The following is a listing of enterprises, gangs, mafias, and criminal syndicates that are involved in organized crime. Tongs and outlaw motorcycle gangs, as well as terrorist, militant, and paramilitary groups, are mentioned if they are involved in criminal activity for funding. However, since their stated aim and genesis is often ideological rather than commercial, they are distinct from mafia-type groups.
Italian immigrants to the United States in the early 19th century brought with them the underground government many Americans refer to as "Cosa Nostra" (Our Thing) along with its traditions and formal induction rituals along with the concepts and precepts of Omerta, which espouses honorable and manly behavior at all times and under all conditions, taking care of your own problems and assisting your community, as well as non-cooperation with corrupt law enforcement and government officials. Many Italian-Americans around this same time also formed various small-time gangs which gradually evolved into sophisticated crime syndicates, but the nationwide organization known as "Cosa Nostra" has traditionally dominated organized crime in America for several decades. Although government crackdowns and a less-tightly knit Italian-American community have largely reduced its power, the American Mafia remains an active force in the underworld
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Although organized crime existed in the Soviet era, the gangs really gained in power and international reach during the transition to capitalism. The term Russian Mafia, 'mafiya' or mob is a blanket (and somewhat inaccurate) term for the various organized crime groups that emerged in this period from the 15 former republics of the USSR and unlike their Italian counterparts does not mean members are necessarily of Russian ethnicity or uphold any ancient criminal traditions, although this is the case for some members.
Prisons are a natural meeting place for criminals, and for the purposes of protection from other inmates and business prisoners join gangs. These gangs often develop a large influence outside the prison walls through their networks. Most prison gangs do more than offer simple protection for their members. Most often, prison gangs are responsible for any drug, tobacco or alcohol handling inside correctional facilities. Furthermore, many prison gangs involve themselves in prostitution, assaults, kidnappings and murders. Prison gangs often seek to intimidate the other inmates, pressuring them to relinquish their food and other resources. In addition, prison gangs often exercise a large degree of influence over organized crime in the "free world", larger than their isolation in prison might lead one to expect.
Youth gangs have often served as a recruiting ground for more organized crime syndicates, where juvenile delinquents grow up to be full-fledged mobsters, as well as providing muscle and other low-key work. Increasingly, especially in the United States and other western countries, street gangs are becoming much more organized in their own right with a hierarchical structure and are fulfilling the role previously taken by traditional organized crime.
Mexican academic Oswaldo Zavala, in his book Drug Cartels Do Not Exist argues that academics, officials, journalists and writers are mistaken to label the criminal gangs as cartels, noting that they do not meet the definition due to the competitive nature of the drugs trade, and the lack of hierarchal structure. He states that the Mexican state perpetuates the label to justify their militarised response.[23]
Italian immigrants to the United States in the early 19th century formed various small-time gangs which gradually evolved into sophisticated crime syndicates which dominated organized crime in America for several decades. Although government crackdowns and a less-tightly knit Italian-American community have largely reduced their power, they remain an active force in the underworld.
The yakuza of Japan are similar to the Italian mafias in that they originated centuries ago and follow a rigid set of traditions, but have several aspects that make them unique, such as their full-body tattoos and their fairly open place in Japanese society. Many yakuza groups are umbrella organizations, smaller gangs reporting to a larger crime syndicate.
The Triads is a popular name for a number of Chinese criminal secret societies, which have existed in various forms over the centuries (see for example Tiandihui). However, not all Chinese gangs fall into line with these traditional groups, as many non-traditional criminal organizations have formed, both in China and the Chinese diaspora.
While not directed at tourists, shootings between rival gangs have injured innocent bystanders. Additionally, U.S. citizens have been the victims of both non-violent and violent crimes in tourist and non-tourist areas.
Script error: No such module "Unsubst".Fictional gangs, of varying types (Crime syndicates, Crime families, Drug cartels, Motorcycle gangs, Paramilitary organizations, Prison gangs and Street gangs) appear commonly in comics, films, literature, television series, and video games. This is an alphabetical list of them.
After Nippon Safes Inc. and the changes in organisation, Dynabyte tried to further enlarge its portfolio by working on two drastically different experiences. The first was a one-on-one fighting title, Tube Warriors, exclusively developed for AGA Amigas. It was, again, based in Japan, with all fights taking place in the underground (as the title might suggest): the player must defeat all the leaders of the other rival gangs so as to take over their territory.
Transnational criminal groups and local gangs regularly engage in violent criminal acts in these areas, including indiscriminate attacks without warning in public spaces. Violent crimes have included murder, targeted assassinations, armed robberies, bombings, kidnappings, and assaults, among others. Violence in these areas has steadily increased in frequency and brutality in recent months, posing an increased security risk to U.S. citizens. U.S. government personnel are prohibited from traveling to these areas without prior authorization. As a result, the U.S. government is limited in its ability to provide emergency services to U.S. citizens in these areas.
Transnational criminal groups and local gangs have sporadically engaged in violent criminal activity in these areas, with violence increasing in recent months. U.S. government personnel are directed to exercise extreme caution and maintain increased vigilance when traveling in and around these areas.
For good or bad, cartel is now the most common name to describe these organized crime networks in Mexico. When people hear cartel in reference to criminals, they get a sense of what is being discussed. They think of powerful and violent gangsters - not price fixing. (As I go into below, words evolve and cartel has a varied history).
A key factor is that while the term cartel was imposed by U.S. agents and journalists in the past, gangsters now use it themselves. The photo at the top shows gunmen with a CJNG sign, standing for the Jalisco New Generation Cartel. Gangsters (especially in the Gulf Cartel) even have uniforms and badges with the word.
As outlined, however, economic cartels do not just fix prices but carry out other monopolistic practices. Gangsters act more like territorial cartels. But this is a bit beside the point. Words evolve in meaning, including terms such as audition, commodity, minority and most famously gay, and cartel itself had other meanings over time. Today, cartel is used more to talk about gangsters and traffickers than about monopolists.
On an extreme end, you could argue that gangsters are all simply state employees. But if that were so, why would you have cases like the Culiacanazo where hundreds of Sinaloa Cartel gunmen confronted the Mexican army? Or how come cartels are able to force city mayors to hand over chunks of their budgets?
I sympathize with some of these critiques, many by friends who do great work. Elements of the Mexican state are deeply corrupt and criminal (and I don\u2019t think anyone seriously argues otherwise). U.S. law enforcement also has rotten agents, and the CIA has been proven to have worked with drug traffickers. U.S. prosecutors have historically imposed cartel names on gangsters to make cases. And the idea of U.S. jets bombing cartels would be disastrous and not even stop fentanyl trafficking.
Other terms are also used such as gangs, mafias, organized crime groups, or acronyms such as OCG\u2019s and TCO\u2019s, which are useful. But those words have issues too. Gang can be a group of criminals, but also a group of friends, and evokes youths on the corner rather than militias. \u201CCriminal organization\u201D implies a mob with a clear structure whereas cartel can evoke a collection of gangsters coming together. 589ccfa754
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