Objective: Enhance the magnetic, ferroelectric properties and photocatalytic properties of BiFeO₃ (BFO) nanoparticles through A-site (Ca²⁺) and B-site (Cr³⁺) co-substitution.

Composition Studied: Bi₀.₉₇Ca₀.₀₃CrₓFe₁₋ₓO₃ with x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05.

Highlights: 

• Average particle size decreased from ~83 nm to ~61 nm with Cr doping.

• Particle size reduction below the spin cycloid wavelength (~62 nm) suppressed antiferromagnetic ordering.

• Saturation magnetization (Ms) increased over 3×, remanent magnetization (Mr) increased 28× (max for BCFOCr-5).

• Exchange bias effect confirmed a core–shell FM–AFM structure.

• Néel temperature (Tₙ) increased to ~743 K with Ca doping, indicating enhanced magnetic ordering.

• Magnetization trends correlated with particle size, oxygen vacancy concentration, and strain.

Project Status : Published in Ceramics International

DOI : doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.05.273 

Objective: This research project aims to synthesize and investigate Gadolinium (Gd³⁺)-doped Nickel Ferrite (NiFe₂O₄) nanoparticles to understand how rare-earth ion substitution influences their structural, magnetic, and electrochemical properties. By introducing Gd³⁺ into the spinel lattice, the study will explore changes in crystal structure, magnetic behavior, and electrochemical performance, particularly focusing on parameters critical for energy storage. The goal is to assess the suitability of these doped ferrites for applications in supercapacitors electrodes and pseudocapacitive systems. 

Composition Studied: NiGdxFe2-xO4 

Highlights: 

• Gd incorporation up to 7.5 mol% retains a predominantly single-phase cubic spinel structure and reduces crystallite size through lattice strain, preserving structural integrity.

• The 2.5 mol% composition provides the optimal balance of cation redistribution and oxygen vacancies, enhancing superexchange interactions and nearly doubling the saturation magnetisation.

• This composition also improves ion diffusion and redox activity, delivering the highest capacitance of 173.1 F g⁻¹ at 5 mV s⁻¹ with the lowest charge-transfer resistance.

• At higher Gd levels, secondary phases emerge and degrade both magnetic and electrochemical performance, confirming 2.5 mol% as the optimal doping level.  

Project Status : Published in Journal of Materials Chemistry C

DOI : doi.org/10.1039/D5TC04075B

Objective: This study aims to synthesize and characterize cobalt-doped LaFeO₃ (LCFO) nanoparticles as multifunctional materials for environmental remediation, with a particular focus on lead (Pb²⁺) ion removal from contaminated water systems. By systematically substituting cobalt at the Fe site, we aim to investigate how compositional tuning influences the structural, optical, and magnetic properties of LaFeO₃, and how these modifications contribute to the enhanced efficiency of Pb²⁺ contaminant removal from aqueous systems. Furthermore, we employed Co-doped LaFeO₃ to evaluate the removal efficiency of toxic lead ions from aqueous media through chemical adsorption.

Composition Studied: LaCoxFe1-xO3 

Highlights: 

• Co-doped LaFeO₃ removes 64.17 % Pb²⁺ from a 3.88 ppm aqueous solution.

• Oxygen vacancy and mixed Fe³⁺/Fe⁴⁺ states correlate with enhanced Pb²⁺ adsorption.

• Pb²⁺ adsorption follows pseudo-second-order kinetics and Freundlich isotherm.

• Co substitution reduces bandgap from 2.23 to 1.82 eV, supported by DFT.

• Enhanced magnetism enables facile separation and potential adsorbent reuse.

Project Status : Published in Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances

DOI : doi.org/10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101028

Objective: Enhance the visible-light-driven photocatalytic efficiency of BiFeO₃ (BFO) nanoparticles through A-site (Ca²⁺) and B-site (Cr³⁺) co-substitution by tuning bandgap, structural, and charge transport properties for effective dye degradation under neutral pH conditions.

Composition Studied: Bi₀.₉₇Ca₀.₀₃CrₓFe₁₋ₓO₃ with x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05.

Highlights: 

• Bandgap reduced from ~2.13 eV (pure BFO) to ~1.80 eV (BCFOCr-5), enabling enhanced visible light absorption.

• Photocatalytic degradation efficiency reached ~93% for methylene blue at neutral pH (x = 0.05), among the highest for BFO systems without pH adjustment.

