Before advent of present-day technology, the assistive devices available for the visually impaired were primarily traditional, mechanical, or analog in nature.
White Canes have a long history as tools for mobility assistance. Initially simple sticks, they evolved into more structured canes with tips designed to detect obstacles through touch.
Developed in the early 19th century by Louis Braille, the Braille system revolutionized written communication for the blind. It consists of raised dots representing letters and symbols, enabling tactile reading.
Optical magnifiers were used to enlarge text and images, aiding individuals with low vision in reading printed materials.