meaning to gzhal yas khang.

•GZHAL YANG nam yang. Btsan-lha.

•GZHAL YAS 16 118.

•GZHAL YAS KHANG Germano, Poetic Thought 866. A divine dwelling that floats in the sky. The name implies that its qualitative and quantitative measurements cannot possibly be taken.

•GZHAL GSANG As ex. of Old Tantra usage of Bon term, see the work of Dge-rtse in Rnying Rgyud 1973 XXXVI 450. It isn't clear if this really is a Bon term or not; perhaps just a variant spelling of zhal gsang.

•GZHI [1] groundwork, basis. Klong-chen-pa 12.17, etc. Germano, Poetic Thought 830. Skt. vastu. [2] In literary theory, this may mean the 'plot' of the story (gtam gyi gzhi). [3] taxable amount. basis [for taxation], taxable property. Gutschow, Being a Buddhist Nun 105 (phyed gzhi, 'half-crop' tax). [3] In context of bookmaking, this means the writing surface available on a page. [4] An OT spelling for gzhu, bow [of bow and arrow].

•GZHI DKYIL Mittelpunkt, Zentrum. Kaschewsky2.

•GZHI SKUR lhung bzed la go. 506A 335. Btsan-lha. The monk's begging bowl. See 192-vol. Bon Kanjur CLXXIX 202 for a short chapter on the subject in a 'Dul ba (Vinaya) scripture.

•GZHI 'GYUR the basic (i.e., first) translation.

•GZHI GCIG single basis [for both sangsara and nirvana]. Schaik, Sweet 17.

•GZHI MNYAM BSHANG BA smin pa. Btsan-lha.

•GZHI DANG BCAS PA In Vinaya, a part of monastic disciplinary procedures. Banerjee, Sarvāstivāda Literature 226.

•GZHI BDUNGS PA gzhu 'then pa. Btsan-lha.

•GZHI MDO Kreuzungspunkt. Kaschewsky2.

•GZHI LDOG ground differential. Thurman.

•GZHI NAS SPO BA Skt. mūlaparivāsa. In Vinaya, a further period penance imposed when a rule is broken during the period of penance. In case the same rule is broken during this further period, a still further period is imposed (for which, see gzhi nas bslang ba). Banerjee, Sarvāstivāda Literature 228.

•GZHI NAS BSLANG BA See above, under gzhi nas spo ba.

•GZHI GNAS Germano, Poetic Thought 893.

•GZHI SNANG 'lighting-up of the primordial ground.' Germano in JIABS 17 no. 2 (1994) 278.

•GZHI PO OT = gzhi ma. Blaṅ 286.4.

•GZHI SPYIL BA sa gzhi zhal zhal byas pa. Btsan-lha.

•GZHI BU estate holder. Dotson, D&L 55.

•GZHI BO gzhi ma. rgyun sdod. Btsan-lha. gzhi ma. Dbus-pa no. 077. = gzhi ma. =rgyun sdod. Lcang-skya.

•GZHI DBYINGS KHYAD CHOS DRUG LDAN Gyatso, Apparitions 63.

•GZHI MED PA'I DAD PA This concept is discussed in Wu Juan, The Rootless Faith of Ajātaśatru and Its Explanations in the *Abhidharma-mahāvibhāṣā, Indo-Iranian Journal, vol. 59 (2016), pp. 101-138.

•GZHI RDZONGS [official in harge of] estates' provisions. Dotson, D&L 58.

•GZHI 'O run bstod. Dbus-pa no. 730.

•GZHI LEN a special feast admissable to a government guest or to a government official on taking up office. Sources.

•GZHI RTSA a synonym compound, it just means root or basis.

•GZHI TSHUGS an issue of standard rations. Sources.

•GZHI SHES LAM Path of Mahāmudrā as distinguished from 1) spong lam. 2) gnyen lam. 3) sgyur lam. (the first two are called rjes dpag lam, while the third is identified with generation & completion stages — bskyed rdzogs). 129 V 163.6, etc.

•GZHI GSUM The regularly recurring Vinaya rites of poṣadha, summer retreat and the release from summer retreat. 'dul ba nas 'byung ba'i gzhi gsum ni / gso sbyong / dbyar / dgag dbye'o. 600 22.

•GZHIB PA OT = 'jib pa. Blaṅ 295.5, 303.5. to suck.

•GZHIBS PA gral bsgrigs pa. bsgribs pa'am gshibs pa. Btsan-lha.

•GZHIR GYUR NGES BRJOD KYI BUM PA CAN Skt. narkuṭaka. N. of a metre. Hahn, JV 39.

•GZHIL BA bcom pa. Dbus-pa. Lcang-skya.

•GZHIS family. Sources.

•GZHIS PON SPYAN or, gzhis dpon spyan. inspector official of estates. Dotson, D&L 57.

•GZHU [1] bow (as in bow and arrow). See illus. in Precious Deposits V 88. Of course bows were used not only for shooting arrows, but also for igniting fires, as part of a drilling setup, and the scutch-bow for carding wool (on the latter two kinds, see Habib, Pursuing 12, 14). [2] As a measurement, a "bow length" is said to be about 6 feet or two yards. Garje, Memories 371.

•GZHU KHEBS In architecture, a thin horizontal piece forming the very top part of the pillar-capital adjacent to the main beam. See Tucci, Tibetan Folk Songs, fig. 3.

•GZHU GU = gzhug. final, next. MTTP.

•GZHU RGYUD BDUNGS PA gzhu rgyud 'then pa'am sprad pa. Btsan-lha.

•GZHU MCHOG gzhu'i sne mo'am rtse mo. Btsan-lha.

•GZHU THUNG The 'short arrow-bow,' in architecture it occurs immediately below the gzhu ring. See Tucci, Tibetan Folk Songs, fig. 3.

•GZHU SPYAN "bow eye." Jackson. See under nas spyan.

•GZHU BA (Dbus) to throw (at), kick, beat. MTTP.

•GZHU BO n. of a horse in particular stage of life (4 years old). Topgyal in TJ 23 no. 3 (1998) 38.

•GZHU RING In architecture, the part of the pillar-capital below the gdung gdan which it supports. It may be decorated with the monstrous face called Cipaṭa (see tsi pa ta). See Tucci, Tibetan Folk Songs, fig. 3.

•GZHUG CHUNG DD illus. 12. coccyx. Yangga's dissert., pp. 284, 276.

•GZHUNG [1] text, or the text - the main text for information on a particular subject or tradition. Sometimes means not the text as a whole, but a particular text passage. [2] mental continuum. See gzhung ngan. Stein, Tibetica Antiqua I 179.

•GZHUNG KHRA inventory book. This listed all the main cultural and natural features of a district. Cüppers in Prats, Pandita & Siddha 13.

•GZHUNG 'GROGS dus yun ring por 'grogs pa. Btsan-lha.

•GZHUNG RGYUGS PA a type of village, a government serf type corporate village. Goldstein, Taxation 4. gzhung rgyug khral pa. taxpayers who are government subjects. Dargyay, TVC 22.

•GZHUNG BRGYUD yul gyi gzhung. Nomads 248.

•GZHUNG NGAN gzhung ngan po ni / sems rgyud ngan pa. 367 II 128.1. nye 'brel la gzhung ngan shoms. Zhi-byed Coll. II 434.3.

•GZHUNG NGAN PO sems rgyud ngan pa. Btsan-lha. Jamspal, Treasury 86.

•GZHUNG CHEN BCU GSUM Listed in Nomads 288.

•GZHUNG DRUG bka' gdams gzhung drug ni / skyes tshom dad pa'i gzhung / sa rgyan ting nge 'dzin gyi gzhung / spyod 'jug bslab btus spyod pa'i gzhung ngo. 600 77.

•GZHUNG BZANG BA phyi thag ring zhing 'gyur ldog med pa =[long term, without any alternation or fluctuation, changing back and forth]. Btsan-lha. phyi thag ring ba [long term, long time in the future]. Yisun. As used in the Seven Point Mind Training text, it means a person of good (or solid) character, who remembers the favors he owes other people and so on regardless of how much time has gone by.

•GZHUNG LUGS educational system, educational style, traditional system. Stein, Tibetica Antiqua I 180-81. Scherrer-Schaub in JIABS 25 (2002) 283. doctrine, fixed rule. Jamspal, Treasury 221. Hahn, IE 24.

•GZHUNG LUGS KYIS NGOMS PA thos pa che ba. Rtse-le VIII 431.

•GZHUNG SHING main beam (of a house or felt tent). Yisun. theg chen gyi lam gyi gzhung shing. Paṇ-chen I, Gsung-'bum II 337.4.

•GZHUNG SROG RGYAL PO YAB SRAS two standards (thangkas) carried in Lhasa procession. Velm I 139.

•GZHUNGS PA rab tu brtson pa'am 'grus pa. shes rab rno ba. rgyungs pa dang sgal klad. Btsan-lha. = rab tu grub pa. Lcang-skya.

•GZHUR a clan. gzhud pa. Btsan-lha. gzhung. Dbus-pa no. 049. = gzhung. Lcang-skya.

•GZHUR RTAG PA zur za ba. Dbus-pa no. 193.

•GZHUR BRTAG OT = zur zab (i.e., zur za ba). Blaṅ 289.2. zur za. Btsan-lha. = zur za ba. Lcang-skya.

•GZHUR MED gzhom pa med pa. Btsan-lha.

•GZHE gzhe / snga bo'i don te gzhe ning zhes pa lta bu'o. Gser Sbram 11. bya ba gzhe snga gong du byas. Zhi-byed Coll. V 308.5.

•GZHE PHOD In context, it evid. means 'year after next.' Samdo A V 68v.2.

•GZHENGS ljongs. Dbus-pa no. 508.

•GZHEN BSKUL gzhen 'debs sam dran skul. Btsan-lha.

•GZHEN 'DEBS OT = dran bskul. Also, gzhan bskul. Blaṅ 296.5. dran skul. Btsan-lha. = bskul ba. Lcang-skya.

•GZHE'O bzhud do'am 'gro'o. Btsan-lha.

•GZHE RA parsley. Das.

•GZHER BA OT = bsten pa. Blaṅ 289.1. Btsan-lha. Lcang-skya.

•GZHES TE brtan par bzhugs te. Btsan-lha.

•GZHES PA OT = sdod pa. = bzhugs pa. OR, hon. for bzhugs pa. Blaṅ 303.5, 312.2, 516.3. brtan par bzhugs pa. Btsan-lha.

•GZHES SHIG bzhugs shig. Btsan-lha.

•GZHOG STEGS 'phyor sgeg can nam kun tu rtse ba la sogs pa'i lus dang ngang gi las. Btsan-lha. zur mig. Dbus-pa no. 314.

•GZHOG 'DRID kha nas gang bud bltas nas dri ba. Btsan-lha.

•GZHOG PA 'jog pa. Dbus-pa no. 445. Lcang-skya.

•GZHOG SMOS zur gyis go ba. Btsan-lha.

•GZHOGS 'khris sam logs. Btsan-lha.

•GZHOGS SNYES BYAS PA gzhogs g.yas g.yon rtsigs pa sogs la brten pa'am khel ba. Dpe-chos 503. Btsan-lha.

•GZHOGS STEGS OT = zur mig. = sgeg chos. Blaṅ 292.6. = sgeg chos. Lcang-skya.

•GZHOGS DRUD smad pa'am zur za byed pa. Btsan-lha.

•GZHOGS 'PHYAS zur gyi 'phya ba. Btsan-lha.

•GZHOGS SLONG rnyed phyir gzhan gyi rdzas la bsngags brjod byed pa. Btsan-lha.

•GZHONG PA [1] basin, trough (or the like, made of either wood or metal). [2] Perhaps serving tray or platter (with flat surface for serving items).

•GZHONG ZHUNG gzhong pa. Btsan-lha.

•GZHONGS OT = ljongs. Blaṅ 297.3, 516.3. = ljongs. Lcang-skya. ljongs sam shongs. Btsan-lha.

•GZHONGS SPYOD PA OT = ldongs rgyu ba. Blaṅ 306.2. ljongs rgyu ba. Btsan-lha.

•GZHON NU young, youth. In Sanskrit, yauvana or yuvan. Darma language jonu, adj. for 'young.' In Chaudangsi-Byangsi, it's syanna. In any case, the 'nu' is an adjective-forming suffix in Darma. In GSB 56, the spelling for the Byangsi word for 'youth' is jyuvadai. I wonder if Tib. gzhon nu isn't distantly related to Eng. juvenile?

•GZHON NU BUM SKU youthful vase body. Thondup, BM 58. Karmay, Great Perfection 185, 187. Germano, Poetic Thought 963. Note the story of Skandha (called Gzhon nu gdong drug, Youth of Six Faces, in Tibetan), who was, according to some accounts, gestated in a vase from the seed of six different gods. The Yezidis of northern Iraq sometimes say that their progenitor was Adam alone (with no input from Eve). Adam placed his seed in a pot and a moon-faced boy appeared in it named Shahid bin Jarr, 'Witness son of Jar,' this Jar meaning 'jar' as in 'pot.' See Garnik Asatrian & Victoria Arakelova, Malak-Tâwûs: The Peacock Angel of the Yezidis, Iran & the Caucasus 7 nos 1-2 (2003) 1-36, at p. 15. Note also that the Upaniṣads define the ātman thus: "ātman is brahman in a pot" where the pot is the body, and breaking the pot allows one to realize the primordial unity of the ātman and the Absolute Brahman. See White, Alchemical Body 18. "... a unique Dzogchen expression. It refers to the original ground of the primordially pure inner sphere of reality: not subject to deterioration, it is youthful; unbroken, it is like a vase; and as the foundaton for the manifestation of enlightened qualities, it is a body." Togden 240.

•GZHON NU MA young woman, virgin. gzhon nu ma'i bde ba, metaphor for meditative experience, 'young woman's bliss.' shes pa nyams su myong la brjod ma shes pa gzhon nu ma'i bde' ba lta bu. Zhi-byed Coll. II 471.2. mtshan nyid bde' ba nyams su myong ba gzhon nu ma'i snyom 'jug lta bu. Ibid. II 478.7.

•GZHON NU'I SPANG BA THOB PA 'jigs pa med pa'i mchog thob pa. Btsan-lha.

•GZHON NU YI ROL PA Skt. Kumāralalita. N. of a metre. Hahn, JV 37.

•GZHON NUR GYUR PA Skt. kumārabhūta. No. 8 of the 10 bhūmis in the Avataṃsaka (lecture by Jan Nattier).

•GZHON PA mi nyan. Dbus-pa no. 081.

•GZHOB bsregs pa'am 'tshig pa'i dud pa ngan pa. Btsan-lha.

•GZHOB PA See rkeng rus gzhob pa. thab gzhob means a contamination of the hearth caused by spilling food, etc. Norbu, Drung 259, n. 10.

•GZHOB BRO BA sha dang spu sogs mes tshig nas bro ba'i dri ngan. Btsan-lha.

•GZHOMS MA = stengs g.yogs. Lcang-skya.

•GZHO'O bzhud dam 'gro'o. Btsan-lha.

•GZHOR sa rko byed lcags leb 'jor. Btsan-lha.

•GZHOR PO pickaxe. TS6 131.

•GZHOL BA OT = 'bab pa. Blaṅ 287.3. Dbus-pa no. 115. Lcang-skya. 'bab pa. bya ba mngon du phyogs pa. dmigs shing gtod pa. Btsan-lha. Namdak.

•GZHOL ZHING 'BAB PA de kho na nyid la phyogs shing de'i steng du 'bab pa. Btsan-lha.

•GZHOL LO bcol lo. Btsan-lha.

•BZHAG [1] nang khrol rgyu ma sogs. Here it seems to mean balled up or coiled. See Yisun. Example of this usage, with reference to a poisonous snake, in Zhi-byed Coll. I 420.5. [2] a clan. Btsan-lha. [3] For the term used in genealogical contexts in Bon works, with a meaning something like 'descended from,' see Lhagyal in Karmay, New Horizons 438. [4] flesh of the thigh.

•BZHAG TU YOD it is explained, there is an explanation.

•BZHAG BTAM OT. deposited securities. Dotson, D&L 32, 70.

•BZHAG THABS DRUG = sems dben. 129 V 446.3. Tilopa: mi mno mi bsam mi dpyad cing/ / mi sgom mi sems rang bab bzhag.

•BZHAG THABS BZHI Four methods of settling (into meditation) of Gampopa. 129 V 449.6.

•BZHAG PA [1] brgyan pa. Dbus-pa no. 575. [2] something set aside [for the future], hence, savings. [3] something left behind.

•BZHAG SHA the flesh of the inner thigh.

•BZHAG SHA DKAR PO mchan 'og bzhag sha dkar po. DD illus. 29. mchan 'og bzhag sha nag po. DD illus. 30. Yangga's dissert., p. 278.

•BZHAGS PA brgyan pa. Btsan-lha.

•BZHAD n. of a bird. Samdo A V 52v.3. 'ug pa'am khrung khrung. Btsan-lha.

•BZHAD DKAR bya rgod mchu leb ser po zhig. Btsan-lha.

•BZHAD GAD Skt. hāsya. humor. See nyams brgyad. joke. Jamspal, Treasury 41.

•BZHAD GAD MKHAN (in theater) clown, humorist, comedian. "Take the comedian and the scholar; [of the two] the fool that makes people laugh is the best. The comedian takes the money, while the scholar goes away broke and empty." Nāgārjuna, Prajñādaṇḍa, verse 159.

•BZHAD GAD PA Skt. vidūṣaka. Clown, comedian. Mvy. 3809. G.K. Bhat, The Vidushaka in Sanskrit Drama, National Centre for the Performing Arts, Quarterly Journal, vol. 9, no. 2 (1982), pp. 1-7.

•BZHAD BRGAD bzhad gad. Btsan-lha.

•BZHAD PA [1] (hon.) to laugh. [2] to open (as flowers do), blossom, (figuratively) to start [a new year, etc.]).

•BZHAD MO laugh. gad mo. Btsan-lha.

•BZHAB PA 'jab pa. Dbus-pa no. 063. = 'jam pa. Lcang-skya.

•BZHABS TE 'jab ste. Btsan-lha.

•BZHAM PA See bzhams pa, below. Hahn, IE, p. 20.

•BZHAMS TE SGO BA gsang ste bsgo ba'am shub bus bsgo ba. Btsan-lha.

•BZHAMS PA educating with gentle words. ngag 'jam pos slob gso byed pa. Btsan-lha.

•BZHAMS PO ? gsing ma sngo mtha' ru bzhams po dkar po btings nas. After spreading out at the edge of the green meadow a white bzhams po. Lde'u 229.

•BZHA' brlan. Btsan-lha.

•BZHA' BA yibs pa'am sbas pa. Btsan-lha.

•BZHA' BABS PA spangs pa. Btsan-lha.

•BZHAR BA [1] to shave [2] O.T. mthud pa'am srab pa. Btsan-lha. sprang phrug shig sro bzhar bas sku gsum gyi rten de lta bu 'byung bar 'dug pas. 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001) VI 229.3. bsten pa. Dbus-pa no. 186.

•BZHAR BAR BYA bcar bsdad bya'am nye bar bya. Btsan-lha.

•BZHI CHA one fourth.

•BZHI CHAR all four parts.

•BZHI MNYAM bshang ba smin pa'am mi btsang ba. pho ba dang long ka rgyu ma lgang pa bzhi.

•BZHI THUN Jackson in TS9 I 151.

•BZHI MDO an intersection of two roads, a crossroads. Buston II 27.

•BZHI NAM bzhi cha gcig.

•BZHIN MA skar ma bzhi. Gces 588.6. Btsan-lha.

•BZHIN BZHIN a medicine from Manchuria. NMH 308.1.

•BZHIN BZANG DAG An address Buddha sometimes uses for his audience. It literally mean 'fine-faced ones.' Examples of usage in Lde'u 84, 87.

•BZHIN LAG shape, form. "gnam sa gnyis su phye ba'i gnam la bzhin lag gi rnam pa can yod pa..." Thuken 341 ("human features").

•BZHIB 'jib pa. Btsan-lha.

•BZHIS SGO dran bskul. Btsan-lha.

