For this project, six teachers at an elementary school in suburban Kansas City, Missouri were surveyed and interviewed. These teachers varied in years of teaching experience and pre-service programs they attended, however, all of them are currently teaching, or have recently taught, upper elementary grades.
Participants were emailed a link to the survey, and their responses were collected and analyzed.
Interviews were conducted via conversations about manipulative use and experience. Notes were taken to record statements teachers made regarding their experiences with manipulatives.