A Website for Families of Children From Birth Through Grade 3 Created by Jessica Laing
WELCOME!
Welcome to our "Technology, Early Literacy & Young Children" website! This resource is designed to help families understand how technology can be used to support early literacy development in children from birth through third grade. Here, you'll find research-based information on the benefits and cautions of using technology with young children, guidelines for screen time and media use, and practical ideas and activities for fostering early literacy through technology. Early childhood professionals at our center are committed to partnering with you, offering guidance and support to help you make informed decisions about integrating technology into your child's learning journey.
IN BRIEF: WHAT RESEARCH SAYS. . .
Research on the use of technology in early childhood education has shown both potential benefits and risks. When used appropriately, technology can support early literacy development, but it also requires careful consideration to avoid negative impacts such as excessive screen time. Here are five key points from the research:
1. Interactive Media Enhances Literacy Skills
Technology, when used interactively and intentionally, can significantly support early literacy skills. Interactive e-books and educational apps engage children in ways that traditional media cannot, offering opportunities for children to develop vocabulary and comprehension skills through multimedia features (NAEYC & Fred Rogers Center, 2012a).
2. Screen Time and Speech Delays
Excessive screen time, particularly passive consumption of media, can lead to speech delays in toddlers. Research indicates that children who spend more time on screens have less opportunity for interactive play and conversation, which are crucial for language development (Gellner, 2023).
3. Balanced Use of Technology
A balanced approach to technology use is essential. Integrating technology into early childhood education should be done thoughtfully, ensuring it complements rather than replaces traditional literacy activities such as reading books and storytelling (NAEYC & Fred Rogers Center, 2012b).
4. Educational Media and Literacy
High-quality educational media can support literacy development by providing engaging content that reinforces phonics, vocabulary, and storytelling skills. Programs designed with literacy outcomes in mind can be effective tools in promoting early reading skills (Linebarger, Guernsey, & Lewis, n.d.).
5. Parental Involvement and Technology Use
Parental involvement in children's technology use is crucial. When parents actively engage with their children during screen time, discussing content and encouraging interactive use, it enhances the educational value of the technology and supports literacy development (Buckleitner, n.d.-a).
Sources:
Buckleitner, W. (n.d.-a). Selecting apps to support children’s learning. NAEYC. https://eewww.naeyc.org/our-work/families/selecting-apps-support-children
Gellner, C. (Host). (2023, November 12). Screen time and speech delays in toddlers [Audio podcast episode]. In Healthy Kids Zone. https://healthcare.utah.edu/the-scope/kids-zone/all/2023/11/screen-time-and-speech-delays-toddlers
Linebarger, D., Guernsey, L., & Lewis, M. (n.d.). Educational media: Screen time and literacy [Multimedia]. Reading Rockets. https://www.readingrockets.org/helping-all-readers/voices-experts/webcasts/educational-media-screen-time-and-literacy?trans=yes#part1
National Association for the Education of Young Children and the Fred Rogers Center for Early Learning and Children’s Media at Saint Vincent College. (2012a). Selected examples of effective classroom practice involving technology tools and interactive media. NAEYC. https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files/globally-shared/downloads/PDFs/resources/topics/PS_technology_Examples.pdf
National Association for the Education of Young Children and the Fred Rogers Center for Early Learning and Children’s Media at Saint Vincent College. (2012b). Technology and interactive media as tools in early childhood programs serving children from birth through age 8. NAEYC. https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files/globally-shared/downloads/PDFs/resources/topics/PS_technology_WEB.pdf
Keep in Mind. . .
Benefit: Interactive Learning Enhances Engagement
One significant benefit of using technology to support early literacy development is the ability of interactive media to engage children in ways traditional methods might not. Educational apps and e-books that include interactive elements such as games, animations, and read-aloud features can make learning to read more enjoyable and engaging for young children, thereby enhancing their motivation and interest in literacy activities (NAEYC & Fred Rogers Center, 2012a).
Caution: Potential for Reduced Face-to-Face Interaction
A key caution for families to keep in mind is the potential for excessive screen time to reduce face-to-face interactions, which are crucial for developing language and social skills. Overreliance on screens for entertainment and learning can limit opportunities for children to engage in conversations, play, and other activities that promote language development and social-emotional growth (Gellner, 2023).
Sources:
Gellner, C. (Host). (2023, November 12). Screen time and speech delays in toddlers [Audio podcast episode]. In Healthy Kids Zone. https://healthcare.utah.edu/the-scope/kids-zone/all/2023/11/screen-time-and-speech-delays-toddlers
National Association for the Education of Young Children and the Fred Rogers Center for Early Learning and Children’s Media at Saint Vincent College. (2012a). Selected examples of effective classroom practice involving technology tools and interactive media. NAEYC. https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files/globally-shared/downloads/PDFs/resources/topics/PS_technology_Examples.pdf
Guidelines By Age
Infants (0-12 months)
For infants, screen time is generally not recommended. The American Academy of Pediatrics suggests avoiding digital media for children under 18 months, except for video chatting, as infants benefit most from direct interactions with caregivers and their environment (NAEYC & Fred Rogers Center, 2012b).