•BZHUGS GRAL seating order (by rank or age or status), as for instance at a monastic assembly or a banquet. I believe the phrase bzhugs ral as found in Lde'u 243 and elsewhere, is a deficient spelling of the same concept (based on a relatively archaic way of pronouncing it).

•BZHUGS MTSHER sdod sa'am sdod gnas byas pa. Btsan-lha.

•BZHUD TA = bzhud pa. "to leave, depart, arrive." Kuijp (1986) 33.

•BZHUD PA 'gro ba'am song ba'i zhe sa. Btsan-lha. Usage for Buddha's first steps taken after his birth in Lde'u 45.

•BZHUN 'phral du bzhun ni 'phral du btsun yin nam. Dpe-chos 511.

•BZHUN PA las la brtson pa. Btsan-lha.

•BZHUN PO lto bzhun po za ba la bad kan gyi len myed pa cig dgos pa yin gsung. Zhi-byed Coll. II 434.2. I think that here it must have something to do with digestion (zhu ba).

•BZHUMS ngu ba. Btsan-lha.

•BZHUR bzhogs pa'am bzhar ba phra bar byed pa. shing gi lo ma dang yal ga sogs bcad pa. mar khu'i snyigs ma sogs phyir dbye ba. Btsan-lha. dus kyi 'khor lo zhes bya ba ni gnyis bzhur gyi 'khor lo'o. See Schopen in Sūryacandrāya (1998) 169. See under thag bzhur.

•BZHUS PA brdung ba. Btsan-lha.

•BZHENGS KHA LNGA khag lnga'am dum bu lnga. Btsan-lha.

•BZHED PA [1] hon. to claim, to be of the opinion, to assert. [2] intention, approach, attitude. [3] Examples of usage meaning the literal 'approach' of an army in Lde'u 260.

•BZHED 'TSHAL khas len byed pa'i zhe sa. Btsan-lha.

•BZHED GZHUNG orientation. Discussed in BHBW 375.

•BZHEN BTAB 'jig rten ma mor bzhen btab / bzhen btab ni dran bskul lo. 506A 336.

•BZHEN 'DEBS bsgul ba. Dbus-pa no. 480.

•BZHEN PA bsregs pa'i zhe tshig. Btsan-lha.

•BZHER moist. rlan gyi bzha' ste gsher ba'am btsa'. Btsan-lha.

•BZHER BA gsher ba'am btsa' ba. Btsan-lha.

•BZHES GRO twisted bread. Clarke in TH&L 52.

•BZHES CAN phor pa'i zhe sa. Btsan-lha.

•BZHES PA partaking.

•BZHON 'DZIN The milk-bucket hook worn on the waistbands of nomad women. Nomads 265, 289.

•BZHON ZO 'o ma 'jo snod. Nomads 248.

•BZHOL ba glang rdzi bo nags kyi phyogs su bzhol. Zhi-byed Coll. I 290.1.

•BZHOS PA sems gso byas pa. Btsan-lha.

*ZA*

•ZA as a part of women's names, immediately following the clan name, may also be spelled bza', or, more problematically (since this ending may preferably belong to nephews or grandchildren), tsha or btsa'.

•ZWA [1] lock. sgo lcags. Btsan-lha. BLKC I 398. [2] a type of green [vegetable]. sngo'i bye brag cig. Btsan-lha. nettle. Varieties: zwa rgod, zwa g.yung. KP1 141.1. KP3 293.4. KP4 467.1. = zwa 'brum, reg dug. JD 154. SS 511.4.

•ZA RKONG za 'phrug che ba'i pags nad 'brum bu can zhig gi ming ste, yul skad la lar <<rngo>> yang zer. Dag-yig. a skin disease. Text 46.

•ZWA KHU nettle soup.

•ZA GU grang ba dkar po'am zla mtshan dkar po. Btsan-lha.

•ZA 'GRAM mkhur tshos rgyab kyi 'gram pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZA 'GRAM RUS PA DD illus. 10.

•ZA SGO share of allowances. Jansen, Elephant 127.

•ZA 'CHAG NYAL 'DUG eating, walking, sleeping & sitting; daily activities, everyday routines. See also 'gro 'chag nyal 'dug. Klong-chen-pa 9.21.

•ZA DUR mi ro chu nang du 'phangs nas chu'i nang gi srog chags la zar bcug pa. water burial. Btsan-lha. For very different understanding, reading this as za thur, 'chopsticks,' see OZZ 118. See also Dotson in JIABR 1 (2013) 217 note 27.

•ZA 'DED Or, za 'dod. Greedy for bribes. See not yet published article by Christoph Cüppers, Some Remarks on the Tibetan Language Used in Former Government Decrees, p. 337.

•ZWA 'DRA Hyssop. Agastache rugosus. The name would seem to mean "resembling the nettle." Alternative name: phag dug. TDD 8.

•ZA PHOD PA OT = lto ba che ba. Blaṅ 298.4. Btsan-lha.

•ZWA'I PHYI MO SS 511.6.

•ZA PHYID za thengs gcig tsam 'khyol thabs byed pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZA PHYED RIL BU (sp?) a medicinal preparation. RR 78.

•ZA 'PHRUG SRZT 105. phyi nang gi rkyen gyis lus kyi skyi pags la zug reg phran bu bskyed pa'i myong tshor gyi ming ste: lus la za 'phrug langs lta bu. Dag-yig. itching. Jaeschke.

•ZA BA "to eat," to inherit. Sources.

•ZA BOG za 'og gam dar dang gos chen. Btsan-lha. Other spellings including za bug mentioned by Bellezza in RET 29 (2014) 190.

•ZA BYED 1. srin po. 2. kha. 3. me. 4. brgya byin gyi phyag mtshan rdo rje. Blaṅ 531. As an image of Vajrapāni, used as a burner of certain materials, see Stein in JA (1995) 121, etc. See also Baumer, Tibet's Ancient Religion Bön 70.

•ZA BYED KHAMS eater elements. Simioli, AG 56.

•ZWA 'BRUM Blind nettle, white dead nettle. Lamium album. TDD 104. Stinging nettle. Urtica dioica. TDD 197.

•ZA MA [1] Neuter or eunuch. One who lacks sexual organs. Pabongka, Liberation II 76. dus kyi bye brag cig. ma ning. In Mvy. 8774, corresponds to ṣaṇḍha, explained to mean a female eunuch (unsuitable for monastic orders). skyes pa na yang skyes pa, za ma na yang za ma, ma ning na yang ma ning. Zhi-byed Coll. V 361.7. See J. Gyatso in History of Religions 43 (2003) 113. [2] More generally means 'spouse.' za ma chos ma grub na mo ngan yin. Zhi-byed Coll. V 235.2. Note discussion of the phrase "za ma bud med" in Janet Gyatso, Spelling Mistakes, Philology and Feminist Criticism: Women and Boys in Tibetan Medicine, Revue d’Etudes Tibétaines, vol. 14 (October 2008), pp. 81-98, at p. 87, note 20. BHBW 323. [3] in some older texts, it seems to mean a much shorter period of time, but generally it means a meal break as a measure of time. dus brgya la za ma nad cig tu gda' yis. Zhi-byed Coll. V 524.6.

•ZA MA TOG This large 'basket'-shaped metal & jewel container is shown in the iconography of Atiśa and other Indian pundits. It may contain notes written by the person or scriptures or some kind of treasures. Some misinterpret it as 'food container.' nor rdzas kyi snod cig. sgam kha sbyar zhig. Btsan-lha. This would seem to be a 'hidden' Tibetan borrowing of Skt. samudgaka (see Mvy.).

•ZA MA MO = za ma. = bud med. woman. Karmay, Treasury. Bellezza, D&B 140.

•ZA MA'I BU RDZI bud med kyi byis pa 'tsho mkhan. Nomads 248.

•ZA MIN DAR landlord. Borrowing from Urdu. Francke, Antiquities II 146.

•ZWA TSHOD nettles. Naga in TJ 24 no. 3 (1999) 71.

•ZA ZA yum. ma. Btsan-lha.

•ZA ZA MO woman. Karmay, Treasury vocab.

•ZA ZI = zang zing. = zang nge zing nge. chaotic, disordered, tumultuous. Klong-chen-pa 8.8, 9.19. [become] anxious. Stearns, SR 43.

•ZA 'OG [1] kha cher dar gyi tshon sna lnga 'dus pa la za 'og zer. Mkhyen-brtse, Works III 183. gong 'og. gos chen. Btsan-lha. SS 528.1. I think this word must relate to a Persian word for silk (see under zar babs). Bellezza in RET 29 (2014) 190, with various spellings za bog, za 'ug, za bug, and even simply zab. [2] Mvy. 5868 gives this, with alternative spelling za 'ug, as equiv. to Skt. citrapaṭa, which ought to simply mean a painting, although I suppose it could also refer to cloth with colorful figures on it.

•ZA RA TSHAG chu 'gro sa'i wa kha. Btsan-lha.

•ZA RES Namdak.

•ZAG some kind of animal mount or support in ritual contexts. Bellezza, D&B 122.

•ZAG BCAS Skt. sāsrava. contaminating influences. Germano, Poetic Thought 859.

•ZAG PA sometimes it just means 'waste,' or even 'excrement.' Zhi-byed Coll. IV 379.6. nyon mongs pa. Btsan-lha. outflows. Actually, it is more literal to call it an inflow, although I take it to mean an internal outflow, an 'oozer.' Skt. āśrava (Mvy. no. 2141), a synonym or 'state' of the kleśas, often translated as 'fluxes' ('exhudations' may be a workable translation). See Encyclopedia of Buddhism, under "āsava" and "āśrava." See discussion by F. Deleanu in Buddhist ‘Ethology’ in the Pāli Canon: Between Symbol and Observation, The Eastern Buddhist, new series vol. 32, no. 2 (2000) 79-127, at p. 96. Explained by Roberts, King, as a term of Jain origin referring to uncontrolled thoughts or distraction by objects, and therefore 'leaks.'

•ZAG PA RGYUN GTOR 'continual offering of excretions.' For mantras for phlegm, snot, perspiration, feces & urine, see Pabongka, Liberation II 71.

•ZAG PA ZAD PA Skt. kṣīṇāsrava. Mvy. no. 1075. EoB VI 206-207.

•ZAG ZOG zol zog. Gces 585.6. zol zog gam zog rdzu. Btsan-lha.

•ZAG LAG BRGYAD PA See zab lag brgyad pa.

•ZAG LHAN MA BYAS PA chu 'dzag sgo ma bkag pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZAGS SNA lit, 'dripping nose.' a posterior pulmonary lobe of the lungs. Yangga's dissert., p. 286.

•ZAGS PA technically the past of zag pa, it means 'leakage,' as in leakage of secrets, which may involve still other kinds of losses. Zhi-byed Coll. V 243.7. bla mas thugs la btags nas snang [~gnang] ba'i gdams ngag khar zags su ma gzhug. Zhi-byed Coll. V 395.2.

•ZANG rkyang pa'am sgrib pa med pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZANG KA penetrating (?), permeable, loopholed. Klong-chen-pa 9.14 comm., 9.21. ye shes gsal dag zad ka ste. 91 I 588.3.

•ZANG KA MA permeable. (?) Klong-chen-pa 9.19. Germano, Poetic Thought 953.

•ZANG RKYANG kha rkyang ngam 'ba' zhig. Dpe-chos 508. Btsan-lha.

•ZANG GIS zang thal du. Gces 589.6. bar mtshams med pa zang thal du. Btsan-lha.

•ZANG NGE ZING NGE tousled, ruffled (used of hair, clothes, etc.). Monlam.

•ZANG TIG Saxifraga moorcroftiana. Wangchuk, Bioactive 27.

•ZANG THAL [= zang ka thal byung, OR zang mthal] passing-right-through. Awareness is said to "pass right through" obstacles like a body "passing through" a wall. Skt. tamrabhasma (copper ash??). OR, = zang nge thal le ba (?). Klong-chen-pa 3.6. transparent. Thondup, BM 363. Germano, Poetic Thought 953. The phrase ye shes zang thal occurs in Samdo A IV 255v.5. thad kar 'gro ba. thogs rdugs med par 'gro ba. Btsan-lha. Dagyab. yul sems gnyis myed zang thal la // tha dad 'dzin pa nyon re mongs. Zhi-byed Coll. I 323.6.

•ZANG MA [1] passing-through. (?) Klong-chen-pa 7.6. kho na'am rkyang pa. exclusive. Karmay, Treasury. [2] rgod kyi zang ma rgyal po bya. Lde'u 268. Here it would seem to be equiv. to gtsang ma, pure.

•ZANG MAR always, without admixture. T&BS II 278.

•ZANG ZING OT = sha. = zas. (see za zi, ?) Blaṅ 290.3, q.v. sha. zas. rnyed pa. 'dod yon. Btsan-lha. possessions, luxury objects.

•ZANG ZING PHAN PHUN zang zing dam dum. Btsan-lha.

•ZANGS copper. = tā mraṃ. JD 41. SS 399.2. = me ha ra. YTTM 291.9. SS 505.1. DG 106.4. Also called zangs ma, nyi ma'i lus, dmar mchog, kla klo'i kha, lcags dmar, zangs dmar. Rin 56.

•ZANGS KYIS thogs rdugs med par zangs thal du 'gro ba. Btsan-lha.

•ZANGS KHRO stockpot. Hill, Aspirated 485.

•ZANGS GRI copper-cutters. See Schmied 146.

•ZANGS 'GAR des na zangs 'gar gyi grub mtha' la mi brten par chags pa med par gyis dang. 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001) VI 241.2.

•ZANGS BRGYA' zangs kyi sgrom bu. Btsan-lha. Hill in RET 10 (2006) 92.

•ZANGS TIG JD 131. SS 451.3. DG 247.2.

•ZANGS THAL NYI SHU a medicinal preparation. BP 331.5.

•ZANGS THAL NYER LNGA a medicinal preparation. TMC 40 (86). BP 167.6, 216.4.

•ZANGS THAL NYER DRUG PA a medicinal preparation. Three Tibetan Medical Texts 47 ff.

•ZANGS RDO JD 57. DG 115.2. copper sulfate. Simioli, AG 57. "Chlcocitum." (That means chalcolite, or copper sulfate, an important copper ore.) Rin 74.

•ZANGS SDER [deriv. from sder ma, plate] a plate with a small pedestal attached, made of copper. Hon.: gsol sder. Schmied 193.

•ZANGS SNA glo ma zangs sna. DD illus. 19.

•ZANGS BU chu snod. Btsan-lha. Bellezza, D&B 123.

•ZANGS MA [1] rgyu bon zangs ma'o / rgyu bon gsha' ma zhes pa'i don no. 506A 338. [2] lit., 'copper one,' name of a channel. Yangga's dissert., p. 299.

•ZANGS MA'I GLEGS BU zangs las bzos pa'i leb mo pang leb lta bu. Btsan-lha.

•ZANGS MO CHE vessel used in royal burials. Haarh, Yar-luṅ 354, etc.

•ZANGS RTSI sngo sman gyi rigs ldum bu reg 'byar. Btsan-lha. See tsha la.

•ZANGS RTSI DKAR PO Bedstraw, Cleavers. Galium aparine. TDD 81.

•ZANGS RTSI BA Varieties: dkar po (= gsang ba sman gcig, seng ge 'jigs med), nag po (= ma thang 'ching bu). JD 197. SS 484.2. KP1 101.4. KP3 275.7. KP4 439.4. = ri sha wa. YTTM 292.7.

•ZANGS TSHAGS pho ba'i zangs tshags. DD illus. 17.

•ZANGS ZE CAN See bya.

•ZANGS YAG Prob. for zang yag, a specific high number. Samdo A IV 138v.2. Rolf Stein's The World in Miniature, p. 335 (zang yag, thang yag). But, see under bzang yag.

•ZANGS KYI YI GE PA zangs kyis bzos pa'i byang bu'i thog go gnas sogs bkod yod pa'i thob rtags dang yi ge pa'i go gnas gnyis ldan can. Btsan-lha.

•ZANGS LAN a disease of goats. Bellezza, L&T 60.

•ZAD PA [1] finish, extinguish, exhaust. [2] in final position: +...r zad do. It's nothing but, that's it, that's that, that's all there is to it. de ni bsgoms drags pas sems phyi rol tu byung bas mthong zhing thos par zad do. It's just that this [these objects] I contemplated too hard, so they emerged in the world outside my mind, and that's the only reason I hear and see them. Stog Palace Kanjur vol. 76, p. 379.4 (in context of discussions about mistaken philosophies).

•ZAD PAR GYI SKYE MCHED all-pervading bases. Pabongka, Liberation II 299. Zhi-byed Coll. I 147.4.

•ZAD PAR BCU zad par sngon po'i ting nge 'dzin / zad par ser po'i ting nge 'dzin / zad par dmar po'i ting nge 'dzin / zad par dkar po'i ting nge 'dzin / zad par sa'i ting nge 'dzin / zad par chu'i ting nge 'dzin / zad par me'i ting nge 'dzin / zad par rlung gi ting nge 'dzin / zad par nam mkha'i ting nge 'dzin / zad par rnam shes kyi ting nge 'dzin rnams so. 600 148-150.

•ZAD BYED pulmonary tuberculosis (evid. the word lit. means 'consumption'). Yangga's dissert., p. 192.

•ZAD ZAD completely consumed, all used up. Jamspal, Treasury 75.

•ZAN a lump of kneaded rtsam pa, known as spag in Central Tibetan. Almogi, MA Thesis 87, n. 255. Can be translated dough.

•ZAN BRTAG dough-ball divination. Tsering Chonzom, The Dalai Lama's Reincarnation Debate: Unravelling Hype, Identifying Interests, China Report 51 no 3 (2015) 258-269, at p. 269, where it seems to be spelled zan rtags. JV (I think mistakenly) spells it gzan brtag.

•ZAN DRON rtsam phye sogs sor mo lnga'i rjes dod nus pa. thug pa'i bye brag cig. Btsan-lha.

•ZAN RDE rtse lde'i chos ston brgya bas zhang zhung dge' po'i zan rde cig 'tshogs che bar gda'o gsung. Zhi-byed Coll. II 154.4.

•ZAN NE bla ma'i zhal du zan ne cig song ba'i cha'i phyogs su... Zhi-byed Coll. IV 63.1.

•ZAN PA [1] a cook. zas g.yo mkhan. Btsan-lha. [2] seng ba [to clean, purify]. Dbus-pa no. 017.

•ZAN PAR wooden molds for molding ritual figures made of flour. See Zara Fleming, The Ritual Significance of Zan par, contained in: Erberto Lo Bue, ed., Art in Tibet, Brill (Leiden 2011), pp. 161-170.

•ZAN SPAGS zan dang mnyan du za rgyu'i tshod ma. Btsan-lha.

•ZAN TSHUL As used in biography of Lo ras pa, I had thought it means a 'food store,' but in context it must mean a 'food giveaway,' in which one distributes food to all comers.

•ZAN YANG bsam yas gtsug lag khang. Btsan-lha. See Das.

•ZAN RIL a dough-ball with a prophecy inside. A form of divination. Havnevik, Dissertation 355.

•ZAB [1] short for zab mo meaning 'deep.' [2] short for za 'og, meaning 'brocade.'

•ZAB LAG BRGYAD PA a medicinal preparation. Prescriptions 117. Lag-len 86.5. = zag lag brgyad pa (Lag-len 38.1). TMC 64 (142).

•ZAB BRLING gting ring po'am phra mo. Btsan-lha.

•ZAB SBYONG Lit., 'profound cultivation.' Specialization, acc. to Dungkar in TJ 8 no. 4 (Winter 1993) 37.

•ZAB LAG CAN See chu rtsa.

•ZAM May be a borrowing from Mongolian zam, 'postal station,' as in rta zam. Beyer, CT Lang. 145.

•ZAM PA bridge. On origins of bridges in Tibet, see Haarh, Yar-luṅ 121. See also Stearns, King 35 ff.

•ZAM BAR MA CHAD PA 'ongs dang chu bo sogs la zam pa btsugs pa bar du ma chad pa ltar zhes pa'o. Dpe-chos 504.

•ZAM 'BUM zam stegs. Btsan-lha.

