This line of research covers a number of articles that devise endogenous growth models with physical capital, human capital and R&D - sometimes also natural resources -, detailing the steady-state properties, the importance of different externalities and the transitional dynamics - sometimes after policy shocks. Some of the main achievements were the following. First, the erosion effect of new technologies in the accumulation of human capital and its negative effect in growth and in the possibility of overinvestment in R&D to happen. Second, the fact that R&D subsidies are the main policy that affect long-run growth and welfare maintaining a balanced government deficit, even when compared with subsidies to education, which in turn, can see their effect on growth decrease due to unemployment. Third, several papers study transitional dynamics which tend to take several years and influence welfare more than when considering only comparative steady-state statics. These studies include explanations of the transition between historical economic stages, e.g. industrial revolutions and also the current secular stagnation. Finally, recent topics include the study of the effects of monetary policy, e.g. inflation, in  economic growth and wage inequality and the effect of automation technologies, and/or a declining population in the prospects for future economic growth and technological progress.

This line of research covers a number of articles that explain growth and productivity related with democracy, institutions, energy transitions, the weight of the tourism sector, and recently robotization. A particularly interesting result is that the effect of income on the energy mix depends on the democracy level. We find that more democratic countries tend to depart from the hydroelectric power, oil, and geothermal sources of energy to rely on coal, natural gas, and modern renewable sources (nuclear, biomass, wind, and others). An additional recent result points for a particularly lower effect of robotization in recent periods, even when compared with the effects of more traditional production factors (e.g. physical capital).