Electrical

Overview

Our Covid test delivery robot employs a multitude of electrical components powered by the Arduino Mega 2560. Our 12V DC brushed motors are controlled by the L298N motor driver. The line tracking is done by the H048W tape sensor which allows us to track lines with relatively high accuracy. The object detection is handled by the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor which allows us to detect obstacles at distances of up to four meters. Our compartment is opened by a YWBL-WH IR sensor, which allows the user to open the comportment without needing to physically touch the box. The lid of the box is opened by the SG90 servo motor connected to a cam.

Full Schematic of system

Our main components include the L298N motor driver, Adafruit tape sensors, and the SG90 servo motor. The L298N was connected to an external power supply which delivered 14V to the system. From the built-in 5-volt regulator on the motor driver, we powered our Arduino Mega 2560 and any other components that required 5 volts such as the tape sensors, servo motor, and ultrasonic sensor.

L298N Motor Driver

The L298N motor driver was chosen as it was capable of running our two DC brushed motors at the current rating the motors need. The driver is connected to our battery supplying 14V while there is a 5V supply for the logic of the IC. Using the L298N we are able to control the direction of the motors and the speed at which they rotate.