With AI tools, there are various educational technologies that allow to create personalized learning experiences for learners.
Below are examples of what personalization can look like in the Classroom Context.
Develop a tutor chatbot designed to help learners improve their writing skills.
Automatically generate a case study on digital literacy that is tailored to the learners’ academic programs.
If learners perform below a certain threshold in a specific subject area, a targeted instructional video will be shown to help them improve.
There are several ways to design personalized content in educational contexts
In algorithm-based personalized learning, the content or feedback adapts based on learners’ data or their past interactions. One common example of such a system is a chatbot.
A chatbot is a computer program that simulates human conversation (What Is a Chatbot?, 2021). Although not all chatbots use artificial intelligence (AI), those that do offer the greatest potential for personalization. By analyzing how learners interact, AI-powered chatbots can adjust their responses, provide tailored feedback, and respond to each student’s unique context in real time.
However, one of the challenges with algorithm-based personalized learning is that educators have less control over the output generated by the system. In some situations, AI-powered chatbots may produce inaccurate or fabricated responses, a phenomenon known as hallucination. Therefore, especially in 2025 where hallucination is still inevitable, when educators incorporate algorithm-based personalized learning, it is important to communicate with learners regarding limitations of algorithm-based personalized learning.
Tools to create algorithm-based personalized learning
ChatGPT:
ChatGPT allows users to create Custom GPTs, which are personalized versions of ChatGPT that can include additional context, instructions, or examples. Users can also upload files (such as PDFs or text documents) so the Custom GPT can reference their content when generating responses.P
Poe:
Poe is another platform for creating and interacting with chatbots. Similar to ChatGPT, it allows users to provide custom context and instructions. In addition, Poe lets users choose from multiple AI models (such as GPT-4, Claude, and others) when building or chatting with a bot, offering more flexibility in model selection.
Rule-based personalized learning uses predefined rules to guide learners to the next activity based on their performance, choices, or interactions. Rule-based personalized learning can use IF-THEN rules where depending on how the student performed on the activity, different learning activity will be shown. (Pelánek et al., 2024) For example, if a student struggled on suffixes, an educational video that explains the rule on suffixes will show up.
Compared with algorithm-based personalized learning, rule-based approaches give educators greater control over system outputs. However, because the rules must be manually defined, building these modules generally requires more time and effort.
Tools to create rule-based personalized learning
LMS (Canvas, Moodle, D2L, etc) :
Most Learning Management Systems (LMS), including Canvas, support rule-based personalized learning. For example, in Canvas, educators can set prerequisites so that specific modules or pages become visible only after a learner achieves a certain score or completes a required activity.
H5P’s Branching Scenario:
H5P’s Branching Scenario tool can be used to create a rule-based personalized learning pathway.
Click here to launch fullscreen for the H5P object above.
For example, the above Foundations for Computer Graphics branching scenario by Tony Mororero recommends resources tailored to the learner’s comfort level with mathematics.
A rule-based personalized learning pathway is created by designing decision-based branches that direct learners to different activities or materials depending on their responses.
Twine:
Twine is an open-source, HTML-based tool that allows you to create branching scenarios or choose-your-own-adventure-style games. You can take a look at the examples of interactive stories created using Twine here.