The sport involves runners (referred to as mozos) who attempt to outrun the bulls along a narrow course. While the event has no formal team structure, runners act individually to avoid being trampled or gored by the bulls. Traditionally, it is largely men who participate, though women can join as well. Of course, anyone of age, 18 years or older, is welcome to participate in the event so long as they follow the rules.

Unlike typical sports played in fields or stadiums, the Running of the Bulls takes place on the streets of Pamplona, which are lined with protective barriers. The bulls are guided by runners toward the bullring, where they will later be used in bullfights. Runners wear traditional white clothing with red scarves (pañuelos), which symbolizes the San Fermín festival.

The course is just over 800 meters long, and runners must keep up with or ahead of the bulls, without blocking their path. Safety rules are strictly enforced, and the bulls are guided along the route by trained steer (herding animals). There are also paramedics stationed along the route for emergency assistance. Participants are encouraged to train beforehand to understand the risks involved and ensure they can maintain their safety. Some other rules include being 18 years or older and not mistreating ay of the bulls. It is in the participants best interest to wear good running shoes. People must not block other people from running.

Running with the bulls requires speed, agility, and knowledge of the course. Runners often attempt to stay ahead of the bulls or alongside them to experience the thrill. Key strategies involve positioning yourself near the barriers to avoid the bulls' charge and timing your moves to avoid risky situations. It is important to keep an open eye and be aware of all surroundings as this is a dangerous event.