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Instructional design models are like blueprints for creating effective learning experiences. They provide a structured approach to planning and developing courses, training programs, or any kind of educational content. Think of them as frameworks that help you organize your ideas, consider different learning styles, and ensure your materials are engaging and effective.
ADDIE Model
ADDIE Model
The ADDIE model is a framework for designing and developing training and instructional programs. It stands for the five stages of the process; Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate
9 Events Of Instruction
9 Events Of Instruction
by Robert Gagne
by Robert Gagne
Gain attention: Obtain students’ attention so that they will watch and listen while the instructor presents the learning content.
Inform learners of objectives: Allow students to organize their thoughts and prioritize their attention regarding what they are about to learn and do.
Stimulate recall of prior learning: Encourage students to build on previous knowledge or skills.
Present the content: Show and explain the material you want students to learn.
Provide “learning guidance”: Provide students with instructions on how to learn, such as guided activities or common pitfalls. With learning guidance, the rate of learning increases because students are less likely to lose time or become frustrated by basing performance on incorrect facts or poorly understood concepts.
Elicit performance : Allow students to apply knowledge and skills learned.
Provide feedback: Give students feedback on individualized tasks, thereby correcting isolated problems rather than having little idea of where problems and inconsistencies in learning are occurring.
Assess performance: Help students identify content areas they have not mastered.
Enhance retention and transfer: Prepare students to apply information to personal contexts. This increases retention by personalizing information.
The Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes (SOLO) taxonomy is a model that describes how students' understanding of a subject develops in increasing levels of complexity:
Pre-structural. The student doesn't understand the point of the task and uses a simple approach.
Uni-structural. The student focuses on one relevant aspect of the task, but their understanding is limited and disconnected.
Multi-structural. The student focuses on multiple relevant aspects, but they don't see how they relate to each other.
Relational. The student integrates the different aspects into a coherent whole.
Extended abstract. The student re-thinks their understanding at a new conceptual level, and uses it to make predictions, generalizations, reflections, or create new understanding.
is made up of three systems and the Knowledge Domain, all of which are important for thinking and learning. The three systems are the Self-System, the Metacognitive System, and the Cognitive System.
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