Language Disorders

1. Spoken and written language (listening, processing, speaking, reading, writing, pragmatics)
2. Phonology
3. Morphology
4. Syntax
5. Semantics
6. Pragmatics (language use and social aspects of communication)
7. Prelinguistic communication (e.g., joint attention, intentionality, communicative signaling)
8. Paralinguistic communication (e.g., gestures, signs, body language)
9. Literacy (reading, writing, spelling)

Cognitive Disorders

1. Attention
2. Memory
3. Problem solving
4. Executive function

Fluency Disorders

1. Stuttering
2. Cluttering

Speech Production Disorders

1. Motor planning and execution
2. Articulation
3. Phonological

Voice Disorders

1. Phonation quality
2. Pitch
3. Loudness
4. Alaryngeal voice

Resonance Disorders

1. Hypernasality
2. Hyponasality
3. Cul-de-sac resonance
4. Forward focus

1. Speech, language, communication, and listening skills impacted by hearing loss, deafness
2. Auditory processing

1. Oral phase
2. Pharyngeal phase
3. Esophageal phase
4. Atypical eating (e.g., food selectivity/refusal, negative physiologic response)

1. neonatal problems (e.g., prematurity, low birth weight, substance exposure);
2. developmental disabilities (e.g., specific language impairment, autism spectrum disorder, dyslexia, learning disabilities, attention-deficit disorder, intellectual disabilities, unspecified neurodevelopmental disorders);
3. disorders of aerodigestive tract function (e.g., irritable larynx, chronic cough, abnormal respiratory patterns or airway protection, paradoxical vocal fold motion, tracheostomy);
4. oral anomalies (e.g., cleft lip/palate, dental malocclusion, macroglossia, oral motor dysfunction);
5. respiratory patterns and compromise (e.g., bronchopulmonary dysplasia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease);
6. pharyngeal anomalies (e.g., upper airway obstruction, velopharyngeal insufficiency/incompetence);
7. laryngeal anomalies (e.g., vocal fold pathology, tracheal stenosis);
8. neurological disease/dysfunction (e.g., traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy, cerebrovascular accident, dementia, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis);
9. psychiatric disorder (e.g., psychosis, schizophrenia);
10. genetic disorders (e.g., Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome, Rett syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome); and
11. Orofacial myofunctional disorders (e.g., habitual open-mouth posture/nasal breathing, orofacial habits, tethered oral tissues, chewing and chewing muscles, lips and tongue resting position).

1. Transgender communication (e.g., voice, verbal and nonverbal communication);
2. Preventive vocal hygiene;
3. Business communication;
4. Accent/dialect modification; and
5. Professional voice use.