•ZAM MA CHAD PA rgyun ma chad pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZAM MI ZIM MI winking, drizzling. Soundings 30. =zim me. squinting. [raining] in drops. C&LT 173.

•ZA'U BRIN za rten nam 'tsho rten. Btsan-lha.

•ZAR stag gi zar cung pa. Translated as small tiger's zar [rank]. Dotson, Dissert. 243 (but note p. 315, where zar is translated tentatively as pitchfork). Fringes (? but see below).

•ZAR GOG (Dbus) = 'gram pa. cheeks. MTTP.

•ZAR BABS A term derived from Persian zarbaft (which actually means gold-woven silk, brocade). Akasoy, I&T 8. Laufer, LW 477 no. 119.

•ZAR BU [1] drops of fat in the soup. [2] fringes. thang tshil gyi thig pa / kha tshar sogs. Namdak. Richardson, Corpus 19.

•ZAR MA Nagano in Karmay, New Horizons 585. JD 215. = til dmar. KP1 155. KP3 300.3. KP4 478.5. Sesamum orientale. LW 448. Skt. atasī. Mvy. no. 5665. Linseed. Linum usitatissimum. TDD 110. See Helen Johnson, Grains in Mediaeval India, JAOS 61 (1941) 170 (no. 5), which says it means the common flax (also called in Skt. umā & kṣumā). See ri skyes zar ma.

•ZAR ZIR See ban bun. 367 II 133.2.

•ZAR ZUR n. of a very high number. Samdo A III 109r.5. sbyin pa chang chung la sogs dge ba yi // las la 'bad pa'i rnam thar zar zur mchis // 'dir bri ma lang zur du gzigs par zhu. Samdo A III 188r.3.

•ZAR RAB mint master. Borrowing from Urdu. Francke, Antiquities II 146.

•ZAL zal zhes pa dkar zhur gyi brda rnying du snang ba / mdo khams zal mo sgang zhes pa'ang yul gyi gzhung thams cad gangs ri rgyun ma chad pa dkar pos thig btab pa bzhin yod pa la brten nas. Mkhyen-brtse, Works V 60-61. Note: dkar zal also means a 'white stripe' (see Yisun).

•ZAL THON gzengs thon pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZAL PO khra bo. Btsan-lha.

•ZAS BSKRU zas slong ba. Btsan-lha.

•ZAS GRIB As a type of pollution, see Epstein, Dissertation 90.

•ZAS BSNGOS blessed food (offered to a dead person as part of funerary rite). Sources.

•ZAS BSNYOD zas za ba'am sos bldad pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZAS GTAD an Old Tibetan funerary rite. See Cuevas, Hidden History 34-36.

•ZAS 'THEB za ma'i rin. Btsan-lha.

•ZAS MNOG PA zas 'dzad dka' ba. Btsan-lha.

•ZAS DMAR 'date' (the fruit). Norbu in TH&L 384. Also, tso ril.

•ZAS SMAN BCU PA BT 27r.4.

•ZAS BZHI [1] kham gyi zas / reg pa'i zas / sems pa'i zas / rnam shes kyi zas rnams so. 600 33. See discussion in EoB VI 75. Lde'u 57, where the meaning is problematic. [2] Lde'u 198 explains zas bzhi as the four original differentiated foods in the Buddhist creation story: earth fat, earth essence, vegetable food and uncultivated rice.

•ZAS LA BRKAMS PA zas za 'dod che ba'am ltogs pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZAS LA 'THU 'THUS zas la 'thu 'thus / 'thu zhes pa skabs thob kyis sman dang me tog 'thu ba sogs mang yang 'dir zas la zhes pa'i tshig dang 'brel bas dper na bya [59r2] ba'am gros la theb la de la 'thus zer ba ltar zas de'i rgyu lta bu 'don pa la thebs 'thu 'thus zer ba yin 'dra. Dalai Lama VII, Yig.

•ZAS BSOD PA zas bzang ba'am g.yos legs pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZAS BSREL zas bzang ba'am zhim pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZI KHYIM OT deriv. of Skt. dzhaiksim. = gser dmar po. Blaṅ 309.3-.4, q.v. a gold alloy. Btsan-lha. BLKC, vol. 1, p. 329. There is a sustained discussion about this in a book entitled Metal Plating and Patination, ed. by Susan La-Niece et al. (Oxford 1993), at pp. 120-122 (seen at Googlebooks). Tucci had the idea it was borrowed from Chinese. There is also an article by Alessandra Giumlia-Mair.

•ZI THOM ME 'gro rang mi nus sam snyam tsa na rlung skyes nas shes pa zi thon me byas khyar khyor 'gro nus tsam byung. 64 I 33.6.

•ZI LDIR to judge from the picture (which looks rather like a tick!) and inscription, it probably means cicada. = zil der. JD 255. Spelled zi ldi ra, in SS 538.2.

•ZI NA a clan. Btsan-lha.

•ZI BUN PA snang ba zi bun pa, 'experiences a thrill.' Gyatso, Apparitions 223.

•ZI MA variant spelling for gze ma, q.v. Karmay in JIABR 1 (2013) 22. Bellezza in RET 29 (2014) 173 ff.

•ZI MO Haarh, Yar-luṅ 368.

•ZI MO PA the friends and relatives of the deceased. Tan, Theses 114 n. 1.

•ZI ZI [1] lady. A reduplicated borrowing from Urdu. Francke, Antiquities II 146. [2] buzzing, the sound bees make. See Toh. no. 217 (Śrīgupta Sūtra), p. 550.4: bung ba zi zi zer bar gyur pa'i padma...

•ZI YON also spelled si yon, this seems to be a borrowing from a Chinese word used for imperial grants. Sperling in Lungta 14 (2001) 82.

•ZI RA me stag. Btsan-lha. cumin seed. LW 475. caraway. Dhongthog. Skt. jīraka (Hindi jeera; Cuminum cyminum).

•ZI RA KĀ See po so cha.

•ZI RA DKAR PO JD 1986. KP4 574.1. SS 419.2. Mdo 363.

•ZI RA 'CHUB funkeln, glitzern. Kaschewsky2.

•ZI RA GNYIS YTTM 291.1.

•ZI RA NAG PO JD 187. a tree. SS 419.4. Mdo 366. TDD 120. This is supposed to be Nigella sativa, which is the spice seed nowadays called either Nigella or Black Cumin (the plant is called "devil in a bush" or "love in a mist," or "black onion seed" and it often is, but shouldn't be, confused with onion seed, which looks very similar but tastes different). According to Islamic "Prophet's medicine" it can be used for every illness apart from death itself.

•ZI RA SER PO = ze ter. YTTM 293.19.

•ZI LA = zi ling (?). DG 113.1. A smeltable metal compound, made of tin with small amounts of copper and lead. Rin 68. BLKC I 342.

•ZI LING = zi lim, zi lang. white copper. LW 519.

•ZI HUNG pale mauve. Jackson.

•ZIG brick [of tea]. See under ja sig. This may go back to Sumerian sig, sunburnt clay tile.

•ZIGS TSHO watchmen unit. Tsuguhito Takeuchi (London 2002).

•ZING SKYA pink made from magenta. Jackson.

•ZINGS KYIS THOG TU 'ONG = shar se mchongs nas 'ong ba. BBNP 482.

•ZING THUNG BA brel cing 'tshub sha langs pa'i bsam blo je thung du song ba'am ngang ring ba. Btsan-lha.

•ZING ZAD nus stobs sogs nyams pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZING ZING See spu zing zing.

•ZINGS KYIS shar shar ram shar se. Btsan-lha.

•ZINGS RTSI DKAR PO Galium aparine. Wangchuk, Bioactive 25.

•ZIN rang phyogs pa'am mdza' bshes gnyen nye. Btsan-lha. In post-verbal position, used to make completed past.

•ZIN TIG bdud rtsi zin tig. Varieties: dkar, dmar. KP1 112.6. KP3 281.2. KP4 447.6. = sha rdum.

•ZIN TIG DKAR PO JD 202.

•ZIN TIG CU GANG BRGYAD PA a medicinal preparation. Prescriptions 112. Lag-len 82.1.

•ZIN THUN jotted notes. Lde'u 337. Sometimes seems to be used as a way of speaking modestly about actual books, but in reality it ought to be something much less formal. A near synonym of zin bris, q.v.

•ZIN BRIS brjed byang du bris pa. As a genre term, discussed in Kuijp, Treatise 404.

•ZIN GZAN from Chin. Blaṅ 311.2.

•ZIM ME squinting. spyan zim me dar gcig dgongs pa la bzhugs so. Kun-dga'-rin-chen, Works (2003) III 557.1.

•ZIM ZIM zum zum. Gces 589.3.

•ZIR BUN zang zing ngam ban bun. Btsan-lha.

•ZIL brightness, splendor. Arabic jila, compare Skt. jval, 'to shine.' Bhattacharya, LW 355, no. 54. Compare also Sumerian zil, to be bright, light. Tóth no. 87. Translated 'aura' in Stearns, SR 71.

•ZIL GYIS GNON PA'I SKYE MCHED overpowering bases. Pabongka, Liberation II 301. Skt. kṛtsnāyatanāni. See Wayman, BI 74 ff. for a discussion of the kasiṇa (Skt. kṛtsna) meditations. See also EoB VI 145-147.

•ZIL GYIS BROS PA ran away hard.

•ZIL DNGAR OT = bdud rtsi. Skt. amṛta. Blaṅ 302.3.

•ZIL MNGAR GYIS GCIN PA sbrang rtsis sbrus pa'am sbags pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZIL DER See zi ldir.

•ZIL GNON outshine, outstrip, overpower. zil gnon gsum: listed in Klong-chen-pa 12.8 comm.

•ZU GU PA scout, guard. so pa'am bya ra pa zhes pa'i yul skad. Dpe-chos 509. Btsan-lha.

•ZU TSE An obscure word found in some titles translated from Chinese.

•ZU LUM oppression, injustice. Borrowing from Urdu. Francke, Antiquities II 146.

•ZUG [1] = zer. "say." Kuijp (1986) 36. [2] 'bying bar 'gyur ba'i 'dam rdzab. Nomads 248. [3] bore, penetrate, pierce the surface, take control. [4] bark [of a dog]. See gzug.

•ZUG SKYAN Tan, Theses 105.

•ZUG PA barking. wa dang spyang dang khyi sogs kyi skad. Btsan-lha. howling, barking? to bark. Dagyab. T&BS I 340.

•ZUG GZER See Yisun. rnal 'byor pa'i rgyud la rtog pa'i zug gzer ma phyin na. Zhi-byed Coll. II 16.2.

•ZUGS YAR GRAGS OT = dril bsgrags. Khetsun Sangpo, History 92.

•ZUNG [1] (as in yid la zung). begreifen, verstehen (shes). Kaschewsky2. [2] Skt. yamaka (zung dang ldan). replication (of strings of sounds) in poetry. Rabsal 113 argues that Sa-chen Kun-dga'-snying-po was the first to use them in Tibetan poetry.

•ZUNG KHYOGS mi gnyis kyis 'degs pa'i khyogs. Btsan-lha.

•ZUNG NGA glang po'i so 'dra ba'i phur pa dang thag pa'i gdang ba. Btsan-lha.

•ZUNG 'JUG See yel 'phyos. rig pa dang stong pa gnyis med pas / zung 'jug zhes bya. Zhi-byed Coll. V 368.6.

•ZUNG 'JUG CHEN PO Zhi-byed Coll. II 324.7.

•ZUNG DANG SNREL ZHI'I RGYUD LA MKHAS PA RNAMS Skt. yamakavyatyastāhārakuśalāḥ. Mvy. 798.

•ZUNG BZHI YA BRGYAD Thondup, BM 4.

•ZUNGS BDUN See lus zungs bdun.

•ZUN dgra zun gyi ru phyed pa ni / dgra gnyen gyi khyad par phyed pa. 367 II 128.5. An archaism for gnyen, 'companion, friend (or perhaps something helpful or favorable to oneself)' Samdo A III 235v.4, 251v.4; V 171v.4. rang phyogs pa'am mdza' bshes gnyen 'brel. Btsan-lha. dgra dang zun [~gnyen] gyi rgyal po rnams. 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001) IV 29.4. gnyen nas yid dga' ba'i phyogs te dgra zun zhes pa'ang yod. Dagyab. zin dang dgra zun zer ba dang rang phyogs yid gcugs zun. Chödag. zun nas / zug nas. Dbus-pa no. 500. See Namdak under dgra zun.

•ZUB PHYI A kind of bka'-btags of medium quality. Dungkar in TJ 8 no. 4 (Winter 1993) 42. Spelled "zub shi" in Emma Martin, Gift, Greeting or Gesture: The Khatak and the Negotiating of Its Meaning on the Anglo-Tibetan Borderlands, Himalaya 35 no 2 (Jan 2016) 56-72, at p. 60, with photo.

•ZUBS PA subs pa. Dpe-chos 516.

•ZUM PA get closed (mouth, eye, flower, wound).

•ZUM SE ZUM mig yang yang btsum nas ches cher lta ba. Btsan-lha.

•ZUR [1] corner. [2] allusion. [3] In family names, see Dargyay, TVC 48, etc. a clan. Btsan-lha. [4] In one context, JS takes it to mean an [astrological] influence of a negative kind.

•ZUR BKOL man ngag sogs zur du bzhag pa. Utpal 21.5.

•ZUR KHYAD dmigs bsal gyi khyad chos. Btsan-lha.

•ZUR CHAG GI SKAD 133 9.4.

•ZUR CHOD split up, sub-divided (land, etc.), cragged. Sources.

•ZUR GNYIS double meaning, pun. Skt. śleṣa.

•ZUR DU BKOL BA extracted, abridged [from].

•ZUR SDONG mnyam du gshigs pa'i grogs po. Btsan-lha.

•ZUR PA See sho zur.

•ZUR PA DKAR PO See (sman) sga.

•ZUR PA BDUD RTSI BCU THANG BT 11v.3.

•ZUR BA Skt. jaḍuvāra, jatuvāra. Mvy. 5814. This apparently means lac of superior quality.

•ZUR BA TING See se rgod.

•ZUR ZA BA gzhan gyi 'dod pa la mi 'dod. criticize, emphasise faults, feed on insinuations.

•ZUR BZOS kha skong lhan thabs. Btsan-lha.

•ZUR RA sentinel (?). Bellezza, Divine Dyads 326.

•ZUR LUGS RDO RJE CAN See (spyi 'joms) rdo rje can.

•ZUR GSO BA zur ram logs su dran gso byas pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZUL GYIS slowly, gradually. Samdo A IV 188v.6.

•ZUL LU LU bla ma mthong na g.yas su zul lu lu g.yon du zul lu lu 'gro gsung. 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001) VI 252.4.

•ZUS NAS OT = zug nas. Blaṅ 297.1. Lcang-skya. Btsan-lha. zus nas / zug nas / tsher ma zug nas zhes pa lta bu. Dalai Lama VII, Yig.

•ZE RNGOG See rngog.

•ZE TER See zi ra ser po.

•ZE TOG BLKC I 6.

•ZE DAM a seal placed on a braid in the horses mane for identification. Goldstein.

•ZE PROG [1] cockscomb. [2] sgo lcags kyi ze ma'i rtse dang ze ba'i rtse. Btsan-lha. Dung-dkar 167, in chorten description.

•ZE PHROG g.yer po'am bdar ba. Btsan-lha.

•ZE BA mane (of an animal). See under ze prog.

•ZE 'BRU See ge sar. More often spelled ze'u 'bru. I believe the ze'u is a diminutive of zi, which is related to rdzi [ma], [eye]lash, so that the word as a whole refers to both the anthers of the flower and the 'grains' at their tips. (But sometimes the 'stamen' or the whole center of the flower is what is intended.)

•ZE MA eyelash. Goldstein. Evid. just spelling var. for gzi ma.

•ZE MANG SKYUR BA ze mang ni za po dang skyur ba ni phye thug sogs la za po brgyab pa'am btab pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZE TSE (?) See under glong thang.

•ZE TSHWA JD 70. a mineral. SS 410.5. nitrum. Simioli, AG 63. =sa'i shel, tsha hrag can, me 'bar tshwa. Rin 163.

•ZE LANGS btsun tshugs nyams nas 'dod chags kyis gzir bas ca co 'don pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZE SLONG BA 'dod pa'i tshig smra ba. Btsan-lha.

•ZEG MA G.YO BYED See pi pi ling.

•ZEGS PA rnying pa dang lhung ba. nyams pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZEGS MA cha shas sam nyag ma dang 'thor ma. Btsan-lha. See gzegs ma.

•ZEGS TSAM cung tsam mam chung ngu. Btsan-lha.

•ZENG prob. mistake for zing.

•ZED phag zed, zangs zed. copper brush, pighair brush. Schmied 141.

•ZED PA nyams pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZE'U [1] a clan. Btsan-lha. [2] rin po che'i ze'ur bcug nas. Zhi-byed Coll. II 109.4. rab tu gnas par bya ste ze'ur blug. Zhi-byed Coll. I 82.1. small wooden bowl. Goldstein. Is this a diminutive of zo?

•ZE'U KA or, ze'u kha. Some kind of unidentified precious stone. Almogi, Materiality 255.

•ZER CIG See yung ba.

•ZER MCHU lab lob. Gces 584.5.

•ZER GNYIS Achard, L'Essence 140.

•ZER PHRENG This is said to mean the 'string of rays' that you sometimes see near the time of sunset.

•ZER MA (wie ein) Lichtstrahl, d.h. ungreifbar. Kaschewsky2. chu thigs. rlung. Btsan-lha.

•ZER MO [1] n. of a small bird. Karmay, Arrow 348. JD 229. SS 498.6. a bird. Clifford, list. [2] See Emmerick in G. Meulenbeld & D. Wujastyk, Studies on Indian Medical History, Motilal (Delhi 2001) 62, where he decides to translate it as 'antelope.' Occurs in a list of animals, paired with the te lo, in G.yung-drung Bon-gyi Bka'-'gyur Rin-po-che, Khedup Gyatso, TBMC (1985) III 336.5. Here it is apparently for gzer mo (q.v.), 'porcupine.'

•ZO khams. rang bzhin. Btsan-lha.

•ZO CHU 'dod pa'i gnas der zo chus chu rgyun bsring. Zhi-byed Coll. I 274.5. snga ris kyi zo chu des 'khor ba'i chos thams cad gtan la phab pa rgod bro gsung. Ibid. II 160.5. zo chu khyud mo gyen mthur 'gro la brtson. Ibid. I 284.6. srid pa'i 'khor lor ris drug gi skye gnas su zo chu khyud mo bzhin du 'khor ba'o. Ibid. V 234.1.

•ZO CHU KHYUD 'KHOR chu bcu ba'i 'phrul 'khor. Btsan-lha.

•ZO CHU MA BYUNG MO chu'i khor lo'i rgyun. Gces 588.2.

•ZO CHUN bucket-wheel, "A devise for raising water from a well for irrigation, consisting of buckets fixed to an endless rope passing over a wheel, so as to fill themselves at the bottom and empty themselves at the top." Essential Nectar. Skt. araghaṭṭa (related to 'irrigate'?! The Skt. means 'pots [connected to] spokes). T&BS I 51. 476 IV 402.1. Related to zo ba. BBNP 477, 484. See B. Laufer, The Noria or Persian Wheel, Oriental Studies in Honour of C.E. Pavry (1933). Lallanji Gopal, Araghaṭṭa in Early Indian Texts, Sternbach Festschrift. sa mthon por chu 'dren byed kyi 'khor lo. Btsan-lha. The bucket-wheel (ghaṭiyantra) of rebirth is something that figures in a very early version of the Wheel of Life. See Neumann in TS9 VII 77-78. See Hahn in Archiv Orientalni, vol. 71 (2003), p. 537 (verse 222). Hahn, VG 437 (verse 90). For much discussion of the araghaṭṭa type of water-wheel, which in first millennium CE and beyond seems to have been powered by human hands and feet (not animal traction), see Habib, Pursuing 8; illustrations in Irfan Habib, Joseph Needham & the History of Indian Technology, Indian J. of Hist. of Sciences 35 no 3 (2000) 245-274, at p. 254. Acc. to Habib, it was first attested in India (its likely place of origin) in 532 CE in an inscription (the gearing mechanism that allowed use of animal power arose sometime before 1500).

