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The Declaration on human rights defenders was adopted by consensus by the General Assembly in 1998, on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, after 14 year of negotiations. (See General Assembly Resolution A/RES/53/144 adopting the Declaration on human rights defenders).

The Declaration's full name is the "Declaration on the Right and Responsibility of Individuals, Groups and Organs of Society to Promote and Protect Universally Recognized Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms". However, it is often abbreviated to "The Declaration on human rights defenders".

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The Declaration provides for the support and protection of human rights defenders in the context of their work. It does not create new rights but instead articulates existing rights in a way that makes it easier to apply them to the practical role and situation of human rights defenders. It gives attention, for example, to access to funding by organizations of human rights defenders and to the gathering and exchange of information on human rights standards and their violation. The Declaration outlines some specific duties of States and the responsibilities of everyone with regard to defending human rights, in addition to explaining its relationship with national law. Most of the Declaration's provisions are summarized in the following paragraphs. It is important to reiterate that human rights defenders have an obligation under the Declaration to conduct peaceful activities.

The Declaration emphasizes that everyone has duties towards and within the community and encourages us all to be human rights defenders. Articles 10, 11 and 18 outline responsibilities for everyone to promote human rights, to safeguard democracy and its institutions and not to violate the human rights of others. Article 11 makes a special reference to the responsibilities of persons exercising professions that can affect the human rights of others, and is especially relevant for police officers, lawyers, judges, etc.

The Commentary to the Declaration on human rights defenders (PDF) is a key document developed in 2011 and based on the work of the first two Special Rapporteurs on the situation of human rights defenders.1 It aims to support those who stand for human rights by increasing understanding of the UN Declaration on human rights defenders and awareness on the dangers they face. View the Commentary page for more information.

[1] The report also contains proposals for the implementation of the Declaration. In July 2011, Margaret Sekaggya issued a Commentary to the Declaration on human rights defenders, a key document mapping out the rights provided for in the Declaration based mostly on information received and reports produced by the mandate. A more detailed commentary on the Declaration was provided in the report of the Secretary-General to the Commission on Human Rights at its fifty-sixth session, in 2000 (E/CN.4/2000/95).

Land and environmental defenders play a crucial role in protecting their land - and our climate - against destructive business practices. Yet more defenders than ever are being killed, while others are threatened, criminalised and attacked. Businesses, financiers and governments must protect defenders and bring those who harm them to justice.

Lastly, we are pressuring businesses and financiers to look at their supply chains and operations, such as securing a commitment from agribusiness companies named in our report Defending the Philippines that they will review and strengthen their policies and commitments to defenders.

NIJC's Defenders Initiative responds to email inquiries from criminal defense attorneys who have questions regarding potential immigration consequences that their immigrant defendant clients may face. Email defenders@heartlandalliance.org to contact the Defenders Initiative to schedule a training or ask a question about how your client's criminal case may impact his or her immigration status.

Federal defender organizations, together with the more than 12,000 private "panel attorneys" who accept CJA assignments annually, represent the vast majority of individuals who are prosecuted in our nation's federal courts. CJA panel attorneys accept appointments in all CJA cases in the four districts not served by a federal defender organization. In those districts with a defender organization, panel attorneys are typically assigned between 30 percent and 40 percent of the CJA cases, generally those where a conflict of interest or some other factor precludes federal defender representation. Nationwide, federal defenders receive approximately 60 percent of CJA appointments, and the remaining 40 percent are assigned to the CJA panel.

Acting under the supervision and direction of the Judicial Conference, the Administrative Office of the United States Courts oversees the expenditure of funds appropriated by Congress; administers the federal defender and panel attorney program on a national basis; is responsible for training related to furnishing representation under the CJA; and provides legal, policy, management, and fiscal advice to the Conference and its committees, judges, defenders and their staffs, and panel attorneys. Program support for the CJA is provided by the Defender Services Office of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts.

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The objective of the first forum was to provide a space for discussion on the situation of human rights defenders in environmental matters in Latin America and the Caribbean, bringing together the Parties to the Escaz Agreement, recognized specialists in the field, and the public, especially human rights defenders, indigenous peoples and local communities, and people or groups in vulnerable situations who defend the environment.

The McCain Institute at Arizona State University is deeply committed to upholding freedom, democracy and universal human rights. Reflecting this commitment, the McCain Institute has launched a program to provide transitional assistance to human rights defenders who have been forced to flee their homes or to work underground due to harassment, intimidation or violent threats.

Such trends put the lives of human rights defenders, as well as their friends and families, at grave risk. Many have to flee their homes. Through the Human Rights Defenders program, the McCain Institute provides funding, logistical assistance and referrals to human rights defenders in distress, helping them to:

On 27 April 2022, the European Commission presented a set of proposals against manifestly unfounded or abusive court proceedings against public participation (known as SLAPPs). The planned measures are a mix of legislation and recommendations designed to equip journalists and human rights defenders who are targets of SLAPP with the tools to fight back against abusive court proceedings.

The EU action consists of a proposal for a Directive and a Recommendation. The aim of the proposed Directive is to provide targeted civil procedural safeguards against SLAPPs with cross-border implications brought against natural or legal persons, in particular journalists and human rights defenders. The Recommendation will complement the proposed Directive, and cover also purely national cases. It will also encompass domestic criminal and administrative law adjustments to be made. The focus is on training, awareness raising, support and monitoring.

These players were all over the court last season and have a chance to prove themselves even further, all vying for defensive player of the year awards. Here's a list of the top defenders in men's college basketball ahead of the 2023-24 season.

In its 1998 Annual Report, the Commission highlighted the importance and ethical dimension of the work carried out by individuals and organizations dedicated to promoting, monitoring, and providing counsel in the area of human rights. In that report, the Commission recommended that the OAS Member States take all necessary measures to protect the physical integrity of human rights defenders and to ensure they can work under appropriate conditions (1998 Annual Report, Chapter VII, Recommendation 4). After these recommendations were presented to the Member States, the OAS General Assembly adopted Resolution 1671, entitled "Human Rights Defenders in the Americas: Support for the Individuals, Groups, and Organizations of Civil Society Working to Promote and Protect Human Rights in the Americas." In that resolution, adopted June 7, 1999, the General Assembly instructed the Permanent Council, in coordination with the Inter-American Commission, to continue studying the issue of human rights defenders in the region. In 2001, the General Assembly requested that the Commission consider preparing a study in this area (AG/RES.1818).

In December 2001, taking into account the General Assembly's request, as well as civil society's interest in having a focal point at the Inter-American Commission that would closely follow the issue of human rights defenders, the Executive Secretariat decided to establish a Unit for Human Rights Defenders. Its role would be to coordinate the Executive Secretariat's activities in this area and, in particular, to follow the situation of human rights defenders throughout the region.

During its 141st session, held in March 2011, the IACHR decided to create an Office of the Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights Defenders, in view of the petitions it has received and in the interest of giving greater visibility to the important role human rights defenders and justice operators have in building a democratic society in which the rule of law is in full effect. As a result, the Unit has now been turned into the Office of the Rapporteur. ff782bc1db