Physical Setup w/ Sample Python Code

The following picture combines the GPIOs with a breadboard for prototyping a simple LED circuit. Please note that the breadboard runs horizontally in the centre using bars and vertically on the sides using rails.

Coding in Python Using Abstractions

Abstraction can be defined as act of representing essential features without including the background details or explanations. They are used in coding to reduce complexity and increase efficiency. In the following code abstraction, a portion of the code shown on the left is replaced on the right using a new single-line code that performs the same function. The abstraction highlights the use of pre-defined commands that exist within the gpiozero library.

There are many other commands that are pre-defined as a part of the imported library:

• led.on() - Switches the Pin high
• led.off() - Switches the Pin low
• led.blink() - Makes the LED blink
• led.toggle() - Change the LED state
• led.pin.number - Gives the pin number
• led.is_lit - Gives the current state

Hardware Abstraction w/ Pre-defined Commands

Hardware abstraction can also be used in GPIO pinning with the RPi. In this instance, LEDs can be prototyped on a breadboard or bought in a pre-fabricated module.

Sample Code