•ZO CHUN RGYUD PA'I 'KHOR LO Skt. aragaṭṭacakra. Mvy. 2833. Csoma's translation is amusing: "The circle described by the quick turning round of a mendicant's small water pot."

•ZO CHUN BRGYUD MO chu 'dren 'khor lo. Btsan-lha.

•ZO DOR Ortsgottheit. Kaschewsky2.

•ZO MDOG Namdak. nad bral lus de zo mdog snga sor tshud. Zhi-byed Coll. I 288.2.

•ZO POR skyogs [ladle, dipper]. Dbus-pa no. 758.

•ZO BA a pail. a measure, about the equiv. of a litre. Havnevik, Dissertation 311. Ramble in Karmay, New Horizons 298 ff. says it is about half a litre (but on p. 315, n. 4, he says it is one twentieth of a 'bo khal).

•ZO BO Almogi, MA Thesis 155.

•ZO MAR = rgya phrum. "cream on unboiled milk, butter." T&BS II 278. "butter [that has accumulated] on the wall of the bucket": 'o ma'i zo ba'i mar rnying lta bu. Chödag. SS 529.6.

•ZO BZANG rang bzhin bzang po drang zhing bsam pa dge ba. Btsan-lha.

•ZO RA sickle. Sometimes spelled zor ba, q.v.

•ZO RIG a ritual sickle. Bellezza, D&B 26.

•ZO RIS As in, zhag gi zo ris. Mistake for zhag gi sor ris. = sor mo gsum gyi ri mo. Blaṅ 311.6. gdong pa sogs la zhag sogs byugs pa'i sor ris. byugs pa'i rdzas shig. Btsan-lha. See so ris.

•ZO LA TING 'DZIN 87 I 140.3.

•ZO GSOD overseer (?). BA 300.

•ZOG domestic item. deceive, cheat.

•ZOG SKOR a food item, steamed food made from flour, shaped like tome (?) or arch shape. Khenrap in TJ 25 no. 4 (2000) 56.

•ZOG LE rgya'i zog le. See bhi sha grom.

•ZOG SEMS CAN domestic animal.

•ZONG = rgyu, = nom pa. BBNP 483. nged pha spad la zong bre gang myed. Zhi-byed Coll. II 301.7.

•ZON See bag zon.

•ZON PA Yisun says it's equiv. to zom pa. A type of footwear or shoe. Ex.: One who wears his shoes backward. zon pa phyin ci log tu gyon pa gcig. Lde'u 314.

•ZON BYED PA sems chung byas pa'i ming. Eimer, Dbyangs 56. to take care. Jamspal, Treasury 71.

•ZOM See pho zom, mo zom, ras zom. A pointed [something]. skye ba'i sdug bsngal ni zom mig nas phyung ba lta bu. Gold Ms. I 3r.1. khog pa. khog stong. zam pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZOM SHING See rnga zom.

•ZOR an offering hurled towards the enemy. Karmay, Treasury. Gutschow, Being a Buddhist Nun 154. Prince Peter, Zor: A Western Tibetan Ceremonial Goat Sacrifice. Folk: Dansk Ethnografisk Tidsskrift 16/17 (1974-5) 309-12.

•ZOR MDA' magical weapon arrow. Sba 3.

•ZOR BA [1] sickle. I note a clear instance of usage in Old Tibetan Chronicles. See under zo ra. [2] medical instrument for scraping cankers. lce gshags pa'i zor ba. JD 276 (item 5).

•ZOR BU scythe. Samdo A III 108r.6.

•ZOR LO GOR rdo zor lo gor. See ha shig.

•ZOL brlob mas [~slob mas] zol 'grogs byas pa'i lan bla mas kyang g.yag 'grogs bya ba las mi tub pa yin. Zhi-byed Coll. IV 55.7.

•ZOL BA = g.yo can. BBNP 483.

•ZOL MA g.yo sgyu. Lcang-skya.

•ZOL RDZONGS dper na bag ma'i zol rdzongs dang 'dra ste. Zhi-byed Coll. III 133.2.

•ZOL ZOG joking lie. skyag brdzun. Gces 586.5. Perhaps the zol sog in the following: myi 'dris spangs pas zol sog myed ces pa. Zhi-byed Coll. IV 233.4. zol sog gi rtsa ba bral bas nyes ltung la 'byung sa med pa'o. Zhi-byed Coll. III 145.7.

•ZOL SOG See zol zog.

•ZRE an animal said to prey on small birds. One of a set called gcan bzhi, 'four carnivores,' that occurs in Sgra-'grel comm. on the Mdzod-phug. This is a very strange word, which shouldn't even happen according to usual spelling rules. It also looks very weird in Tibetan script. I wonder to myself it might come from an abbreviated way of writing the first syllable of gzer mo (or zer mo), meaning weasle or porcupine or mongoose or the like, but the weasle given its tendencies to destroy young birds in the nest seems the more likely candidate.

•ZLA GAM a 'sitting bag.' Rhies & Thurman 201, 254 (also 270?). I guess it also means an upper mantle made of heavy material (see phyam tshe). Discussion in Stoddard, Early 46.

•ZLA GOR ZHO SHA See gla gor zho sha.

•ZLA CAN See co ka.

•ZLA GCIG DRUNG 'KHOR 4 officials over gzim chung pa. Velm I 139.

•ZLA CHA skyon cha. Btsan-lha.

•ZLA THEBS zla grogs gnyen 'brel. Btsan-lha.

•ZLA PHENG ? Kuijp (1986) 38.

•ZLA PHYID zla ba cig tsam 'khyol thabs byed pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZLA BA for different types of month names, see Klong-rdol 790. Also, LW 530. May also be a verb form, to pass.

•ZLA BA'I KHRI SHING moon creeper. Simioli, AG 61.

•ZLA BA GYEN LDOG a medicinal preparation. BP 226.3.

•ZLA BA BCU GNYIS nyi skar gyi dbang du byas pa'i zla ba bcu gnyis ni / mgo zla ba / rgyal zla ba / mchu zla ba / dbo zla ba / nag pa zla ba / sa ga zla ba / snron zla ba / chu stod zla ba / gro zhun zla ba / khrums stod zla ba / tha skar zla ba / smin drug zla ba rnams so. 600 155.

•ZLA BA'I LCUG MA See so ma ra dza.

•ZLA BA'I RDUL See so ma ra dza.

•ZLA BA'I BU gza' lhag pa'i ming.

•ZLA BA'I YAL GA See sing lding.

•ZLA BA'I RI MO See so ma ra dza.

•ZLA BA'I LAM Skt. candravartna. N. of a metre. Hahn, JV 38.

•ZLA TSHES crescent moon.

•ZLA TSHES KYI RDUL See so ma ra dza.

•ZLA MTSHAN lunar mark. doesn't always mean menses, but may also refer to a red powder, to flower pollen, or to a grain incense.

•ZLA MDZES lunar beauty. 1. dbyangs can ma. 2. me tog kunda. Blaṅ 531.

•ZLA BZHI ri dwags bsad pa'i sha sogs rkang lag bzhi. Btsan-lha.

•ZLA 'OD lunar light. See co ka.

•ZLA ROGS [1] chung ma. wife. [2] grogs po. friend. [3] lam rogs. traveling companion. Yisun. Lde'u 276.

•ZLA SHEL lunar crystal. nor bu chu shel. zla ba'i dkyil 'khor. Btsan-lha. a medicinal preparation. Prescriptions 12. Lag-len 13.1. BP 144.2.

•ZLA SHEL CHEN MO TMC 22 (42). BP 218.5.

•ZLA SHEL BDUD RTSI'I THIG PA a medicinal preparation. BP 168.4.

•ZLA SHEL MYU GU lunar crystal sprout, a medicinal preparation. Three Tibetan Medical Texts 175-7. BP 144.6, 325.3.

•ZLA GSANG dngos grub. Btsan-lha.

•ZLA BSIL See g.ya' gyim. See skran 'joms zla bsil.

•ZLAD PA bldad pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZLAS DBYE BA grogs kyis phye ba. Btsan-lha. Skt. dvandva, a type of copulative compound. Mvy. 4726.

•ZLUG PA gnang ba. gtam bshad pa'am rmed pa. las byed pa. Btsan-lha. zlugs pa / gnang ba. Dbus-pa no. 507. Lcang-skya.

•ZLUGS las byed pa. Btsan-lha.

•ZLUM PO [1] circle shaped, round. [2] Skt. vṛttā. N. of a metre. Hahn, JV 38.

•ZLUM PO KHA DBRAG a type of surgical probe. JD 272 (item 6).

•ZLUM PHU SE A mammal. See Sandberg, Tibet 295.

•ZLO DPON = slob dpon. Kuijp (1986) 38.

•ZLO BA = 'gran pa. to contend, vie. Sources. 'chad pa'am smra ba. Btsan-lha.

•ZLOG SGOM explanation in Lo-ras-pa, Gsung-'bum IV 429.

•ZLOG CHAS equipment for expulsion. synonymn for the mdos. Ramble in Karmay, New Horizons 302.

•ZLOG PA RGYAG PA clapping hands in order to turn back evil spirits.

•ZLOS PA to duplicate. 27 33.

•GZAG MJUG See brag spos.

•GZAGS PA OT = zags pa. Blaṅ 286.1. fut. of 'dzags pa. zags pa. Dbus-pa no. 053.

•GZANG BA brkyang ba. Btsan-lha.

•GZANG RING rtse mo sne rno zhing ring ba. Btsan-lha.

•GZANGS ring ba. Btsan-lha.

•GZANGS PA brkyang ba [stretched out, lengthened]. Dbus-pa no. 289.

•GZAN [1] upper shawl of monastic dress. Gateway 24. [2] food. zas. [3] hearing. gsan pa. Btsan-lha.

•GZAN PA shes pa la mi gzan pa ni bsam pa mi gnod pa'am mi phog pa. Dpe-chos 511. gnod pa. gtses pa. gsan pa. Btsan-lha. gsan pa. Dbus-pa no. 089. = gsan pa. Lcang-skya.

•GZAB bag yod (yong?) 'tshal. Gces 583.1. T&BS I 340.

•GZAB 'PHYOR SPROS PA gzab mchor spras pa. Btsan-lha.

•GZABS bag yod pa. Btsan-lha.

•GZA' rtsa dkar ram dbang rtsa dang khrag rtsa dang klad pa sogs la nad byung nas glo bur du 'gyel ba dang brgyal ba'am rkang lag bshal ba dang dbang po nyams pa'i nad drag pa zhig ste: gza' phog, gza' 'phar, gza' brgyab lta bu. Dag-yig. Text 57, 84. Apparently refers to epilepsy (and/or a similar sort of seizure). Yangga's dissert., p. 231, says the description of symtoms are similar to stroke (he takes brjed byed kyi nad to be the term for epilepsy, although on the surface of things it would seem to mean amnesia).

•GZA' SKAR 'KHRO SBYOR besondere Verbindung von Planet und Stern. Kaschewsky2.

•GZA' DGU sngar smos brgyad kyi steng du du ba mjug ring bsnan pa'o. 600 125.

•GZA' RGOD (= mjug ring). Ketu. Kaschewsky2.

•GZA' BRGYAD pa sangs / phur bu / zla ba / lhag pa / mig dmar / sgra gcan / nyi ma / spen pa'o. 600 107.

•GZA' GTAD taking and giving away, give and take (taking charge vs. giving in) Klong-chen-pa 8.8. Karmay, Great Perfection 54 n. 55, 57-8, 113, 119. See under yul la gza' and chos la gza'. Gyatso, Apparitions 64, 'object-aiming.' BA 689, where it is interpreted as 'affirmation.' drang po gtad pa. gza' stad (gza' gtad) dang rtsi gdab myed pa'i spyod pa'i dpe. Zhi-byed Coll. IV 272.1.

•GZA' BTUNG Speise und Trank. Kaschewsky2.

•GZA' DUG JD 203. See gu gul.

•GZA' DUG KHRA BA See rta mig.

•GZA' DUG SER PO See ut pal.

•GZA' BDUN nyi ma / zla ba / mig dmar / lhag pa / phur bu / pa sangs / spen pa rnams so. 600 91.

•GZA' NAD KYI SPYI SMAN BT 56v.2.

•GZA' GSOD See gu gul.

•GZAR [1] to uncover (the shoulder). [2] steep [mountain] slope.

•GZAR THAG OT = dpyang thag. Blaṅ 299.1. spyang thag. Dbus-pa no. 585.

•GZAR BU See 'ladle' in index to Beyer.

•GZAS phyugs kyi rtswa kha. fodder. Nomads 249. sta gon. Dbus-pa no. 213.

•GZAS PA getting ready [to dig]. OT = brdeg par brtsams pa. Blaṅ 289.5. Lcang-skya.

•GZAS PO Zhi-byed Coll. V 143.2 (used in context of describing acts of sorcery).

•GZI [1] Skt. ojas, held to be the quintessence of the 7 bodily elements (hence the purest of the pure products of repeated smelting/digesting), and the most powerful of them all. Silk, Dissert. 318. [2] agate, agate beads (often etched). Nomads 289. JD 34. SS 408.6. DG 89.3, 92.2. Homer's epics mention a three-eyed earring, which may mean agates with three eyes? P.G. Maxwell-Stuart, Homer's Earrings, The American Journal of Philology, vol. 108, no. 3 (Aut 1987), pp. 411-415. Identified by Rin 345 as onyx, said to be excavated only in Tibet (which is an argument against it being onyx!).

•GZI RGYAG MI metal-polishing workers. Christoph Cüppers, Newar Craftsmen Employed by the Early dGa'-ldan pho-brang Rulers, contained in: Corneille Jest, Tej Ratna Kansakar & Mark Turin, eds., Kesar Lall: A Homage on the Occasion of His Buraa Janko (Kathmandu 2004), p. 33.

•GZI BRJID Stein, Tibetica Antiqua I 164, 199.

•GZI RTEN object held beneath the canvas during burnishing with the agate (gzi) burnishing tool. Jackson.

•GZI DUNG Identified as Charonia tritonis (Linne).

•GZI DOM A type of eye shade made with fur bristling outward. Illus. in Yisun.

•GZI PHOL a type of tea. Gnyos 8.

•GZI BYIN Used to translate Chinese term meaning 'majesty, prestige, charisma.' Stein, Tibetica Antiqua I 164.

•GZI MA [1] eyelash. [2] Type of female spirit. Matthew Kapstein, "The Commentaries of the Four Clever Men," East and West, vol. 59, nos. 1-4 (2009), pp. 107-130, at p. 116. See under ze ma.

•GZI RIS designs drawn with the tip of the gzi burnisher on gold. Jackson.

•GZI RE CHUNG gzer re chung. Gces 587.5.

•GZIG A mammal. See Sandberg, Tibet 293. Acc. to Allen, Search 64, this is the Tibetan name for the snow leopard. = thig le can. JD 237.

•GZIG BCOM A mammal. See Sandberg, Tibet 293.

•GZIG CHEN SUM 'GROL a medicinal preparation. BP 279.6.

•GZIG MJUG PA See brag spos.

•GZIG MONG porcupine. Das.

•GZIG LHA mo lha. Nomads 249, 289-290.

•GZIGS DANG GZON = lus dang ngag gi khyad par. Lcang-skya.

•GZIGS PA Likely to be related to Indo-European forms such as sehen, but also Old Chinese.

•GZIGS MO Translating Skt. kautuka. Siglinde Dietz, Sanskrit Fragments of the Abhidharmaśāstra Kāraṇaprajñāpti, contained in: Heinz Bechert, et al., eds., Untersuchungen zur buddhistischen Literatur II, Vandehoeck and Ruprecht (Göttingen 1997), pp. 95‑120, at p. 102.

•GZIGS STANGS GSUM Germano, Poetic Thought 948. Gazes used in Thod-rgal practice. On gazes used in Rdo rje zam pa lineage (perhaps derived from Zhi byed?), see Anspal, Space 165.

•GZINGS spu gzings la ni shi 'gro ba tshun la. BBNP 479.

•GZINGS PA ruffled, ruffed up (?). de'i skabs shig tu mi nag thams cad las kyi bye brag gis gzings pa mthong ba la brten nas... Lho brag Chos 'byung 455.

•GZIM CHUNG PA = gzim spyong ba. official police/body guard at Dalai Lama's residence. watchmen. TS7 I 191.

•GZIM DPON 4 minor attendants of ya sor spyi khyab. Velm I 140. steward-in-chief. Sources.

•GZIMS 'GAG household guard. Sources.

•GZIMS CHUNG PA TRA hon.: ornate dwelling. MTTP.

•GZIMS MAL BRTSIGS KHAB chamberlains. ZZFC 244.

•GZIMS LAM hon.: = rmi lam. dream. MTTP.

•GZU BO phyogs lhung spangs pa'i dpang po. 'phrin skyel ba. Btsan-lha. impartial witness or testifier.

•GZU BO'I BLO pure mind. Thondup, BM 207. Germano, Poetic Thought 896, translates 'impartial outlook.' See Dorji Wangchuk in TS9 X 278, where he says blo gzu bo means 'objectivity.'

•GZU LUM brdzus ma. Gces 589.1. = rang bzo. BBNP 465. = rang bzo. Lcang-skya. rash [people]. Jamspal, Treasury 102. See Mvy. 2966.

•GZU LUM DU SMRA BA gang dran dran bshad pa. Btsan-lha.

•GZU LUMS rang bzo'am rang 'dod. Eimer, Dbyangs 56. stubborn. Jamspal, Treasury 223. rang bzo. Dbus-pa no. 437.

•GZUG See Dagyab under sha gzug. a quarter of a carcass of meat.

•GZUG MKHAN Used in Sba bzhed with evident meaning of 'statue maker,' divined from the context.

•GZUG PA [1] able to bear or sustain. [2] In Lde'u 291, it seems from context to be identical with gtsug pa, to plant, institute, establish.

•GZUG MO porcupine. Norbu, Drung 123.

•GZUGS CAN MA smad 'tshong ma. Dbus-pa no. 670. Lcang-skya.

•GZUGS BRNYAN GYI CHOS Sinitic vocab. for dam pa'i chos ltar bcos pa. The counterfeit Dharma. Stein, Tibetica Antiqua I 163, 185-6.

•GZUGS MO See Emmerick in G. Meulenbeld & D. Wujastyk, Studies on Indian Medical History, Motilal (Delhi 2001) 62, where according to Das it is a species of antelope, but elsewhere some kind of weasel. I think it's a porcupine, and I think I'm right here. = ri dwags rna can, rlung zhon, tsher spu can. JD 248. gzugs mo byi thur, in SS 537.3.

•GZUGS MO BYI THUR ze mong ngam sgang thur. Btsan-lha.

•GZUGS 'DZIN DBANG RTSA DD illus. 26.

•GZUGS 'TSHONG OT = smad 'tshong. Blaṅ 293.1.

•GZUGS BZANG Although of course it lit. means 'good form,' it seems to be used to refer to wrestlers or wrestling.

•GZUGS YOD PA'I KHAMS Early translation of Skt. rūpadhātu. Stein, Tibetica Antiqua I 177.

•GZUGS SU BYAS PA Skt. puttali. Mvy. 7092. Perhaps we ought to call them 'figurines.' Puttali is what the 32 wooden figures that upheld the throne of Vikrama were called in the Vikramacarita. I take puttali to be identical to puttala and puttika, which are words for puppets, dolls, small effigies or statues.

•GZUNG STE 'DUG bskor te 'dug. Btsan-lha.

•GZUNG RNAM aspect of the grasped (aspect of the sense object). Yisun seems, however, to understand it as 'subjective perceiver/knower.

•GZUNG 'DZIN [1] subject-object dichotomy(s). Germano, Poetic Thought 940. [2] It may at times be taken to mean 'grasping at graspable [objects].

