Teno App Download Apk

Torque teno virus (TTV) is a promising novel marker for quantifying the immune function in solid organ recipients, whose diagnostic accuracy of acute rejection (AR) and infection after kidney transplantation (KT) has not been evaluated. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of TTV for discriminating AR and infection after KT. Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis. Seven studies focused on the diagnostic accuracy of TTV for AR, and the pooled analysis indicated patients who developed AR had a significant lower TTV viral DNA load (log10 copies/mL, MD: -0.74, p < 0.01). The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for TTV in AR differentiation were 0.61 (0.36-0.82), 0.81 (0.64-0.91), and 0.79 (0.75-0.82), respectively. The overall diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 6.74 (2.60-17.50), positive likelihood ratio (PLR) was 3.22 (1.75-5.95), and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) was 0.48 (0.27-0.84), respectively. Similarly, seven studies investigated the infection discrimination and found that patients who subsequently developed posttransplant infection had higher plasma TTV DNA loads (log10 copies/mL, MD: 0.65; p < 0.01) than those remaiing infection-free. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for TTV in infection differentiation were 0.72 (0.39-0.91), 0.57 (0.30-0.80), and 0.68 (0.64-0.72), respectively. The overall DOR was 3.28 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.08-5.17), the pooled PLR and NLR were 1.65 (95% CI: 1.25-2.18) and 0.50 (95% CI: 0.29-0.86), respectively. TTV might be a modest indicator for risk stratification of AR after KT, but it is a poor to discriminate posttransplant infection.

Torque teno virus (TTV), currently classified into the family Circoviridae, genus Anellovirus, was first found in a patient with non-A-E hepatitis. TTV has a single stranded circular DNA of approximately 3.8 kb. TTVs are extraordinarily diverse, spanning five groups including SANBAN and SEN viruses. Torque teno mini virus (TTMV) with approximately 2.9 kb genome also has wide variants. Recently, two related 2.2- and 2.6-kb species joined this community. Recombinations between variants are frequent. This extensive TTV diversity remains unexplained; it is unclear how TTVs could be viable, and why they require such genetic variation. An unequivocal culture system is still not available. TTVs are ubiquitous in > 90% of adults worldwide but no human pathogenicity of TTV has been fully established. Epidemiological surveys need to specify the variants being studied and clinical targets, and must calibrate the sensitivity of the assay used. Potentially interesting observations include a higher viral load in patients with severe idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, cancer and lupus. Active replication was also found in infants with acute respiratory diseases. TTV/TTMV-related viruses were found in chimpanzees, apes, African monkeys and tupaias, and also in chickens, pigs, cows, sheep and dogs. Experimentally, rhesus monkeys were persistently infected by TTV, but only 1/53 chimpanzees. TTV transcribes three species of mRNAs, 3.0-, 1.2- and 1.0-kb in the ratio of 60:5:35. Recently, at least three mRNAs were shown in chicken anaemia virus. The genomic region -154/-76 contains a critical promoter. TTV seems to have at least three proteins; however, the definite functions of these proteins await further research work.

DOWNLOAD 🔥 https://ssurll.com/2y846u 🔥

Torque teno virus is a small chronically persisting circular negative ssDNA virus reaching near 100% prevalence. It is reported to be a marker for immune function in immunocompromised patients. The possibility of vertical maternal-fetal transmission remains controversial but incidence rate of TTV DNA in children increased with age. TTV dynamics well studied for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as a predictor of post-transplant complications but there is no viral proliferation kinetics data for other patient groups or healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to determine TTV dynamics during the first year of life of healthy infants.

Torque teno virus (TTV) is a small chronically persisting circular negative ssDNA virus reaching near 100% prevalence [1, 2]. TTV is transmitted in all ways including contact and respiratory [3]. It was suggested that presence of TTV can cause several diseases such as acute respiratory diseases [4], liver diseases [5, 6] and cancer [7], but this data did not have any convincing support. It is reported to be a marker for immune function in immunocompromised patients [8].

Quantification of torque teno virus (TTV) has been proposed as a surrogate parameter to monitor immunocompetence in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) early after transplantation. However, its use in monitoring short-term changes of immunosuppression in KTRs late after transplantation requires further investigation.

Doberer K, Schiemann M, Strassl R, Haupenthal F, Dermuth F, Grzer I, Eskandary F, Reindl-Schwaighofer R, Kiki, Puchhammer-Stckl E, Bhmig GA, Bond G. Torque teno virus for risk stratification of graft rejection and infection in kidney transplant recipients-A prospective observational trial. Am J Transplant. 2020 Aug;20(8):2081-2090. doi:10.1111/ajt.15810. Epub 2020 Mar 8.

Focosi D, Spezia PG, Macera L, Salvadori S, Navarro D, Lanza M, Antonelli G, Pistello M, Maggi F. Assessment of prevalence and load of torquetenovirus viraemia in a large cohort of healthy blood donors. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020 Jan 20:S1198-743X(20)30036-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.01.011.

Solis M, Velay A, Gantner P, Bausson J, Filipputtu A, Freitag R, Moulin B, Caillard S, Fafi-Kremer S. Torquetenovirus viremia for early prediction of graft rejection after kidney transplantation. J Infect. 2019 Jul;79(1):56-60. Strassl R, Doberer K, Rasoul-Rockenschaub S, Herkner H, Grzer I, Klger JP, Schmidt R, Haslacher H, Schiemann

Macera L, Spezia PG, Medici C, Rofi E, Del Re M, Focosi D, Mazzetti P, Navarro D, Antonelli G, Danesi R, Pistello M, Maggi F. Comparative evaluation of molecular methods for the quantitative measure of torquetenovirus viremia, the new surrogate marker of immune competence. J Med Virol. 2019 Apr 19. 006ab0faaa