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The Four Main Components of a Phone
There are four main components of a phone in this section: the screen, the battery, the casing & the electronics inside the phone. A variety of elements, compounds, alloys, and mixtures are identified in each part with various roles due to their properties. For example, a metal being ductile such as copper is useful for making wires with it. This page will explain each substance, mixture and alloy comprised in each part.
Screen
Screen
Rare Earth Elements:
The rare earth element compounds are used in trivial amounts to make the colours on the phone's screen. Some compounds also reduce the amount of UV light penetration into the phone.
The rare earth elements that are used include yttrium, lanthanum, terbium, praseodymium, europium, dysprosium & gadolinium.
Compounds:
In usual mobile phones, the glass is made of aluminosilicate which contains alumina and silica. Potassium ions help make it more robust.
Mixtures:
Indium tin oxide is composed of indium oxide and tin oxide, & is used on the transparent film of the phone so the touch-screen function can be used and electricity can be conducted.
Battery
Battery
Mixtures:
Lithium-ion batteries are made of lithium cobalt oxide and graphite (carbon).
Some batteries use many metals like manganese instead of cobalt (see compounds) while aluminium makes up the phone casing.
Casing
Casing
Compounds:
Plastics contain flame-retardant compounds containing bromine and nickel to reduce electromagnetic interference.
Alloys:
Alloyed magnesium compounds are used to construct the phone case.
Electronics
Electronics
Elements:
Tin and lead are used to solder electronics comprised in a mobile phone.
Pure silicon is used to create the chip which is oxidised. Other elements including oxygen, antimony, arsenic, phosphorus & gallium are added to enhance the chip's electricity conductivity.
Nickel is used for the microphone & for electrical connections. Neodymium, terbium and dysprosium are included in the vibration unit.
Copper is used for wiring in the mobile phone as of its ductility. Moreover, gold, silver & copper is also used to fashion micro-electrical components. Tantalum is mainly used for micro-capacitors.
Alloys:
More recent lead-free solders are made of tin, copper and silver & are used to solder electronics comprised in a phone.
Alloys which are made of praseodymium, gadolinium and neodymium are in the magnets of the speakers and microphone.
Creators: Marwin Smith and Joydeep Singh
Subject: Year 8 Science SHE Task
Teacher: Mr Warnecke
Email (Marwin Smith):
Marwin.Smith396@schools.sa.edu.au
Email (Joydeep Singh):
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