•GZUNGS Skt. dhāraṇī. Discussion of its meaning as 'power of retention.' Pabongka, Liberation II 293. sngar thos pa'i chos don mi brjed par 'dzin pa. Btsan-lha. gzungs zhes bya ba ni tshig dang yi ge ji srid du brjod pa'i don gzhan du mi 'gyur bar nges pa'am / ji skad du brjod pa de nam du yang de dang mi 'bral bar gzung ba lta bu la bya zhes lo tsā ba dpal brtsegs kyis gsungs la / gzungs kyi ngo bo ni / dran pa dang shes rab khyad par can gyis byed las dge ba'i chos rnams 'dzin cing mi dge ba'i chos rnams sel ba'i mthu dang ldan pa'o. Gser Sbram 299. ngan 'gror ltung ba las 'dzin pa'am / yang na chos kyi tshig don mi brjed par 'dzin pas na gzungs so zhes bstan dar lha rams pas rdo rje rnam 'joms kyi gzungs kyi 'grel par gsungs. Gser Sbram 359. Almogi, MA thesis 83 n. 241.

•GZUNGS LNGA gzungs 'jug gi skabs kyi gzungs lnga ni / gtsug tor rnam rgyal / gtsug tor dri med / gsang ba ring bsrel / byang chub rgyan 'bum / rten 'brel snying po rnams so. 600 65.

•GZUNGS SPOBS chos don mi brjed par 'dzin cing zad mi shes par 'chad nus pa. Btsan-lha.

•GZUNGS MA Karmay, Great Perfection 54 n. 58, 58. Gyatso, Apparitions 262.

•GZUNGS BZHI bzod pa'i gzungs / sngags kyi gzungs / chos kyi gzungs / don gyi gzungs so. 600 43-44.

•GZUN = gzung. "taken, grasped." Kuijp (1986) 35.

•GZUR See 'dzur.

•GZUR THAG dpyang thag. Btsan-lha. Lcang-skya.

•GZUR BA lud pa. Btsan-lha.

•GZE cher 'jigs pa dang rno ba. Btsan-lha.

•GZE MCHU kha gyong po'am kha rtsod dga' ba. Btsan-lha.

•GZE BA [1] OT = gur. Blaṅ 295.3. gur. Btsan-lha. gzeb [sic!] / gyur [sic!]. [2] as a verb: bya ba sgrim zhing myur ba'am spyod lam dang cha lugs mdzes pa. Btsan-lha. Dbus-pa no. 429. 'phags pa'i thugs rje byin chen la gze ba'i phyir ro. Zhi-byed Coll. V 268.6.

•GZE MA [1] = rdzi ma. "eyelash." Kuijp (1986) 35. [2] Part of the locking mechanism of a Tibetan door. See Tucci, Tibetan Folk Songs, fig. 4. [3] a medicinal, = gze ma ra mgo, q.v. JD 141. SS 496.5. KP1 43.6. KP3 258.3. KP4 395.3. Varieties: lug gze, ra gze. = gho kṣu ri, gho khu ra, bhū kaṇḍa, sa'i tsher ma, a dzi shi ra, ra mgo, si gha, sa ha ga, ga da ra. DG 263.1. Skt. gokṣuraka, gokṣāraka, gokṣuraka (here identified as a horned aquatic plant, Tribulus lanuginosus, which may need to be distinguished from the type that grows on dry land, Tribulus terrestris?). Mvy. 5782. [4] evidently a substance that a vessel might be made out of. 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001) IV 133.5. [5] a type of goddess mentioned in certain phur pa texts acc. to Rob Mayer. Karmay in JIABR 1 (2013) 26. With same meaning, see under zi ma. [6] pinchers. Bellezza in RET 29 (2014) 195, 227.

•GZE MA MCHU phung bkrol byed mkhan. Btsan-lha.

•GZE MA RA MGO Tribulus terrestris. Wangchuk, Bioactive 27 (here spelled gze ma ra go ma; in the thesis itself this herb's properties are analysed). Calthrop. Tribulus terrestris. The name is explained by the thorniness and goat-head shape of the fruits. TDD 193. The seeds have very sharp spines that are a danger to bare feet and are said to be able to puncture bicycle tires (which is why it is known to some as Puncture Vine). This prickly property may explain why it is a name of an earlier polemical tract. It's said to be an aphrodisiac, which may be good news for some, even if it would seem to have little or nothing to do with polemics. See under gzed ma.

•GZE ZONG tshong. Gces 585.6. tshong las. Btsan-lha. zog po rnams kyi gze' zong mdzod. Zhi-byed Coll. II 283.6.

•GZE RE = bzod bsran chung bar mi bya. BBNP 482. gzhan la gze re ma skyangs na chos pa mi btub. Zhi-byed Coll. V 75.5.

•GZE RE CAN sran chung ba. khyad du bsad pa. Btsan-lha.

•GZE RE MI BYA bzod sran chung bar mi bya. Btsan-lha.

•GZE REG gze' reg skyungs. Zhi-byed Coll. II 450.6.

•GZEG phrad ma khad nas shes pa'i gzeg khyer te. Zhi-byed Coll. V 398.6.

•GZEG CHA nus pa'am 'khos ka chung ba'am phra dngos chung ba. Btsan-lha.

•GZEG CHA CHUNG bzod sran chung ba. Btsan-lha.

•GZEG PA gyen du 'dzeg pa. Btsan-lha.

•GZEG GZAN mu stegs pa'i bye brag cig. Btsan-lha. Atom Eater. Kaṇāda, founder of Vaiśeṣika philosophy. Das 1107. Gser Sbram 185.

•GZEGS CAN =gzegs zan, gzegs zan pa. Skt. kāṇāda. Mvy. 3521.

•GZEGS MA As in: rdo rje gzegs ma, diamond shard, diamond smithereen. Thurman. rdul dang cha shas dang thigs pa dang nyag ma sogs. Btsan-lha. = cha shas tsam. Lcang-skya. Perhaps "borts" (boortz, bortz, etc.) is the real word in the diamond cutting business. See zegs ma.

•GZENGS BSTOD PA shes pa'am blo bsgrims pa. spro ba bskyed pa. Btsan-lha.

•GZENGS PA OT = brkyang pa. = gzi byin. Blaṅ 292.3. Bsam-gtam Mig Sgron 230.2. brkyangs pa. gzi byin. Btsan-lha. = brkyang ba. = gzi byin. Lcang-skya.

•GZENGS SMAD PA sems lhod par byas pa. Btsan-lha.

•GZED a subspecies of sman mo. Norbu, Drung 82. guardians of fruit trees. TPS 727. Bellezza, D&B 36.

•GZED PA skas. Btsan-lha.

•GZED MA tsher ma'i bye brag gze ma ra mgo. Gze ma ra mgo is a type of thorny 'stick-tight' (in the language of the Hoosiers), with the thorns sticking out in all directions, hence symbolic of bad actions that harm everyone else (a possible shape for the dumplings in dgu thug). ngag sgron par mar / [61v2] gzed ma tsher ma gzang ring gzan / zhes dang / bris ma zhig tu / gze ma tsher ma gzing ring gzan / zhes 'byung ba'i mchan bur gzem dang tsher ma zhes dang gzan zhes pa'i thad du rkang bar gzan zhes 'byung bas / sngo gze ma ra mgo [61v3] zer ba'i rkang par zug mkhan de yin. Dalai Lama VII, Yig.

•GZED ZHAL Aris, Discourse 66 n. 16.

•GZEN PA rtswa. Btsan-lha.

•GZEB [1] shackle. [2] Also means 'basket' or 'tent' (or rather, yurt) or a fence with loop-holes built in (like a basket) or wooden/cane cage. Klong-chen-pa 8.9. See stung. bya dang byi'u bskor rgyu'i shing gi dra mig can. gur. lcug ma las byas pa'i sgrom kha sbyar. Btsan-lha. gzeb las thar pa'i brtson de blo sems bde'. Zhi-byed Coll. I 287.4. Generally seems to mean a closed box-shaped basket made of either bamboo or willow, used as either a storage vessel or bird cage. Figuratively speaking, it means being 'boxed in.' gzeb ni skabs 'dir bya dang byi'u bskor rgyu'i shing ti dra mig can gyi snod kyi ming la bya'o. Eimer, Dbyangs 56. ne tso smra bas gzeb tu bcug. The parrot that speaks gets put in a cage. Jamspal, Treasury 122. = gur. Lcang-skya.

•GZEB BCU Klong-chen-pa 12.14 comm. 464 44.3.

•GZEM PA 'dzem pa. Btsan-lha.

•GZER [1] nail, peg, fastening, ray, beam. rein (for a horse). sems rta kha blan dka' ba la // mthun pa'i gzer chen brgyab pa'i srab. 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum IV 446.2. Bhattacharya, LW 355, no. 55, wants to connect it with Bengali local term gajāl, in the sense of a large nail. [2] stabbing pains (from headache and the like). This noun is definitely connected to the transitive verb gzir ba, with meanings of sharply stabbing or weighing down.

•GZER MGO shing rta gzer mgo bcad par bya. Rnying Rgyud 1982 I 674.7-675.1. Chayet in TH&L 35, 38. lit. 'nail head,' name of a channel. Yangga's dissert., p. 299.

•GZER LNGA gzer lnga'i gdeng. Samdo A III 311r.2. Achard, L'Essence 187, 251. Esposito, Zen 52.

•GZER CHEN RNAM GSUM Samdo A V 139r.5.

•GZER CHEN GSUM three great rays or nails. a Personification of 1) simile. 2) significance. 3. signs. Klong-chen-pa 3.5.

•GZER 'JOMS TR XIV no. 4, p. 16.

•GZER 'JOMS DRUG SBYOR a medicinal preparation. BT 20r.1.

•GZER THUNG GNYEN PO LNGA SBYOR a medicinal preparation. BP 390.1.

•GZER THUNG BDUN THANG a medicinal preparation. BT 9r.4.

•GZER THUNG NANG GAB 'TSHO THANG a medicinal preparation. BT 9v.5.

•GZER GDAB Achard, L'Essence 173.

•GZER BA gzer gtsug lta bu. Gces 581.5.

•GZER BU GSUM Klong-chen-pa 12.22 comm.

•GZER MO = sgre mong, ne'u le. "weasel." Kuijp (1986) 35. (regional) 'chicken.' BBNP 469. hedgehog. Dhongthog 196 (perhaps confounded with gzigs mo or gzugs mo?).

•GZER MONG an unidentified animal. Bellezza, L&T 41. Bellezza, D&B 48. See the preceding. It may very well intend a porcupine, even though here it belongs to a list of birds.

•GZER GSUM Samdo A III 244r.1; V 134r.3. gzer gsum ni / lus seng ge 'ging [~'gying] ba lta bu'i gzer gyis / khro bo'i stangs stabs bya / ngag dbugs 'byung 'jug gi gzer gyis khro bo'i drag sngags bzlas / dbang po kar khung gi gzer gyis / khab dmig gi ltas stangs bya. Zhi-byed Coll. IV 282.1.

•GZO BA drin dran pa. Btsan-lha. See Hahn in Archiv Orientalni, vol. 71 (2003), p. 538 (verse 252). gratitude. Jamspal, Treasury 147. mi rjed [not forget]. Dbus-pa no. 110.

•GZO LA SOGS PA'I RTOGS PA SUM CU 1. yi ge. 2. lag rtsis. 3. grangs. 4 rtsis chen. 5. thor tshugs. 6. goms stabs. 7. lcags kyus bsgyur thabs. 8. ral gr[i]'i thabs. 9. zhags pa gdab pa. 10. mda' bo che 'phen pa. 11. mdun du bsgyur ba. 12. phyir bsnur ba. 13. bcad pa. 14. bral ba. 15. dbug pa. 16. rgyang nas phog pa. 17. sgra grags par phog pa. 18. gnad du phog pa. 19. mi tshor bar phog pa. 20. tshabs che ba. 21. mchongs pa. 22. gyad kyi 'dzin stabs. 23. bang. 24. rgyal. 25. rgal ba. 26. glang po che'i gnyar zhon pa. 27. rta la zhon pa. 28. shing rta'i thabs. 29. mda' gzhu. 30. 'gyad stobs. Rin spungs pa'i snyan 'grel 509.

•GZONG rang bzhin rtag thub pa gser la gzong rtsugs pa lta bu. Zhi-byed Coll. II 473.2. chisel or punch. LaRocca, Warriors 30. Arch. of TB 129.

•GZONG KHA drilling instrument. i khung 'bigs byed lag cha'i so. Yisun. thog ma'i bsgrub pa gzong kha 'dal na phyis kyi nyams len myi 'grub pa'i rgyu byed. Zhi-byed Coll. II 239.2. go cha dang gnyen po gzong kha brdal nas lam la 'khrul pa sol myi srid. Ibid. II 21.2. nyam len gyi gzong kha bdal ba la zer ba yin. Ibid. IV 138.5. sgrub pa la gzong kha ma brdal ba cig gal che ba'o. Ibid. V 185.1. ngo sprod la gzong kha brdal ba'i mi de la zab mo'i rtsi mi skye. Ibid. IV 53.1. medical implement pictured in JD 277 (item 8). Lit., 'chisel-tipped.'

•GZOD MA OT = dang po. Blaṅ 295.3. dang po. Btsan-lha. Dbus-pa no. 426. Lcang-skya.

•GZON PA See rnar gzon pa. Blaṅ 286.5. mi nyan pa. Btsan-lha. = mi nyan pa. Lcang-skya.

•GZOB spyod lam gyi gzob ma shor na chos mthar myi phyin pa yin. Zhi-byed Coll. II 306.5. khyod gzhan don byed na lus kyi gzob zhog. Ibid. II 306.6. lus kyi gzob shig. Ibid. II 443.7. mthon po'i rtse ni ltung ba'i gnas yin gzobs. Ibid. I 297.4. da res gzobs la song. Ibid. II 227.7.

•GZOR As ex. of an irreg. Old Tantra term, corresponding to zor, see the work of Dge-rtse in Rnying Rgyud 1973 XXXVI 455.

•BZANG MKHAN OT = gos bzo ba. Blaṅ 306.2. Dbus-pa no. 717. Lcang-skya.

•BZANG LDAN Skt. bhadrikā. N. of a metre. Hahn, JV 37.

•BZANG PO good, fine, in good condition, intact.

•BZANG PO DRUG sman bzang po drug ni / dza ti snying gi bzang po / cu gang glo ba'i bzang po / gur kum mchin pa'i bzang po / li shi srog rtsa'i bzang po / sug smel mkhal ma'i bzang po / ka ko la mtsher ba'i bzang po'o. 600 72. 4 87v.3. YTTM 290.6.

•BZANG YAG = zangs yag. = zangs g.yag. = byu ru dang rtse rnon. Usually occurs with dmu thag, the red cord of dmu? coral and sharp point; a sharply pointed coral? Karmay, Treasury. In OTC we have the phrase dbu' 'breng zang yag, on which see Hill in RET 10 (2006) 92. Zang yag is interpreted 'good undefiled' in Dotson, D&L 35, where it is a type of woodslip used to communicate a positive result for the complainant (the other 2 types are called sked khra and kha dmar). 'very pointed.' ZZFC 252. With the meaning 'coral' it has been recorded as a Zhang-zhung word in the Zhu glossary.

•BZANG YUGS Tan, Theses 104.

•BZANG SRI guter Dämon (der stets Glück bringt). Kaschewsky2.

•BZAD PA See mi bzad pa.

•BZAB BRLING brtan po'am lhing po. Btsan-lha.

•BZABS bag yod pa. bkur sti. Btsan-lha.

•BZA' NAR za chas kyi thog nas mnar ba. Btsan-lha.

•BZA' PA lit., 'eater.' In Rlangs Po-ti Bse-ru, this is a military class very close to the feudal lord. Perhaps a comitatus. TS5 671.

•BZA' BA eating, edibles.

•BZA' BAR BYAD PA See spur len.

•BZA' 'TSHO family (husband and wife, perhaps including their children, etc.). The persons in a single household.

•BZA' RU skyogs. Btsan-lha.

•BZUD PA las ka sogs la brtson pa. Btsan-lha.

•BZE CHUNG bzod bsran chung ba. Btsan-lha. spyir bzel lag pa bzeb dang blo bzeb lta bu yod kyang 'dir ni / ngag sgron du / bze chung mi bzad las la bzur / zhes tshig grogs mi bzad las la bzur zhes pa dang 'brel stabs [61v4] span chun ba la bzer chung ba zhes zer ba de yin. Dalai Lama VII, Yig.

•BZE BA bzod mi thub pa. Btsan-lha.

•BZE RE bze re mi bya: 'Don't be anxious.' Thondup, EL 118, 150 n. 3. overly sensitive, paranoid, panicky. mi bzod pa'am sran med pa. Btsan-lha.

•BZE RE CAN OT = sran chung ba. = gzhon sha can. Blaṅ 306.1. bzod sran chung ba. gzhon sha can. Btsan-lha.

•BZED as 2nd part of compounds, clearly means bowl.

•BZED PA Present form of 'dzed pa. It ought to be a past form, however.

•BZED ZHAL See zhal bzed, and also 'dzed zhal, where it means spittoon.

•BZO KHANG guild house. LaRocca, Warriors 23.

•BZO GNAS BCO BRGYAD 1. tshong pa. 2. rdza mkhan. 3. phreng ba mkhan. 4. chang tshong. 5. phyugs 'tsho ba. 6. 'dreg mkhan. 7. 'bru mar 'tshir ba. 8. mgar ba. 9. shing mkhan. 10. phywa mkhan. 11. thag pa. 12. ko lpags mkhan. 13. rkyal chen ba. 14. btso blag mkhan. 15. smyig ma mkhan. 16. bshan pa. 17. gdol pa'i las. 18. shing rta mkhan. Bod Mkhas-pa, Snyan-ngag-gi Bstan-bcos (xylo. ed.), fol. 55r.1.

•BZO BA dexterity, manual skill. BHBW 376.

•BZO RIG BCU GSUM Manfred Gerner, Zorig Chusum: Die dreizehn traditionellen Handwerksberufe in Bhutan, an article in issue no. 2 of the year 2003 of the newsletter Thunlam, available on internet.

•BZO RIG GI SGYU RTSAL DRUG CU RE BZHI See Yisun. For the 64 'castes' or trades in Nepal, see Shakya, Self-Arisen 138-140.

•BZO RIG BCO BRGYAD The eighteen trades are part of what defines a town, according to Indic shastra literature. See under grong.

•BZOD PA tolerance.

•BZLA LO BA Defined as: blo bral du bsgom in a Mahāmudrā guidebook Lnga-ldan Nor-bu'i 'Phreng-ba'i Gsal-byed.

•BZLAR BA sbed pa. Btsan-lha.

•BZLAS PA brgal ba. Btsan-lha.

•BZLAS PA May at times correspond to memorized recitation, as done by the bhaṇaka (bhāṣaṇaka).

•BZLUGS PA OT = zhus pa. = dris pa. Blaṅ 293.6. Btsan-lha. zhus pa. Dbus-pa no. 359. = dris pa. = zhus pa. Lcang-skya.

•BZLUMS PA OT = bsdus pa. Blaṅ 304.5. bsdus pa. sbags pa. Btsan-lha. This may stand for 'dums pa, mended [divisions, arguments].

•BZLO BA smra ba. Btsan-lha.

•BZLOG BSGYUR See btsod.

•BZLOG PA [1] inversion, one of the figures of speech. Cogen Bohanec, "A Brief Literary Study of the Inversions," a paper dated 2012, posted on internet (PDF). [2] gshin po. Btsan-lha.

*'A*

•'A Many (not all) believe that the letter 'a represents a prenasalization, as it indeed does in some contexts and in some dialects. It is true that as a prescript, the '- and m- prescripts are often interchangeable (earlier sources have a preference for the m-, as for instance in Mchad-kha-ba and Mkhon family, later 'Chad-kha-ba and 'Khon).

•'A CHUNG This word is indeed used in Sanskritic (mainly mantric) contexts for the subscribed version of the letter that is used to indicate long vowels in foreign languages. Although often done, it does not appear to be valid to use this word when the letter 'a is used as a prescript or postscript letter. I believe the word 'a chung was originally applicable to the vertical stroke that, in Indic scripts, follows an "a" vowel and makes it long.

•'A PA Samdo A 139v.1. 'a pa dkar po. Examples in Samdo A II 246v.1; III 23v.1, 106r.3, 106r.5 (a pa); V 12v.2, 13v.3, 50v.2. Probably should be read a pa, an exclamation of surprise, or of not being able to bear something.

