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Cobalt value with principal countries, where certain production is concentrated (modified after Lusty et al. 2022).
Cobalt is mainly produced as a by-product of copper from sediment-hosted copper cobalt deposits, most of which are situated in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The second-largest production of cobalt comes from nickel mining (laterite and magmatic sulfide deposits), where the main producers are Australia and Indonesia. Cobalt is traded in a variety of different products and are used for different manufacturing purposes. Cobalt from the DRC is chiefly processed into cobalt hydroxide, while other operations produce also other cobalt chemicals (e.g. cobalt sulfide) and cobalt metal. Most of these intermediate products are shipped to China, where it is further refined to a product that is used in manufacturing for various applications. Cobalt sulfate is the main product that is used to manufacture battery cathodes.
Further Reading
Further Reading
Lusty PA, Josso P, Price F, Singh N, Gunn AG, Shaw R, Deady EA, Grant H, Idoine NE, 2022. Study on future UK demand and supply of lithium, nickel, cobalt, manganese and graphite for electric vehicle batteries. Commissioned Report CR/22/079. British Geological Survey. 72 p. Available at: https://ukcmic.org/reports/ukcmic-battery-minerals-report.pdf.
Petavratzi E, Gunn AG, Kresse C, 2019. Cobalt. BGS Commodity Review. British Geological Survey. 72 p. Accessed: 22/07/2020. Available at: https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/mineralsuk/download/mineralProfiles/BGS_Commodity_Review_Cobalt.pdf.
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