• Reaction kinetics improved significantly, with rate constant increasing from ~0.01358 to ~0.03038 min⁻¹. 

• Oxygen vacancies and defect states introduced by doping enhanced charge separation and reduced electron-hole recombination.

• Formation of AFM-FM core-shell structure promoted efficient charge transport and improved photocatalytic activity.

• Improved stoichiometry and reduced bismuth volatilization observed in co-doped samples, enhancing material stability.

Project Status : Published in RSC Advances

DOI : doi.org/10.1039/D5RA06225J 

Objective: To synthesize and systematically characterize rare-earth (La³⁺, Er³⁺, and Tm³⁺)-doped cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂O₄) nanoparticles in order to tailor their structural, magnetic, and surface properties for magnetic hyperthermia-assisted drug delivery applications. The study aims to investigate the influence of low-level (2%) rare-earth substitution on cation distribution, magnetocrystalline anisotropy, and magnetic relaxation behavior, and to correlate these modifications with heating efficiency (SAR), biocompatibility, and drug loading capability through chitosan surface functionalization. 

Composition Studied: CoRExFe2-xO4 (RE = La³⁺, Er³⁺, Tm³⁺; x = 0.02)  

Characterization Tests Conducted : 

• Synthesis : Sol-gel autocombustion

• Structural and Morphological : XRD, TEM

• Magnetic : VSM

• Surface & Colloidal : FTIR, DLS, Zeta potential

• Biological : In vitro cytotoxicity assays

• Functional : Drug loading efficiency, theoretical SAR analysis 

Project Status : Manuscript Under Preparation

Objective: To synthesize and characterize NiFe2O4 nanoflowers and their nanocomposites for advanced supercapacitor electrodes with enhanced capacitance, improved electrical conductivity, ion diffusion kinetics, and structural stability. The project investigates synergistic nanocomposite effects on electrochemical parameters including specific capacitance, cycling stability, and energy-power density. 

Composition Studied: NiFe2O4  

Characterization Tests Conducted : 

• Synthesis : Hydrothermal

• Structural and Morphological: XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS

• Electrochemical : CV, EIS, GCD

Project Status : Ongoing

Objective: This research aims to synthesize ferrites and investigate their potential for magnetic hyperthermia-based cancer treatment. The study focuses on understanding how particle size, morphology, magnetic properties, and colloidal stability influence heat generation under an alternating magnetic field. The biocompatibility and in vitro therapeutic effectiveness of the nanoparticles against cancer cells will also be evaluated. In addition to heat generation under an alternating magnetic field, the system is designed for drug loading, controlled drug release, and targeted drug delivery to enhance therapeutic efficiency while minimizing side effects on healthy tissues.

Composition Studied: CoFe2O4, MnFe2O4, MgFe2O4, NiFe₂O₄

Characterization Tests Conducted : 

• Phase & Structural Analysis: XRD and FTIR

•  Morphology & Microstructure: FESEM and TEM

•  Composition & Surface Chemistry: EDS and XPS

•  Colloidal Stability: DLS and Zeta Potential

•  Magnetic Properties: VSM

• Biological Evaluation: Cytotoxicity Assay (MTT), In-Vitro Magnetic Hyperthermia on Cancer Cell Lines 

• Hyperthermia Performance: SAR Measurements under Alternating Magnetic Field

Project Status : Ongoing

Objective: This research aims to develop a stable, cost-effective Hole Transport Layer using Sodium-doped Vanadium Pentoxide Na-doped V2O5 to overcome the bulk resistance limitations of pristine V2O5. Implemented via thermal evaporation and post-deposition annealing, Na+ doping drastically enhances film conductivity by inducing small polaron hopping via V5+ to V4+ reduction. Additionally, electropositive sodium intercalation deepens the work function to 5.4 eV to establish an ideal Ohmic contact with the perovskite valence band, maximizing open-circuit voltage (V). These dopant ions ultimately act as structural "atomic pillars" within the lattice, significantly improving long-term device stability against environmental moisture and ion migration.  