•'A PHIM opium. LW 460.

•'A BA Samdo A 110r.1. a pha. Btsan-lha.

•'A BA NYI NYE PA NYID A problematic phrase in OTC. Hill in RET 10 (2006) 98.

•'A BU glo bur. Btsan-lha.

•'A MA a spelling for a ma, 'mother' used in Zhi-byed Coll. IV 159.1-3.

•'A ME NYID Or (more correctly, I think), 'a mo nyid. Said to be Bon equiv. to stong pa nyid, although it doesn't seem to ever occur in Bon texts (although this could be disproven... it does in fact occur in the Gal-mdo). 348 103.4.

•'A MO gtso mo. Btsan-lha.

•'A RTSI BA Zhi-byed Coll. I 298.7.

•'A 'A brod nas dam pa dam pa 'a 'a byas pas. Zhi-byed Coll. II 344.1.

•'A 'U gtso bo'i rjes su 'dzin pa. Btsan-lha. de'i nyin bar la bre mo'i gtam 'a 'u dang dang ding ku re dang ngag 'khyal ci smras kyang bzlas brjod du song nas / ngag gi nus pa gong gi sngags bsgrangs pa dang 'dra bar 'byung ste. Zhi-byed Coll. II 66.6, (also, 260.2).

•'A 'UR glo bur. 'a re 'u re. Btsan-lha.

•'A 'O lay participant in monastic ritual. (a term heard being used in Nepal) 495 190.3. a (domestic) animal in the class of cats? 'a 'o zhum bu byi la gsum la 'dam ka gda' ste. Zhi-byed Coll. II 9.4.

•'A LA 'U LA KTDN 118.5.

•'A SE 'OS SE zhal g.yar dngos su mjal ba 'di // 'a se 'os ses mjal ba min // 'o na gang gis mjal zhe na // brgyud ldan bla ma mnyes pa yi... Samdo A III 177r.4.

•'ANGU (?) In Mvy. no. 5662, this seems to be given as Tib. form of Skt. kaṅgu, in a list of grains, although not otherwise identified. In Monier-Williams, the spellings are kaṅku and kaṅgu, defined as a kind of panic seed.

•'AN BU nged cag gam kho bo. Btsan-lha.

•'AM BU kho bo. nged cag. Btsan-lha.

•A RI 'U RI [deriv. from 'ur, noisy] = 'ar 'ur. carelessly. Soundings 26.

•'ANG GSANG interchangeable supplementary pieces for the anvil (?). Schmied 147.

•'AN NE 'ON NE "pretending to be deaf." Soundings 30.

•'AN BU nged cag gam kho bo. 367 II 126.5. = nga. "I." Kuijp (1986) 32. Occurs as an unusual pronoun in Samdo A V 171r.1.

•'AM [1] generally it means 'or.' [2] [w/ verbs] it expresses indecision or doubt; or acts as a question marker. [3] I've seen instances where it is a simple conjunction, just like dang, that has to be translated as 'and.' Lde'u 382 has a number of examples.

•'AM CAG = 'u bu cag. "we." Kuijp (1986) 32.

•'AR 'JUN btsan bskul lam rtsub gtam bshad pa. Btsan-lha.

•'AR MA 'UR MA willy-nilly, in a rough way. Samdo A III 107v.1, 189r.6, 190r.3, 190v.6. 'ar ma 'ur mar nyams rtogs shar nas // yang dag rdzogs pa'i sangs rgyas thob bo. 601 38r.4. bsod nams ni 'ar ma 'ur ma song. 24 I 436.4. See 'ar 'ur.

•'AR ZI petition. Borrowing from Urdu. Francke, Antiquities II 146.

•'AR 'UR Samdo A V 243r.1. See 'ar ma 'ur ma.

•'AR YA 'UR YA 'ur 'ur. Gces 589.5.

•'AL a clan. Btsan-lha.

•'AL 'OL Samdo A V 121r.1. sab sob. Btsan-lha.

•'AL YI 'OL YI rigs tsam phyogs tsam. Btsan-lha.

•'AL YI 'OL YI TA TA'O MED PA rigs tsam phyogs tsam las nges nges po med pa'am gsog gsob rtag brtan med pa. BBNP 481.

•'AL LE 'OL LE obscurely. Soundings 30. In a blurred or fuzzy way.

•'AS SE 'OS SE Samdo A VI 230v.5.

•'U CAG There are many regional variant forms of this pronoun — 'u bu cag, rang cag, nged cag, 'o skol, yu gu cag, 'am cag, 'a cag, 'u rang, etc. — all meaning 'we.' BBNP 473. nged cag. Btsan-lha. It descends from O.T. 'u bu cag, and like the latter, it may sometimes be understood as in the dual.

•'U CAS 'u cag. Gces 583.2.

•'U CIS 'u cag gam bdag cag. Btsan-lha.

•'U THUG See under ku thug.

•'U NI 'di ni. nga ni. Btsan-lha.

•'U BAS 'dus pa. Btsan-lha.

•'U BU me, myself, we. Samdo A III 193v.1. nged cag. nga tsho. Btsan-lha.

•'U BU CAG Nathan Hill, in a 2015 article, identifies 'u bu cag, also spelled yu bu cog, as an inclusive first-person dual pronoun. Could be translated 'we two,' or 'the two of us.'

•'U 'U yang na 'u 'u byas la me long la has btab pa bzhin du nang bsdu bsdu la. Zhi-byed Coll. IV 289.7.

•'U YIS nga yis. nged kyis. Btsan-lha.

•'U RANG = rang cag. "we." Kuijp (1986) 33. BBNP 473. nga rang. Btsan-lha.

•'U LAG porterage (usually as a public duty). See rkang 'gro, for the more general term for conscripted conveyance of persons and goods. See Kolmaš, Ch'ing shi kao 84, n. 9. Tsering Shakya, Dragon 134, says Chinese abolished it, but then made use of it themselves to ease their transportation problems. There is a story about the 13th Dalai Lama alleviating the burdens associated with this practice. The term seems to be mistranslated in Cuevas, Travels 83.

•'U SHA 'bras btsos pa'i khu ba. Btsan-lha.

•'U SHA KHU TSHAN 'bras btsos pa'i khu ba tsha mo. Btsan-lha.

•'U SU zar ma. The black variety is called shu te. Btsan-lha. = me tog brgya pa, yan lag brgya pa, ta tsha. JD 186. a tree. SS 422.5. KP1 192.1. KP3 314.6. KP4 507.4. coriander. LW 514, Das. Slovar' 211, 397, 399, = Coriandrum sativum L., Linum baicalense Jus., or L. ustitassimum L. JD 186: The leaves, stems & flowers are similar to go snyod. The fruit is like a closed charmbox (ga'u). The flowers range in color from light yellow to grey. Acc. to Dag-yig, it is a cultivated herb. Fundamentals 16.2 (item 17). coriander. Clifford, list. For a study of Persian word (gosniz, kusniz) borrowed into Chinese, see W.B. Henning, Coriander. Asia Major 1st series,10 pt. 2 (1963) 195-199. Coriandrum sativum. Wangchuk, Bioactive 24. TDD 53. Coriander is called both 'u su and bsod nams dpal 'dzoms. CTEV 25.

•'UG CHUNG See srin bya.

•'UG PA [1] 'dus pa. Dbus-pa no. 175. [2] owl. Skt. ulūka. = nyin long, spu rwa can. JD 241. SS 502.1. Clifford, list. On the hooting of the owl as a trigger for spiritual realization, see BA 949.

•'UG PA'I RDZUN DRUG See under srin bya'i rdzun drug.

•'UG MA See under mda' kha 'ug ma.

•'UNG 'di in provincial colloq. so 'ug nas, = 'di nas, from here, hence. Das.

•'UNG SKAD zer skad. Btsan-lha.

•'UNG GIS an OT form translated (probably incorrectly) as "for the future." ZZFC 223.

•'UNG TING 'on kyang. Btsan-lha. Lcang-skya.

•'UNG TENG OT = 'on kyang. Blaṅ 297.1.

•'UNG STE 'on kyang. Btsan-lha.

•'UNG NAS OT = 'di nas. Blaṅ 296.6. Lcang-skya. 'di nas sam de nas. Btsan-lha. I have noted its use in the Old Tibetan Chronicles.

•'UNG TSAM cung tsam. Btsan-lha.

•'UD [1] ZZ = 'khur pa. 'cheek' Bru 290.6. [2] shugs. Btsan-lha.

•'UD GOG TSAM yud tsam. Btsan-lha.

•'UD CHE BA zhogs che ba'am kha shom che ba. 367 II 131.6.

•'UD 'UD nyi ma 'ud 'ud bcad / nyi grib shar shar song. Btsan-lha.

•'UB KYIS hril gyis. Gces 581.4. [gather] all at once. C&LT 174.

•'UB CHUD rang dbang du rtogs pa'am khong du chud pa. Btsan-lha.

•'UB CHUB Thondup, BM 44.

•'UB CHUB PA to comprehend at one fell swoop (at once and entirely). khyab gdal 'ub chub thig le gcig. Rnying Rgyud 1982 I 664.4.

•'UB TU CHUB khong du chud pa. Btsan-lha.

•'UB BSDUS phyogs gcig tu bsdus pa. Btsan-lha.

•'UBS 'dus pa'am bsdus pa. Btsan-lha.

•'UBS KYIS = hril gyis. BBNP 478. Btsan-lha.

•'UBS PA OT = 'dus pa. Blaṅ 288.5. Btsan-lha. Lcang-skya.

•'UR a sudden rush of sensation (a 'buzz'). Gyatso, Apparitions 131. See nyams 'ur.

•'UR CHUM Example of Bon usage in Gzi-brjid XI 173.

•'UR TING 'on kyang. Btsan-lha.

•'UR TOG nam mkha' gsal gyi kha 'ur tog gis bkyigs. He bound the mouth of Nam-mkha'-gsal with an 'ur tog (a slingshot?). Zhi-byed Coll. II 143.6.

•'UR DU SU = 'u thu'u su. a particular sword, apparently from the Ordos region. Velm I 136, 140.

•'UR DED Dgongs-gcig (1990) 137.5.

•'UR 'DUMS Scherrer-Schaub in JIABS 25 (2002) 296.

•'UR 'DED res 'ur 'ded du bshad / res nor bsgrub tu bshad. 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001) VI 220.5. Used several times in Ibid., V 439.

•'UR RDO [1] slingshot. Steinschleuder. Kaschewsky2. Illus. in Yisun. Precious Deposits V 162 ff. has illus. and says that with the slingshot it was possible to cast stones over one hundred meters away. [2] This same spelling may also be used to represent Mongolian 'ordo,' meaning a settled or semi-settled area, like a 'village' (example in Karma-pakshi's bio. by Zhwa-dmar II).

•'UR NAS glo bur du brel 'tshab langs pa. Btsan-lha.

•'UR PA bya chung chung zhig. Btsan-lha. bya la pa ka.

•'UR PU byi'u co ga yin par grags. Gser Sbram 11.

•'UR PHRUG bya 'ur ba'i phru gu. Gser Sbram 11. The chick of the 'ur ba bird.

•'UR BA [1] the 'rush' or 'buzz' of blessing. 64 I 58.5. [2] a type of bird. See under 'ur phrug.

•'UR BU lug. Btsan-lha.

•'UR BYID LA GTONG BA gtsang sing nge phyag nas med par gtong ba. BBNP 472.

•'UR BYED LA GTONG BA rtsa med du gtong ba. Btsan-lha.

•'UR MA khug sna'am sa thal. Btsan-lha.

•'UR ZUR GYIS shar shar. Gces 586.3.

•'UR 'UR Skt. raṇita. roar (of an earthquake). Mvy. 3013.

•'UR SUR GYIS shar shar gyis. Btsan-lha.

•'UL = 'u lag. Sources.

•'UL MI Dung-dkar 102.

•'US 'phongs nas 'us 'debs. Zhi-byed Coll. II 348.3.

•'O phan tshun kha sbyor ba. Btsan-lha.

•'O DKAR milk white color (with slight bluish tinge). Jackson.

•'O RKYAL milk bag. 'bri ko'i rkyal pa chen po zhig ste / 'brog yul phal mo cher shing gi zom chen 'thob dka' bas 'o rkyal dag bed spyod byed kyi yod pa red. Nomads 290, with illus.

•'O SKOL "We." BBNP 473. This O.T. word has a true plural meaning (the dual is covered by 'u bu cag, q.v.). See under 'ol gom. rang re'am nged cag. Btsan-lha. Spelled 'u skol in the following: 'u skol rten mchog 'di 'dra phyis rnyed par dka' bas. Zhi-byed Coll. V 514.1.

•'O KHA milky white (with slight greenish tinge). Jackson.

•'O KHRO a kitchen vessel depicted in Nomads 269.

•'O GOD NO A mammal. See Sandberg, Tibet 300. LW 497.

•'O BRGYAL difficult, tired out, worn out. erschöpft von schwerer Arbeit darnieder liegen. Kaschewsky2.

•'O SNGON bluish milk color. Jackson.

•'O CAG 'o cag jug byed na ni bdag cag ci byed na. Dpe-chos 508. rang cag gam bdag cag. Btsan-lha.

•'O COG ma lus. Btsan-lha. Dbus-pa no. 034. ma lus. thams cad. Lcang-skya.

•'O LJANG greenish milk color.

•'O THUG Subject of a text by Dngul-chu Dharma-bha-dra, entitled 'O-thug Skor-gyi Dri-lan. A kind of rice porridge cooked in milk, served as part of the sbyin bsreg ritual. Skorupski, Buddhist Forum: Volume VI, p. 219, gives the Skt. as pāyasa.

•'O DO 'BOD PA ngu 'bod byed pa. Btsan-lha.

•'O DOD ngu 'bod dam smre sngags 'don pa. Btsan-lha. sa la ha ri sa la ha ri gsungs nas / phyogs bzhir 'o dod bos pas. Zhi-byed Coll. III 2.6. ngo mtshar che te 'o dod rang dbang med. Samdo A III 191r.3. lament. Schaeffer, Dreaming 112. Bellezza in RET 29 (2014) 229, has example of usage: 'od dod 'bod.

•'O DOM See under wa dom, or under snar gi 'o dom.

•'O NA 'di ni. Lcang-skya.

•'O NI OT = 'di. Skt. idaṃ (?). Blaṅ 293.6. 'di ni kho bo ni. Btsan-lha. kho ni. Dbus-pa no. 358. 'di ni. Dbus-pa no. 452. = kho ni. = 'di. Lcang-skya.

•'O NI NYID DU da lta 'di nyid du. Btsan-lha.

•'O NI DAG 'di dag. Btsan-lha.

•'O NIR de gar ram de ru. Btsan-lha.

•'O PENG bag leb bye brag pa zhig. Btsan-lha.

•'O 'PHEL See ba glang.

•'O BA yod. Btsan-lha.

•'O BYED to kiss. Evidently this results from a borrowing of Mongolian oja, oju, with same meaning.

•'O 'BU See mchang shing 'o 'bu.

•'O MA CAN See lug mnye.

•'O MA SNYING KHRAG See thar nu.

•'O MA MED PA See ra mnye.

•'O MA 'DZIN 1. bur shing. 2. bud med rnams kyi nu 'bur. Blaṅ 531. See a bi ṣa. See thar nu.

•'O TSHA Or, 'o tshar. You're done for! A debating exclamation (in which the questioner declares his victory) discussed in Dreyfus, Sound 216. The exclamation by the questioner is accompanied by a gesture of slapping the right palm on the back side of the left hand. Dreyfus, Rationality 51.

•'O 'TSHAL Perhaps a plural marker or marker of totality(?). "many" (?). Coblin in JAOS 111, p. 320. It is one of those suffixed expressions that changes its form according to the letter that comes immediately before. I see it a number of times in the De ga prayers, where it is spelled 'o 'tsal, and now I see it is spelled both ways in Dunhuang documents. For an example, see rgod do 'tshal.

•'O 'DZAG BTSUN MO See thar nu.

•'O ZHABS TSUM KP3 320.2.

•'O ZI 'od zer. Btsan-lha.

•'O ZOM 'o ma'i snod. Nomads 249.

•'O GZI bya ba sgrin po dang cha lugs mdzes pa. Btsan-lha.

•'O YOG khyi gu. Btsan-lha.

•'O SE KP3 346.1. KP4 575.4. DG 214.4.

•'O SE NYER LNGA a medicinal preparation. TMC 61 (135).

•'O SE BA bya bar bsgrin cing spyod lam mdzes pa. Btsan-lha.

•'OG DKAR [1] a small bird. byi'u 'og dkar. See rba bya. [2] a mammal. On the internet I've seen "Ogkar" identified as Martes foina, the stone marten or beech marten (www.tew.org).

•'OG SKA sked rags. Btsan-lha.

•'OG KHANG dungeon. Sources.

•'OG 'GYU rang gi rnam rtog rang gis mtshon pa'am gzhan la mi mngon par bya ba. Btsan-lha.

•'OG 'GYUR rta thog tu 'gyur rgyug pa. Nomads 249.

•'OG SGO bshang lam (anus). 'lower orifice'. Cuevas, Hidden History 89.

•'OG 'JUG (Dbus) shirt. MTTP.

•'OG TUM For 'og dum. subsequent parceling (?). Dotson, D&L 37.

•'OG RTA [1] Term discussed by Richardson in HP,PE 165, etc. He thinks it means a riding horse, which makes sense (and Yisun says it means bzhon rta). nga 'og rta mi byed chung ma ni mi byed za ni mi za. 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001) VI 127.3. Disc. by Dotson, Dissert. 377. [2] See under ang rag.

•'OG RDO anvil. Schmied 147.

•'OG BSDOGS 'og grabs. sta gon. Btsan-lha.

•'OG NAN thog ma. Btsan-lha. Dbus-pa no. 073.

•'OG PAG ska rags kyi rgyan. rked pa la 'phyang ba'i tshar tshar. stag lpags kyi sham thabs. Btsan-lha.

•'OG DPE 'dra bshus byas pa'i yi ge. Btsan-lha.

•'OG DPON Also spelled 'og pon. Acc. to Tsuguhito Takeuchi (in London 2002), this is the title of the assistant to the head watchman (called tshugs dpon) in the border stations of the OT empire.

•'OG BA blang ba. Dbus-pa no. 482.

•'OG GZHI another name for 'foundation' (similar to rmang gzhi). Paṇ-chen I, Gsung-'bum II 368.5.

•'OG GZU tshogs sa. Btsan-lha.

•'OG SU yul dpon. Btsan-lha.

•'ONG NGA = 'ong ba. "to come." Kuijp (1986) 33.

•'ONG KHA (Gtsang) edge of the field, hedgerow. MTTP.

•'ONG 'GA' OT = res 'ga'. Blaṅ 296.4.

•'ONG NAS 'di nas [from here on]. Dbus-pa no. 484.

•'ONG BA [1] Sometimes, in negative, it means something like 'it just won't do,' as in the following quote: chos spyi rnam gyi go ba la rten pas myi 'ong / don rang gi mtshan nyid rgyud la skye dgos / nyams len dal khom byas pas myi 'ong / brel ba bzhag nas rings pa byed dgos... Zhi-byed Coll. IV 37.4. [2] In other cases, 'there is no such thing' or 'there is no such case' (examples in Zhi-byed Coll. IV 53.6 ff.).

•'OD DKAR CAN 1. ga bur. 2. zla ba. Blaṅ 531.

•'OD 'KHOR nimbus. Jackson.

•'OD DGA' res 'ga'. Dbus-pa no. 469.

•'OD PA [1] OT = yod pa. Blaṅ 300.4. = yod, mchis. "to be." Kuijp (1986) 32. yod pa. Btsan-lha. = yod pa. Lcang-skya. [2] torrent of rain (and/or the resultant flood). char chu drag po. Btsan-lha. = chu lam gyi 'obs. Lcang-skya. yur ba chung ngu'i rjes zhugs nas / 'od pa chen po ma mthong ngo // zhes pa'i 'od pa ni chu klung la 'jug gam snyam slar dpyad. Eimer, Dbyangs 57. flood. Jamspal, Treasury 179. I imagine this might be related to Byangsi gworā[mo], '[to] flood,' and Nepali āu[nu], '[to] flood.' GSB 43.

