"Why" universal design for learning (UDL)? UDL creates an environment for learners to acquire, engage and demonstrate knowledge that is learner-centered rather than teacher-driven (Gidden & Jones, 2021). The UDL approach to instruction includes three principles: (a) multiple means of engagement, (b) multiple means of representation, and c) multiple means of action and expression (Gidden & Jones, 2021). UDL is designed to meet the varied needs of all learners through instruction that is challenging, flexible, and varied (Boothe, 2018).

Reach Everyone, Teach Everyone!

The "what" of learning is related to motivation and engagement. The affective network considers the learners' emotional response to the topic and learning:

• Increase representation through multiple and varied learning materials that allow learners to gain knowledge and information in various ways.

• Ensure multiple means of expression and provide learners with many alternatives to show what they know and make learning visible.

• Provide multiple means of engagement by getting to know individual learners' interests and abilities. Provide appropriate challenges to increase motivation (McNutt & Craddock, 2021).

The strategic network is the"how" of learning, includes executive function, and is related to how learners communicate their Ideas.

• The responsibility for adjusting is placed on the instructor rather than the student.

• Allow students to demonstrate their ideas or work through various methods, representing multiple means of action and expression. This can include technology-based tools, which students are already familiar with, to meet diverse student needs instead of traditional textbooks and learning materials.

• Diverse classrooms require diverse instructional practices. Using the three principles encourages the teacher/instructor to make changes to traditional instruction and address the predictability of student diversity (Boothe et al., 2018).

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