Toddlers (1-2 years)
Toddlers can benefit from limited screen time when it's high-quality and educational content, ideally viewed together with a parent or caregiver. The recommended screen time is no more than one hour per day, and it should be interactive and promote learning rather than passive viewing (Chumari, n.d.).
Preschoolers (3-5 years)
Preschoolers can handle up to one hour of high-quality screen time per day. Educational apps, interactive e-books, and age-appropriate programs can support early literacy and numeracy skills. Co-viewing and discussing the content with a caregiver enhance the educational value and mitigate potential negative effects (Buckleitner, n.d.).
Kindergartners (5-6 years)
For kindergartners, screen time should be limited to one hour per day of high-quality content. Technology can be used to support classroom learning and early literacy development, but it should be balanced with plenty of physical activity and interactive play. Choosing apps and programs that are designed to be educational is crucial (White, 2023).
First/Second/Third Graders (6-8 years)
Children in first through third grade can have up to one to two hours of screen time per day, focusing on educational content that reinforces school learning. Devices and media should be used to complement traditional learning methods, such as reading physical books and hands-on activities. Encouraging a balanced approach helps ensure that technology serves as a beneficial tool rather than a distraction (NAEYC & Fred Rogers Center, 2012a).
Sources:
Buckleitner, W. (n.d.). Tips on tablets and apps for the early childhood classroom. NAEYC. https://www.naeyc.org/our-work/families/tips-tablets-and-apps-early-childhood-classroom
Chumari, A. (n.d.). Children and tech devices: What are the dangers? HealthXchange. https://www.healthxchange.sg/children/parenting-tips/children-tech-devices-dangers
National Association for the Education of Young Children and the Fred Rogers Center for Early Learning and Children’s Media at Saint Vincent College. (2012a). Selected examples of effective classroom practice involving technology tools and interactive media. NAEYC. https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files/globally-shared/downloads/PDFs/resources/topics/PS_technology_Examples.pdf
National Association for the Education of Young Children and the Fred Rogers Center for Early Learning and Children’s Media at Saint Vincent College. (2012b). Technology and interactive media as tools in early childhood programs serving children from birth through age 8. NAEYC. https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files/globally-shared/downloads/PDFs/resources/topics/PS_technology_WEB.pdf
White, P. (2023, February 14). Why should teachers use tech tools to sharpen literacy skills? eLearning Industry. https://elearningindustry.com/why-should-teachers-use-tech-tools-to-sharpen-literacy-skills
AGE-APPROPRIATE IDEAS FOR CHILDREN & FAMILIES
Video Chatting for Language Development
For infants and toddlers, video chatting with family members can be an excellent way to support language development. Interactive conversations through video calls allow children to engage in back-and-forth communication, which is crucial for developing early language skills. Caregivers should actively participate in these calls, prompting the child to respond and helping them to describe what they see and hear. This practice not only supports language development but also strengthens social bonds (NAEYC & Fred Rogers Center, 2012b).
Interactive Educational Apps
Using high-quality, interactive educational apps designed for toddlers can support early literacy skills. Apps that incorporate simple stories, songs, and games can introduce basic vocabulary and concepts in an engaging manner. Caregivers should select apps that promote active participation rather than passive watching, and they should co-play to guide the child’s learning and ensure understanding. This hands-on approach helps to reinforce learning through repetition and interaction (Buckleitner, n.d.-a).
E-Books with Read-Aloud Features
E-books with read-aloud features can be a valuable tool for preschoolers to develop early literacy skills. These digital books often include interactive elements that highlight words as they are read, helping children make connections between spoken and written language. Caregivers can enhance this experience by discussing the story, asking questions about the plot and characters, and encouraging children to predict what will happen next. This interaction helps to improve comprehension and vocabulary (NAEYC & Fred Rogers Center, 2012a).
Educational TV Programs
High-quality educational TV programs can support literacy development by introducing children to new vocabulary and concepts in an engaging way. Programs like "Sesame Street" or "Super Why!" are designed to teach early literacy skills through stories, songs, and interactive segments. Watching these programs with children and discussing the content can further enhance learning. Caregivers should limit screen time to ensure it is balanced with other activities and focus on programs that are specifically designed to be educational (Chumari, n.d.).
Interactive Storytelling Apps
Interactive storytelling apps can be highly effective for kindergartners in developing literacy skills. These apps allow children to create their own stories by selecting characters, settings, and plot elements, encouraging creativity and comprehension. Caregivers should participate in the storytelling process, prompting children to describe their choices and explain their stories. This activity not only fosters language development but also enhances critical thinking and narrative skills (White, 2023).
Digital Word Games
Digital word games that focus on phonics and word recognition can help kindergartners build foundational literacy skills. Games that involve matching letters to sounds, creating words from scrambled letters, or identifying words in a fun, game-like format can make learning to read enjoyable. Caregivers can support this by playing alongside the child, offering guidance, and celebrating successes to keep motivation high (NAEYC & Fred Rogers Center, 2012b).