•'OD 'PHRO radiating light rays. Jackson.

•'OD KYI BLO GROS misspelled 'od kyi blo sgros (evidently). Simioli, AG 55.

•'OD MA smyug ma 'dra ba'i shing zhig. sba shing. smyug rgod. Btsan-lha. wild bamboo or 'cane [tree].' It may mean rattan.

•'OD RTSA light channel[s]. Germano in JIABS 17 no. 2 (1994) 288. A Rdzogs-chen concept that doesn't seem to be known elsewhere (but see below?). Germano, Poetic Thought 903. See Daniel Scheiddeger, Different Sets of Channels in the Instruction Series of Rdzogs chen, Revue d'Etudes Tibétaines 12 (2007) 24-38. For a "Great Light Passage" (daming guan), located in the head, in Taoist sources, see S. Eskildsen, Emergency Death Meditations for Internal Alchemists, T'oung Pao 92 (2006) 388.

•'OD ZER Of course the usual meaning is 'light ray,' but be aware it may also, especially in translation literature, have all the other meanings of Skt. raśmi, including rein, whip, eyelash, rope, etc.

•'OD ZER GYI 'PHRENG BA See under me ri.

•'OD GZER 'od zer gyi brda rnying. Btsan-lha. I've seen more examples of this, seemingly an authentic old spelling.

•'OD LUS luminous body. Karmay, Great Perfection 187, 194 ff.

•'OD SRUNG 1. sngon byon gyi rgyal. 2. nyan thos 'od srung. 3. drang srong bye brag pa zhig. 4. nyi ma'i kha lo pa. Blaṅ 531.

•'OD GSAL clear light, Clear Light, luminosity, luminous. For 'mother' and 'son' clear lights, see Lati Rinbochay, Death 47. EoB VII 232 (pabhassara citta).

•'OD GSAL RDO RJE SNYING PO epithet for Ati-yoga. 91 I 568.3.

•'ON ston pa. byin pa. Btsan-lha.

•'ON CIG OT = byon cig. Blaṅ 296.1-.2. Dbus-pa no. 453. Lcang-skya. tshur sprod dam khyer shog. byon cig. Btsan-lha. Example of usage in Toh. no. 217 (Śrīgupta Sūtra), p. 557.1.

•'ON TANG OT = 'on kyang. Blaṅ 285.6. Dbus-pa no. 050. Lcang-skya. 'on kyang. 'o na. Btsan-lha. Instance in Toh. no. 217 (Śrīgupta Sūtra), p. 539.2.

•'ON TE 'on kyang. yin na yang. Btsan-lha.

•'ON PA ston pa. len pa. Btsan-lha.

•'ON ZHIG byon cig. Btsan-lha.

•'ON SHANG SBREL a n. of a kind of cloth. Karmay, Treasury.

•'ON SENG phag nyan nam bya ra ba. Btsan-lha.

•'OBS moat. Lobsang Dorjee Rabling, Five Treatises, p. 202. Mvy. no. 5530. I think it can mean the 'rim' of a brimmed hat (but it can be confused with 'bo, I guess...).

•'OBS MU KHYUD chu 'obs kyis mtha' skor ba. Btsan-lha.

•'OBS ZHU a kind of hat. Karmay, Treasury. Namgyal in TJ 23 no. 4 (1998) 14. E. Bock in RET XIII 22.

•'OM BU tamarisk. Bellezza, Divine Dyads 305. ZZFC 66, where it is used as a roofing timber. Khenrap in TJ 25 no. 4 (2000) 52. = mchod ldum, snying po med pa, ga ṭa li, chu shing. JD 109. SS 478.6. KP3 246.5. KP4 378.2. = yor shing. YTTM 293.17. Mdo 371. = a garbha, sbor shing, g.yu shing, snye mi, bu las ma skyes. DG 220.3.

•'OM BU SNYE MA = bu la ma skyes me tog. YTTM 293.20.

•'OM MA dbyi mong shing. Btsan-lha.

•'OR [1] bor ba. Btsan-lha. Example of usage in Toh. no. 217 (Śrīgupta Sūtra), p. 564.1: sngags btsal phyir ni bde ba 'or // bde ba 'or cig sngags btsal phyir... [2] nad cig gi ming ste, chu skrangs kyi skabs thog mar 'or zer. Dag-yig. Text 36, 37, 65. Lag-len 276.4. [3] adv. again, once more. C&LT 174.

•'OR 'GA' res 'ga'. lan 'ga'. Btsan-lha. = res 'ga'. Lcang-skya. See examples of usage in Stog Palace Kanjur vol. 79, pp. 361.4, 365.4.

•'OR CIG lan cig. Dpe-chos 509. thengs cig. bor cig. Btsan-lha. bor cig. Dbus-pa no. 522.

•'OR CHE BA drin che'am thugs rje che zhes pa lta bu'i yul skad do. 367 II 132.6. Btsan-lha. (obs.) meaning something like 'kindness.' Samdo A III 129r.5. or che dad pa kho na de yin. Zhi-byed Coll. II 273.3. nga la yang bya rgyu de ka las myed 'or che. Ibid. II 274.4. 'or che gzhan don byed pa'i bsam pa tsam yang skye bar dkon pa yin. Ibid. II 282.6. 'or che nyams len byas pa'i 'dri lugs yin. Ibid. II 293.3. 'or re che rjes su yi rang dungs byas na. Ibid. V 269.4. gzhan phan gyi dkyus thog ma bcad na // khrom lha mi'i 'or che mi 'byung bas. 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001) X 96.5.

•'OR CHE MA 'DOD snyan grags spang ba'am mi 'dod pa. Btsan-lha.

•'OR TE ma gtogs pa. Btsan-lha.

•'OR NAD SRZT 37. Kong-sprul/1 38: A water-swelling disease characterized by slightly more swelling than skya rbab. When the swelling pours downward on the side of the ribcage, it is 'or. Note: This distinguishes it from the tsha chu types of dmu chu where the swelling generally starts in the lower part of the body and spreads upward. See also Donden 104. dropsy of the skin vesicles. Yangga's dissert., p. 190.

•'OR BA OT = bor ba (to carelessly lose [something]). Blaṅ 297.1. ne le la 'ol ba zer bas yul skad 'ga' zhig la 'or ba zer ba yin nam. Dpe-chos 504, q.v. Btsan-lha. skyob pa. Dbus-pa no. 495. = skyob pa. = bor ba. Lcang-skya.

•'OR BA MA BCOL zhing las ma bcol. Btsan-lha.

•'OR MA TSHOGS SHIG bor la chu tshags kyis btsag par gyis. Btsan-lha.

•'OL KA chu rka. Btsan-lha.

•'OL KHA dkar ser mdangs mi gsal ba. Btsan-lha. mdog nag po.

•'OL KHA BSGYUR BA chu'i rgyun lam bsgyur ba'am bzlog pa. Btsan-lha.

•'OL KON Nine Ways 31. Appears with same spelling and same type of ritual usage in an OT document (F.W. Thomas, Ancient Folk-Literature, p. 144, at line 2b2).

•'OL GONG the forepart of the larynx, the adams apple. 'ol gong ngam 'ol ba ni ske'i mdun ngos kyi cha ma kos ko dang ma ne. Sumatiratna as cited in T&BS II 278.

•'OL GOM As ex. of an irreg. Old Tantra term, corresponding to 'o bskol, see the work of Dge-rtse in Rnying Rgyud 1973 XXXVI 455.

•'OL CI phyogs 'dra tsam. Btsan-lha.

•'OL CHUNG = rtsol ba chung ba. BBNP 477. Btsan-lha.

•'OL CHE sku drin che'am bka' drin che. Btsan-lha.

•'OL SPYI phyogs 'dra tsam. Btsan-lha. Kramer, rNgog 94.

•'OL SPYOD Zhi-byed Coll. V 15.2.

•'OL BA ne le la 'ol ba zer bas yul skad 'ga' zhig la 'or ba zer ba yin nam. Dpe-chos 504. bya ne le. Btsan-lha. = ne le. JD 241. LW 501.

•'OL BYI I imagine this is identical to 'ol spyi, q.v. de'i don brtags na yang dag pa'i don 'ol byir 'ong ba la mi bden pa'i sems phyin ci log tu gyur pa las byung ngo. Stog Palace Kanjur vol. 76, p. 387.2-3.

•'OL BYI TSAM rags rim tsam. Btsan-lha.

•'OL MA MCHIS spyod yul du ma gyur pa. Btsan-lha.

•'OL MA SE dbyi mong. Btsan-lha.

•'OL MI MCHI spyod yul du ma gyur pa. Btsan-lha.

•'OL MI DBYI go mi chod. Btsan-lha.

•'OL MO NYER LNGA BP 255.3.

•'OL MO SE = garbha tsaṇṭa. JD 185. SS 509.2. Podophyllum hexandrum (emodi) . Wangchuk, Bioactive 26.

•'OL TSHOD fuzzy approximation (in translation work). Schaeffer, Dissert. 267 translates it as 'guess.' Compare 'ol spyod.

•'OL TSHOD KYIS not being certain. C&LT 174.

•'OL YANG dper yang. Btsan-lha. dpe yang. Dbus-pa no. 559. = dpe yang. Lcang-skya.

•'OL YANG MI DBYI phyogs tsam du'ang mi 'gro. Btsan-lha.

•'OL YUGS 'ol spyi. Gces 586.3. 'ol spyi tsam. Btsan-lha.

•'OS ...las 'os (followed by negative) means '[no] choice [than]' or '[no] alternative [to].' See Philologia Tibetica blog, entry for Feb. 3, 2013.

•'OS 'GEB ji 'os sam mtshams ran pa. Btsan-lha.

•'OS THO 'list of qualified ones,' candidates list. Cüppers in Prats, Pandita & Siddha 12.

•'OS PA 'respectible ones,' a type of tīrthika (mu stegs pa). OT = gcer bu pa (Skt. nirgrantha: 'free of all ties, of possessions, clothing'). Blaṅ 301.1. mu stegs pa'i bye brag gcer bu pa. Btsan-lha. 'os pa pa / gcer bu pa. Dbus-pa no. 671. = gcer bu pa. Lcang-skya.

•'OS MA 'DAS thabs gzhan med. Btsan-lha.

*YA*

•YA [1] child, son. bu. Dbus-pa no. 308. [2] a sentence-final particle used with the imperative mood. Samdo A V 255r.1-6. Skal-ldan-rgya-mtsho uses it as a 'free' interjection in post-verb position (the verb in this case is not in imperative mood). Sujata, Dissert. [3] a match, one of a pair.

•YA KA dortige. Kaschewsky2.

•YA KHA mi kha'am gtam ngan. Btsan-lha. Example of usage noticed in Grags pa Gling grags history, end of section 66, where it was tr. as 'revilings.' Evid. similar to ya ga, q.v.

•YA KHAD steng skas. Btsan-lha. Lcang-skya.

•YA KHRA woolen blanket. Soundings 61.

•YA MKHAL ya thod. Btsan-lha.

•YA GA (?) Bsam-gtan Mig Sgron 246.4. skyon gyi tshig. ngan smras. Btsan-lha. See the 1999 Sikkim edition of Zurchungpa's Testament, p. 53: sgro med chos la ya ga 'dogs. See also ya kha.

•YA GANG OT = rkang rten. = skas ka. Blaṅ 298.6.

•YA GAD = skas. Blaṅ 516.6. "(generally speaking) a place to put one's feet," hence, footstep, step of a ladder, country, area. BBNP 465. rkang rten. skas ka. Btsan-lha. rkang rten. Dbus-pa no. 581. = rkang rten. Lcang-skya. steng kas. Dbus-pa no. 718. This unusual word is used in a Bon text, the Stong ri tho chen, as found in 192-vol. Bon Kanjur CLXXXII 218v1: klu dbang phyogs kyi ya gad ni / dbal g.yag rngam pa'i ya gad can. It is also found in the Gsang-ba Bsen-thub, as an architectural term. Las-chen, Chos-'byung II 51.5. ya gad ces pa spyir rkang rten skras pa la brjod pa brda rnying du grags kyang 'dir thog phub la bshad cing / de yang dkyil mtho zhing mtha' bab kyis dma' ba chu 'bab bde ba dang... Namdak, Bzo-rig 78. This word also appears in the glossary to Snellgrove, Nine Ways. Gzi-brjid X 317: ya gad chu 'dzin pa tra bzo.

•YA GYAL member (of a list), numbered among (the list of...). Counterpart to...

•YA MGAL upper jaw. With var. OT spellings yan kal, yan gal. Bellezza, L&T 49.

•YA MGAL RUS PA DD illus. 9.

•YA 'GAL 'dab gshog ya 'gal gyis ni 'phyir myi nus. With wings that are ya 'gal, it isn't possible to fly ('phir). Zhi-byed Coll. I 297.5. thabs dang shes rab 'brel bar gyis / ya 'gar na don myi 'grub par gda' gsung. Zhi-byed Coll. II 397.3. in these instances it seems to have a meaning something like 'askew' or 'unbalanced pairing.' Note that this could be equiv. of ya mgal (q.v.) with some meaning or another.

•YA SGRA some kind of battle cry. ZZFC 259.

•YA NGA BA formidable, frightening, horrifying (sight of something pitiful). See nga ba. drang srong rigs ldan ya nga'i kha zas spong. Zhi-byed Coll. I 296.3. ya nga myed pa'i glang chen snyon pa'i sems. Ibid. I 286.7. 64 I 43.3. Bellezza, L&T 56, notes an OT spelling yang ngas, giving the meaning as 'mercifully, compassionately, pitiably.'

•YA CHA Not located in Yisun. Occurs several times in Gling-ras-pa, Bka'-'bum II 538. sngon gyi las sog lugs bsam gyis myi khyab pa ya cha gsung ngo. Zhi-byed Coll. II 311.3. rdo sol gyi ri la char bab pas / me'i grogs su 'gro ba ya cha. Ibid. III 26.7. mo sham gyi bu skye 'chis stong pa de ya cha gsung ngo. Ibid. II 6.4. chos pa yang brdzun zer ba ya cha zer khrel 'ded pa. 64 I 7.6. blo bde gdeng tshad med pa ya re cha. 601 44r.5. mo bon la sogs pa gnam gyi ya cha dang. 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001) VI 213.2. Lo-ras-pa, Gsung-'bum V 22.1 ff. skyabs gnas bral lo ya re cha. HS LI 318.4.

•YA CHA BA snying po med pa. Btsan-lha. ya cha ba mang po gda' gsung. Zhi-byed Coll. II 298.6.

•YA 'JOMS RDO RJE a medicinal preparation. BP 237.6.

•YA TA MA RI (?) 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001) V 310.5 (spelled ya ta ma re, at 313.2), 318.1.

•YA TOG 'bras bu. Btsan-lha.

•YA BTAGS DKA' MO KHO NA 'BEBS = mkho ba'i rdzas sam yo byad dka' mo sha stag gsungs. BBNP 480.

•YA STAGS bon chog la dgos pa'i rdzas kyi ming. Dpe-chos 505. yas glud dam mdos 'phen. yas stags kyi grong tshig. gto chog sogs la dgos pa'i rdzas. Btsan-lha. Something needed for a gto chog. 367 I 236. Bellezza, D&B 155. = yas thag.

•YA THA upper extreme. Bsam-gtan Mig Sgron 375.4. ya tha rgyal ba'i dkyil 'khor nas / ma tha mnar med dmyal ba kun la khyab bo. Ye-khri cycle as contained in 192-vol. Bon Kanjur CI 789. gzugs khams lha'i ya tha. 192-vol. Bon Kanjur CXXXIII 272v2.

•YA THA MA THA (talking about things) both high and low. 476 IV 414.6. Mdo-sde Me-tog Gsil-ma 188.3. spelled ya ta ma ta in Gold Ms. I 115r.2. Also used in construction ya tha ::: nas / ma tha ::: la. Up to ::: and down to :::. ya tha ma tha de myi go bar 'dug. Zhi-byed Coll. II 285.4.

•YA THEM A part of a door. The lintel. See Dag-yig 167. Lintel (in story of origins of the name Rajgarh). Chag 89. See Tucci, Tibetan Folk Songs, fig. 3.

•YA THOG mgo'am rtse mo. Btsan-lha.

•YA DO PHYI DO (coll.) from top to bottom. MTTP.

•YA DO PA sp? [bride's] age-mates. Gutschow, Being a Buddhist Nun 151.

•YA PA a series of letters in the Sanskrit alphabet. See Yisun.

•YA PO Mistake for ya so. Velm I 140. rang nyid kyi mdun gsal ba tsam zhig byung yang 'dam pa ya po lta bu yin gsungs. 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001) VI 47.3.

•YA PHO bshan pa. Btsan-lha. nye gnas chos med brgyags na ya pho 'chol la 'chor. 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001) IV 7.3.

•YA BA [1] one [of a set]. ya gyal. Btsan-lha. [2] wind, wind god. rlung dang rlung lha. Btsan-lha. Appears to me to be possible Sanskrit java, which means 'fast, swift,' although it's believed to be Zhang-zhung (as it occurs in the name of the btsan-spirit[s] Ya ba kya cig. [3] zur gcig tu drus phye ya ba gang yod pa bzhag nas byon pas. Lo-ras-pa, Gsung-'bum I 66.4 (at 69.2, also, it is a kind of measure, very probably borrowed from Skt. yava, 'barleycorn' which is also used as a measurement term, and underlies the name of the island of Java).

•YĀ BA See rgya skyabs.

•YA BAKṢA RA a mineral. JD 67. SS 410.6. Acc. to DTMM, saltpetre. Mirabititum (i.e., Mirabilite). Rin 158.

•YA BAKṢA RA BDUN a medicinal preparation. BP 184.4.

•YA BA NA DG 90.2.

•YA BA MA BRAL kha ma bral ba. Btsan-lha.

•YA BI ya gi. Btsan-lha. Stein in McKay, History of Tibet, vol. 1, p. 543. OZZ 113.

•YA BO bla ba. Gces 590.1. = zla bo. "spouse." Kuijp (1986) 38. 'gran zla. dgra. bla ba. smra ba. Btsan-lha.

•YA BOR ya bor byed pa ni dgrar byed pa'am 'gran zla byed pa. Dpe-chos 516. nga la nye gnas shig yod pa ya bor song // phyir 'khrid kyi grogs ngan dgos rgyu chung. 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001) X 100.4.

•YA MA [1] = srin nad. type of ailment which takes the form of headache, toothache or pains in the sinuses, stomach, skin, etc. MTTP. Also, ya srin. na tsha ya ma'i srin bu g.yo ba za 'phrug mi dgos lta bu. Chödag. cold, catarrh. Jaeschke. temple, sinus. Goldstein. Text 23, 46, 76, 84. Translated as 'sinus infection' in ATPP 48. [2] As a hidden loan from Skt. yama, meaning 'pair' (or paired item) it occurs in Mdzod-phug.

•YA MA CAN (?) Karmay in JA (1995) 174.

•YA MA CAN GYI GOS type of 'impure' attire (perhaps worn by an unknown person). Norbu, Drung 120, p. 263, n. 82 .

•YA MA 'DU BA'I SMAN a medicinal preparation. BT 47r.4.

•YA MA NAG PO Text 6, 30.

•YA MA BRAL BA lta sgom spyod pa gsum ya ma bral bar dus rtag tu gnas par bya'o. 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001) IV 299.4.

•YA MA ZUNG Indicates a kind of disparity, in the sense of not forming a pair. In the case of miracles (rdzu 'phrul), it refers to the Buddha's miraculous bifurcation into an upperbody that produced fire while his lower body emitted water. In one case at least (Lde'u 362) I think it refers to miraculous bilocation. I didn't locate any use of this word in the Kanjur, apart from one occurrence in a Nyingma tantra, although it is found in relation to the Buddha's miracles in several Tanjur texts.