Composition Studied: V2O5  

Characterization Tests Conducted : 

• Phase & Structural Analysis: XRD, Raman, and FTIR 

• Morphology & Microstructure: FESEM and AFM 

• Compositional & Valence Evaluation: EDS and XPS 

• Optoelectronic Performance: UV-Vis and PL 

• Electrical & Photovoltaic Function: Four-Point Probe and Solar Simulator (J-V curves) 

Project Status : Ongoing

Objective: This research aims to engineer an active-targeting, dual-action nanocarrier platform using folic acid-conjugated self-assembled lysozyme nanoparticles (snLYZ-FA) for breast cancer and glioblastoma applications. By combining lysozyme's intrinsic, ROS-driven anticancer toxicity with folate receptor-α (FRα) active targeting, the platform overcomes traditional synthetic polymer bottlenecks and passive delivery inefficiencies. The ultra-compact, highly positive carrier utilizes its surface charge to facilitate blood-brain barrier passage. Ultimately, this system establishes a unified multi-drug framework capable of deploying tailored payloads Doxorubicin for breast cancer, and Temozolomide alongside Curcumin for glioblastoma to synergistically trigger tumor-specific apoptosis. 

Characterization Tests Conducted : 

• Physicochemical Profiling: DLS, Zeta Potential, and TEM 

• Structural Verification: FTIR and UV-Vis Profiling 

• Loading Efficiency: EE% and DL% studies 

• Release Kinetics: In Vitro Dissolution tracking 

• Hemolytic Safety: Hemolysis Assays 

• Anticancer Efficacy: MTT Assays and Flow Cytometry 

Project Status : Ongoing

Objective: This study aims to synthesize and investigate erbium (Er³⁺)-substituted LaFeO₃ nanoparticles as electrode materials for pseudocapacitive energy storage. By introducing Er at the A-site, it examines how defect engineering, including changes in oxygen vacancies, lattice distortion, and cation valence states, influences the structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties of LaFeO₃. The goal is to correlate defect chemistry with improved charge storage performance for efficient supercapacitor applications. 

Composition Studied: La1-xErxFeO3 

Highlights: 

• Er³⁺ substitution up to 20 mol% preserves a single-phase orthorhombic structure, reduces crystallite size, and increases microstrain, thereby suppressing grain growth.

• XPS confirms higher oxygen vacancy concentration and increased Fe⁴⁺ content, indicating improved defect-assisted charge transport.

• La₀.₈Er₀.₂FeO₃ shows the highest capacitance of 288.2 F g⁻¹ at 5 mV s⁻¹ and 201.4 F g⁻¹ at 2 A g⁻¹, due to enhanced ion mobility and redox activity.

• EIS reveals reduced Warburg impedance and charge-transfer resistance, supporting faster ion diffusion and improved pseudocapacitive behavior. 

Project Status : Under Review with RSC Advances

Objective: Investigate how rare-earth Gadolinium dopant substitution impacts the structural, magnetic and electrochemical properties of Nickel Ferrite, assessing their suitability for energy storage.

Composition Studied: NiTmxFe2-xO4 

Characterization Tests Conducted : 

• Synthesis : Sol-gel

• Structural and Morphological : XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS

• Magnetic : VSM

• Dielectric : Impedence Analyzer 

Project Status : Manuscript Under Preparation

Objective: To synthesize and characterize Thulium (Tm)-doped Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe₂O₄) nanoparticles with the aim of enhancing their magnetic and dielectric properties for advanced multifunctional applications. By introducing rare-earth element Tm³⁺ into the spinel ferrite structure, the project seeks to investigate the structural modifications and their influence on key parameters such as saturation magnetization, coercivity, dielectric constant, and loss tangent.

Composition Studied: CoTmxFe2-xO4 

Characterization Tests Conducted : 

• Synthesis : Sol-gel Autocombustion

• Structural and Morphological : XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS

• Magnetic : VSM

• Dielectric : Impedence Analyzer  

Project Status : Manuscript Under Preparation

Objective: To synthesize and characterize Thulium (Tm³⁺) and Holmium (Ho³⁺)-doped lanthanum ferrite (LaFeO₃) nanoparticles with the aim of enhancing their magnetic and dielectric properties for advanced magnetoelectric applications. By introducing rare-earth elements Tm³⁺ and Ho³⁺ into the A-site of the perovskite lattice, the project seeks to investigate the induced structural distortions and their influence on key parameters such as saturation magnetization, coercivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss. 

Composition Studied: La1-xRExFeO3 (RE= Tm3+, Ho3+; x = 0-0.1)  

Characterization Tests Conducted : 

• Synthesis : Sol-gel Autocombustion

• Structural and Morphological: XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS

• Magnetic : VSM

• Dielectric : Impedence Analyzer  

Project Status : Ongoing