E-Books with Comprehension Activities
For first through third graders, e-books that include comprehension activities can support deeper literacy skills. These digital books often come with quizzes, discussion questions, and interactive activities that reinforce understanding of the text. Caregivers can use these features to engage children in discussions about the book, helping them to think critically about what they read and make connections to their own experiences. This practice encourages active reading and improves comprehension (Linebarger, Guernsey, & Lewis, n.d.).
Educational Websites and Apps
Educational websites and apps designed for this age group can provide a wide range of literacy activities, from reading comprehension to creative writing. Websites like Reading Rockets offer interactive games, writing prompts, and reading challenges that are aligned with educational standards. Caregivers can guide children in selecting activities that match their interests and reading levels, providing support and encouragement as needed. This ensures that technology is used effectively to complement school learning and enhance literacy skills (White, 2023).
Buckleitner, W. (n.d.-a). Selecting apps to support children’s learning. NAEYC. https://www.naeyc.org/our-work/families/selecting-apps-support-children
Chumari, A. (n.d.). Children and tech devices: What are the dangers? HealthXchange. https://www.healthxchange.sg/children/parenting-tips/children-tech-devices-dangers
Linebarger, D., Guernsey, L., & Lewis, M. (n.d.). Educational media: Screen time and literacy [Multimedia]. Reading Rockets. https://www.readingrockets.org/helping-all-readers/voices-experts/webcasts/educational-media-screen-time-and-literacy?trans=yes#part1
National Association for the Education of Young Children and the Fred Rogers Center for Early Learning and Children’s Media at Saint Vincent College. (2012a). Selected examples of effective classroom practice involving technology tools and interactive media. NAEYC. https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files/globally-shared/downloads/PDFs/resources/topics/PS_technology_Examples.pdf
National Association for the Education of Young Children and the Fred Rogers Center for Early Learning and Children’s Media at Saint Vincent College. (2012b). Technology and interactive media as tools in early childhood programs serving children from birth through age 8. NAEYC. https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files/globally-shared/downloads/PDFs/resources/topics/PS_technology_WEB.pdf
White, P. (2023, February 14). Why should teachers use tech tools to sharpen literacy skills? eLearning Industry. https://elearningindustry.com/why-should-teachers-use-tech-tools-to-sharpen-literacy-skills
Great APPs for Young Children
Educational Value: Select apps that are designed with clear educational goals and promote learning outcomes, such as apps that teach phonics, vocabulary, and reading comprehension skills (Buckleitner, n.d.-a).
Interactivity: Choose apps that encourage active participation and engagement rather than passive consumption, ensuring that children are involved in the learning process through activities like puzzles and interactive stories (NAEYC & Fred Rogers Center, 2012a).
Age Appropriateness: Ensure the content and difficulty level of the app match the developmental stage of the child, providing appropriate challenges without causing frustration (NAEYC & Fred Rogers Center, 2012b).
Parental Involvement: Opt for apps that include features encouraging parental involvement, such as progress tracking and tips for extending learning activities beyond the screen (Buckleitner, n.d.-b).
1. Endless Alphabet
Ages: 3-5 years
Description: Endless Alphabet is an interactive app that teaches children new vocabulary through engaging word puzzles and animated monsters. Each word is introduced with a fun animation, and children then drag letters to spell the word, reinforcing letter recognition and phonics skills. This app is designed to make learning new words enjoyable and interactive (Buckleitner, n.d.-a).
2. Starfall Learn to Read
Ages: 4-7 years
Description: Starfall Learn to Read is an app that provides interactive books and activities focusing on phonics and early reading skills. It includes a variety of engaging exercises that help children sound out words, read along with stories, and practice reading comprehension. This app supports early literacy development by combining entertainment with foundational reading practice (NAEYC & Fred Rogers Center, 2012a).
3. ABCmouse.com Early Learning Academy
Ages: 2-8 years
Description: ABCmouse.com offers a comprehensive early learning app that covers various subjects, including early literacy. It features a progressive curriculum with interactive books, puzzles, games, and songs designed to teach children reading skills from letter recognition to reading fluency. The app adapts to the child's learning pace and provides a wide range of activities to keep them engaged and motivated (NAEYC & Fred Rogers Center, 2012b).
Sources:
Buckleitner, W. (n.d.-a). Selecting apps to support children’s learning. NAEYC. https://www.naeyc.org/our-work/families/selecting-apps-support-children
Buckleitner, W. (n.d.-b). Tips on tablets and apps for the early childhood classroom. NAEYC. https://www.naeyc.org/our-work/families/tips-tablets-and-apps-early-childhood-classroom
National Association for the Education of Young Children and the Fred Rogers Center for Early Learning and Children’s Media at Saint Vincent College. (2012a). Selected examples of effective classroom practice involving technology tools and interactive media. NAEYC. https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files/globally-shared/downloads/PDFs/resources/topics/PS_technology_Examples.pdf
National Association for the Education of Young Children and the Fred Rogers Center for Early Learning and Children’s Media at Saint Vincent College. (2012b). Technology and interactive media as tools in early childhood programs serving children from birth through age 8. NAEYC. https://www.naeyc.org/sites/default/files/globally-shared/downloads/PDFs/resources/topics/PS_technology_WEB.pdf