•YA MA BRLA without heart, useless, empty, untrue. OT = snying po med pa. = mi bden pa. Blaṅ 294.2. mi bden pa. Dbus-pa no. 364. = snying po med. = mi bden. Lcang-skya. See under sems srab mo. = snying po med, mi bden pa. BBNP 484. snying po med pa. mi ldan pa. stong pa. Btsan-lha. This word occurs in the Tib. tr. of the Sdud-pa. ya ma slas gang yang mthar mi phyin te blo'i bcad pa cig ma chags na sa zin du mi nyan pas. Zhi-byed Coll. V 189.1. See Philologica Tibetica blog (Jan. 2, 2014).

•YA MAN phu bo dang phu mo shi ba'i mi. Btsan-lha.

•YA MU NA Skt. yamunā. N. of a metre. Hahn, JV 38.

•YA SMAN RDO RJE RAB 'JOMS a medicinal preparation. Prescriptions 97. Lag-len 70.3.

•YA SMAN DBANG PO KUN GSAL a medicinal preparation. Prescriptions 76. Lag-len 54.2.

•YA TSA A type of knife or similar weapon. ya tsa zhes pa mdung. From Namdak, Bzo-rig 112. mdung dang ral gri gnyis. Btsan-lha. Namdak. It's supposed to be ZZ. ZZFC 242.

•YĀ TSE duck. LW 522.

•YA MTSHAN Usually translated 'amazement' (at some miraculous event), but this might be a bit much in some cases, where it should rather be translated 'curiosity' or 'interest' or 'fascination.' Something 'strange' or 'remarkable.' May be used to tr. Skt. kautūhala or kautuka.

•YA MTSHAN CAN [1] amazing, remarkable, striking. [2] mu stegs pa'i rab byung spyi. Btsan-lha. Skt. pāṣaṇḍika. Discussed in Silk, Dissert. 292. Mvy. 3524.

•YA MTSHAN PO peculiar, eccentric.

•YA ZA MA LUG zos pa rnams ma zhu bar 'og sgo nas thur du byung ba. Btsan-lha. Eaten food getting passed through the 'lower door' without getting digested.

•YA ZI an invincible sword received by 'Phags pa, and kept at Sakya. Norbu, Drung 4. Apparently in China, a sword may have a yazi (dragon-like, perhaps a wolf-dragon hybrid) face on the hilt.

•YA YA [1] an expression of distress. Samdo A II 149v.6, 150r.1. [2] Sound used for calling a runaway yak. 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001) X 121.3.

•YA YA BO sems g.yeng bar gyur pa. grogs med cha min du gyur pa. Btsan-lha.

•YA YUD gnad 'gag. Btsan-lha. Kun-dga'-rin-chen, Works (2003) III 559.3.

•YA YO yengs yengs. Gces 585.4. Btsan-lha. weaving back and forth (not going in a straight line). Samdo A V 199r.6. ya yo kyag kyog ring thung gis. 'Jig-rten-mgon-po, Bka'-'bum (2001) I 575.5. crooked, lopsided. snols ya yo med pa'o. Lde'u 187.

•YA YOGS gtam rgyud. Btsan-lha. See also the index to Haarh's book.

•YA YOR 'thag pa'i tshe bar bar du seng seng por gyur pa. Btsan-lha.

•YA RU term for a yak of particular age, immediately after calf stage (2nd year?). Topgyal in TJ 23 no. 3 (1998) 38. See Namdak under sum grus.

•YA RE NGA 'jigs skrag. Btsan-lha.

•YA RE CHA ya nga'am 'jigs su rung ba. Dpe-chos 508.

•YA RE MA bzhon ma yar ma. Btsan-lha.

•YA RE TSHA ya nga ba'am 'jigs su rung ba. Btsan-lha.

•YA LA BSNYON 'DZUGS nyes med la nyes skyon 'gel ba. Btsan-lha.

•YA LAG skyes pa'i pho mtshan. Btsan-lha.

•YA LAD archaic word (pre-1300 more or less). [1] equipment, armor, helmet, sword (soldier's equipment in general). OT = go cha spyi. = [skabs thob kyis] rmog. Blaṅ 285.4, 516.6. go cha. rmog. ral gri. Btsan-lha. go cha. Dbus-pa no. 025. Lcang-skya. Namdak. Skt. kavaca. Mvy. 6072 (in Skt. it seems to mean armor or coat of mail, primarily as chest protection). Rolf Stein's Tibetica Antiqua 154. Two occurrences of this word located on OTDO. I imagine the possibility this is related to Arabic zarad, Avestan zrādha, with meaning of chain mail. I got the idea while reading D.D.Y. Shapira, "Irano-Arabica: Contamination and Popular Etymology," pp. 151-152 (PDF from the internet). Examples of Bon usage in Gzi-brjid XI 184. [2] sgo'i yar them. Btsan-lha. I only know of one architectural usage of the term, in the Sba-bzhed: pho brang gi ya lad la bod kyi btsan po'i lham btags nas / de'i 'og na phar 'khor dang bcas pa 'dzul nas / nga'i rgyal khams ni btsan po khyod kyi zhabs 'og du 'dzul zhing bcwa (dpya) dang skyes lo thang du 'bul zer te. Here it clearly means the upper part of the door or gateway (lintel or architrave). Btsan-lha gives the same example, but says it is from the Bka'-chems Ka-khol-ma. [3] a high number. Skt. ela. Mvy. 7759. Skt. elu. Mvy. 7888. Note: Btsan-lha makes note of a late usage in the Mi-dbang Rtogs-brjod, although here it is used as a conscious archaism.

•YA G.YOG 4 attendants of ya sor spyi khyab, below mgron gnyer but above gzim dpon. Velm I 140.

•YA SHEL 'BRU DMAR LW 498.

•YA SO ? gnyis su na ya so rang la gtod pas bdud kyis bslu sla ba'o. Zhi-byed Coll. IV 239.2. rang la ya so bstad pa'i mi rigs rten dang yon tan tshu rol mthong ba'i ngos nas mgu ste. Zhi-byed Coll. V 288.2. skyes bu rang la ya so bstad pa (gtad pa) de bdud kyi bar gcod 'bod pa'i ngo chen pa yin te. Zhi-byed Coll. V 432.3. nga bden yus kyis gnangs nas ya so rang la gtad pa'i bsgrub pa po // skal med bdud gyis byin gyis brlabs zin kho bos phan ci gdags. Zhi-byed Coll. IV 86.1. Yisun defines it as the upper teeth.

•YA SOR = yar gsol. 'commander.' See Velm I 119 etc.

•YAG KA blessing. Nine Ways 51.

•YAG KHA Norbu, Drung 53, 107.

•YAG PA Namdak.

•YAG YUG TSAM yag yug tsam ni rab rub tsam mam phar 'gro tshur 'gro tsam. Dpe-chos 509. Btsan-lha.

•YAG GSE'U perhaps Ch. ya xiao, sodium sulphate. Gerke, TP 15.

•YAGS KHA shis tshig. Btsan-lha.

•YANG KHANG upper storey. Lde'u 349.

•YANG GI KA LW 479.

•YANG SGOS SU adv. especially. C&LT 174.

•YANG NGAS See under ya nga ba. Bellezza, L&T 57.

•YANG NGE YENG NGE loiteringly. Soundings 30.

•YANG NYING nges pa can. Btsan-lha.

•YANG TAG SHIR See cu gang.

•YANG TI See under a ti. = mahā-ati-yoga. "practice in the dark." Allione, Women of Wisdom 238. Germano in JIABS 17 no. 2 (1994) 268.

•YANG THUL (dpa' thul). Held. Kaschewsky2.

•YANG THOG Skt. aṭṭa. Mvy. 5522. It may just mean the uppermost storey of a house, but in one case at least I believe it must mean a rooftop pavilion. Lde'u 202.

•YANG THOB Achard, L'Essence 127.

•YANG DAG Germano, Poetic Thought 952.

•YANG DAG PA'I NGO BO NYID Meinert in TS9 II 295.

•YANG DAG PA'I LTA BA Right view. Skt. samyakdṛṣṭi. Mvy. 997. EoB VII 675-679.

•YANG DAG PA'I DON Sinitic vocab. for don dam pa'i bden pa. Stein, Tibetica Antiqua I 162.

•YANG DAG PA'I CHOS BCU A teaching of Lce-sgom-pa. See Bka'-gdams Thor-bu 43r-43v.

•YANG DAG PA'I GDAMS NGAG DRUG dug lnga'i dgra nang nas zhi'am ma zhi lta / 'khor ba'i nang dang bral lam ma bral lta / bdud bzhi'i dmag dpung choms sam ma chom lta / mnyam rjes mnyam mam ma mnyam lta / mngon du rgyu la gnas sam mi gnas lta / gnyug ma'i lam dang phrad dang ma phrad lta'o. Bka'-gdams Thor-bu 41v.3.

•YANG DAG PA'I 'TSHO BA Right livelihood. Skt. samyagājīva. Mvy. 1001. Buddhist laypeople should most definitely not engage in arms trade,* meat selling, drug trafficking, or poison selling. Whether they might be combat soldiers or not is yet another matter. The jury is still out on that one. EoB VII 679-681.

•YANG DAG PAR LDAN PA'I LUNG Skt. saṃyuktāgama. Mvy. 1424.

•YANG DAG PAR SPONG BA Skt. prahāṇa. Mvy. 957. Samtani in Mishra, ABS 46469.

•YANG DAG PAR RIG PA Skt. pratisamvid. EoB VII 370-372. For the set of four, see Peter H. Lee, tr., Lives of Eminent Korean Monks: The Haedong Kosǔng Chŏn, Harvard-Yenching Institute Studies series no. 25, Harvard University Press (Cambridge 1969), p. 19. See Schapiro in RET, vol. 22 (2011), pp. 258-9.

•YANG DAG PAR GSHEGS PA Sinitic vocabulary for de bzhin gshegs pa. Stein, Tibetica Antiqua I 162. See also the spelling yang dag gshegs pa, as noted in Tatsuo Nishida's article "On the Xixia Version of the Lotus Sutra," p. 139.

•YANG DAG PHUL mchog dang rab dang phul du byung ba. Btsan-lha.

•YANG BA light. opposite of lci ba (heavy).

•YANG BRAN bran gyi bran. g.yog po'i g.yog po. Btsan-lha.

•YANG MIG a long. sgo'i ru. Btsan-lha.

•YANG TSAR yang tig. Btsan-lha.

•YANG RTSAL acrobatics (see rtsal sna dgu).

•YANG TSHA Son of the brother's son. Dpe-chos 505.

•YANG ZHUS PA a type of proofreader. Arch. of TB 126.

•YANG ZOR yang rtsal. Btsan-lha.

•YANG YANG adv. again and again. C&LT 174.

•YANG YE gtan nas sam rnam pa kun tu zhes pa'i brda rnying. Gser Sbram 159.

•YANG YENG Samdo A V 137r.2.

•YANG SHAG Yangga's dissert., p. 281.

•YANG SANGS RGYAS PA rebuddhaization. Klong-chen-pa 13.1.

•YANG SRID rtogs ldan la yang srid med pa'i phyir ro. Zhi-byed Coll. V 179.6. See EoB, the entry "punabhava."

•YANG SRID PA rigs rgyud la 'jug pa yod de. Btsan-lha.

•YANGS [PO] vast, spacious.

•YANGS DOG spacious / constricting, spaciousness / constriction. 'room, space.'

•YANGS SE YENGS SE 476 V 105.7.

•YANGS SE YENGS SE probably same as yang yeng. yangs se yengs se la bsdad pas ga na 'ong. Zhi-byed Coll. II 434.4.

•YAD DE YUD DE Samdo A II 188r.4.

•YAD YUD yad yud la mi btang ba ni gal chung la mi btang ba. Dpe-chos 503. Btsan-lha. Taking something to be of little significance. yad yud du 'gro ba, tr. as 'passed in a blur.' Stearns, SR 29.

•YAN bya dngos la rang dgar mtshams bzung ba'i stod kyi cha'am sngon gyi cha. Dag-yig.

•YAN KHA yang dag min pa. Btsan-lha.

•YAN KHAR höher, übergeordnet, Sieger.

•YAN CHAD Also spelled yan chod. When used in temporal rather than spatial contexts, this and its opposite, man chad, cause considerable confusion when faced with the task of translating them. Jaeschke seems to have a mistaken explanation for phrases including the syllables "nas [...] yan chad," that it means 'from [that time] forth' (i.e., toward the present). It would be more accurate to say, 'from the [time of] X upwards (i.e. back) in time to [the time of Y].' Likewise "nas man chad" means 'from that time forward.' There are examples in Mang-thos, Bstan-rtsis which show that Jaeschke and later lexicographers are mistaken in taking "lo brgyad yan chad" as meaning 'above eight years old' if 'above' is taken to mean of higher age; in fact, it means, in effect, 'up to his eighth year.' In lineage accounts contained in thob yig texts, it is quite clear that yan chad means the part of the lineage from that point 'upward' (meaning backward in time), while man chad means from that point 'downward' (forward in time). With numbers, of course, yan would mean going up to higher numbers (with age it is also possible), but in historical time, yan always means backward, man means forward. Hahn, Grammar 170, charts out the various forms corresponding to the pattern: ya > yan > yar > yas. Identical patterns apply to the syllables pha, tshu, ma, phyi and sla. The forms of these syllables that end with 'n' may all have the ending chad added to them.

•YAN 'JAD yan chad. Btsan-lha.

•YAN STABS freely. Thondup, BM 363.

•YAN DU more than [a number]. Klong-chen-pa 9.18 comm.

•YAN PA free ranging. See rgya yan. kha yan pa ni / gang 'dod du btang ba / ba yan sna med ni/ ba lang gang 'dod du btang ste sna phug nas thag ma btags pa / rta yan srab med (etc., similarly). 367 II 128.2 ff. unclaimed, unowned. Sources. 'khams pa cig la khyod kyi yul na g.yag yan pa yod dam myed gsung gi gda'. He asked a Khams pa, Do you have wild [free ranging] yaks in your country or not? Zhi-byed Coll. III 27.5.

•YAN PA DGAB PA na ba'i gos. Btsan-lha.

•YAN PO bastard. Sources.

•YAN LAG SKYES OT = pho mtshan. Blaṅ 305.3. pho mtshan dang bshang lam sogs. Btsan-lha. Smith, Philology 15. For an instance of usage, see Clarke's article in JIP XXXVII (2009) 12.

•YAN LAG GI RGYUD ancillary tantras, a type of tantra just as 'explanatory tantras' is a type of tantra. Example of usage in Lde'u 127.

•YAN LAG BRGYA PA See 'u su.

•YAN LAG BRGYAD See bsnyen gnas kyi sdom pa'i spang bya yan lag brgyad. For medical usage, see gso dpyad yan lag brgyad. See 'phags lam yan lag brgyad.

•YAN LAG BRGYAD LDAN See chu yan lag brgyad ldan. SBKK I 184.

•YAN LAG LNGA PA See rus sbal.

•YAN LAG BCU See dge tshul gyi spang bya yan lag bcu.

•YAN LAG CHU 'THUNG KP1 170.4.

•YAN LAG THAMS CAD KYI MCHOG mgo bo. Rtse-le VIII 422.

•YAN LAG DRUG kye rdor gyi sgrub thabs kyi yan lag drug ni / gzhal yas khang bskyed pa rnam snang gi yan lag / dbang bskur ba mi bskyod pa'i yan lag / bdud rtsi myang ba 'od dpag med kyi yan lag / bstod pa rin 'byung gi yan lag / mchod pa don grub kyi yan lag / rjes chags rdor sems kyi yan lag go. 600 83-84. Dung-dkar 108.

•YAN LAG BDUN phyag 'tshal ba'i yan lag / mchod pa'i yan lag / bshags pa'i yan lag / rjes su yi rang ba'i yan lag / chos kyi 'khor lo bskor bar bskul ba'i yan lag / mya ngan las mi 'da' bar gsol ba gdab pa'i yan lag / dge ba rdzogs byang du bsngo ba'i yan lag go. 600 92-93. See also rgyun bshags kyi yan lag bdun. See also kha sbyor yan lag bdun ldan. BA 769-770.

•YAN LAG GI RNAM PA 'having the aspect of a limb.' pho mtshan (male member).

•YAN LAG GI TSHON 'BRING PO intermediate branch colors. Jackson.

•YAN LAG BZHI LDAN DPUNG dpung tshogs yan lag bzhi ste / rta'i dmag dang / glang po che'i dmag dang / shing rta'i dmag dang / rkang thang gi dmag bcas bzhi'o. Gser Sbram 129. Example of usage in Toh. no. 217 (Śrīgupta Sūtra), p. 557.4 ff. [dpung gi tshogs yan lag bzhi pa].

•YAN LAG GI RI DWAGS See spre'u.

•YAB [1] hon. for father. [2] O.T. spelling for g.yab, q.v.

•YAB CHA dgos chas. Btsan-lha.

•YAB TA byung 'dzin. Btsan-lha.

•YAB PA rtogs pa. Btsan-lha.

•YAB 'BANGS patricians (or so I decided to translate it, as it occurs in Lde'u). G. Hazod in his article "From the Good Tradition to Religion," p. 5, introduces the translation "guard-corps" without going into the reasons for it.

•YAB MES Scherrer-Schaub in JIABS 25 (2002) 296.

•YAB YUM Germano, Poetic Thought 885.

•YAM CIG = dum cig. BBNP 472.

•YAM ME BA bka' babs yam me ba re mdzad / bka' bkyon phran bu re mdzad ces pa'i don te 'phan po'i yul skad yin. Dung-dkar 174. [1] approximate. [2] slight. C&LT 174.

•YAM ME TSAM lham me ba. Btsan-lha.

•YAM ME YOM ME shakily. Soundings 30. = yam yom. Samdo A V 124v.6, 125r.1, 125r.5.

•YAM MOR BYED PA yam yom byed pa. Btsan-lha.

•YAM YAM 'fluttering.' MTTP.

•YAM YOM wavering, quivering (?). Samdo A V 82v.6 (twice).

•YAM SHING mchod pa'i shing. Btsan-lha. [1] name of a type of feverish disease. 'go nad kyi ming ste: nad yams, cham yams zhes pa lta bu. Dag-yig. [2] a ladle of wine offered to the god. Tan, Theses 114 n. 3. A spoon used in libation rites. This would seem to be a common O.T. usage (see OTDO). Discussion in Uebach, Three 102 note 21.

•YAMS RE 'ga' re. kha shas. Btsan-lha.

•YAR DKAR An inverted teardrop shaped smear of butter that is often used to adorn gtor ma. Khenrap in TJ 25 no. 4 (2000) 76.

•YAR GAM g.yar dam. Btsan-lha.

•YAR GYU kha yar gcu ba. Nomads 249.

•YAR GROL Achard, L'Essence 161.

•YAR CHOB CHOB See under chob chob.[1]

•YAR RNYOG MAR RNYOG yar 'gro mar 'gro. Btsan-lha.

•YAR LDAN In contexts of explaining the way the three vows go with each other, it means something like 'possessing [the vows] upwardly/progressively.' As Sgam-po-pa uses the term it seems to mean that in cases of conflict between them, the higher vows have predominance, and so there is no fault in thereby neglecting the lower. Later, some seem to believe that the lower vows are 'improved' by the taking of the higher vows. Sobisch, Dissertation. Phadampa uses the term in this passage which tells his ideas about combining the three vows: 'o na nyan thos kyi tshul khrims sna cig la rten 'tshal lam myi 'tshal lam zhus pas / rten na yang bzang thar pa'i skas yin / lar mang po mang po'i nang du nyung ngu nyung ngu 'du ba yin / gsang sngags kyi dam tshig gtsang par bsrung na / 'og ma'i bslab pa ma bsrungs kyang der 'du ba yin / sdom pa gsum la rdzas tha dad pa myed / tha dad du bsrung pa yang yod de / de yang yar ldan yin gsung // //.

•YAR BA to scatter, get lost, dissolve, dissipate. Lde'u 245.

•YAR 'BRENG A part of a loom. See Dag-yig 325.

•YAR MA n. for a yak calf in its 2nd year of life. Topgyal in TJ 23 no. 3 (1998) 38.

•YAR MAR ungefähr, etwa. ZAS VII 474.

•YAR MO Khetsun Sangpo, History 181. 'bri sogs yar ma. Btsan-lha.

•YAR RDZOG gyen ldog. Nomads 249.

•YAR RA CHAGS PA See sin dhu ra.