Reference Site: Computer Fundamentals
Lecture: Introduction to Computers
Lecture: PC Architecture & Assembly
Lecture: Email & Etiquette
Lecture: Web Browser
Lecture: Website, Domain & Hosting
Lecture: Fundamentals of Printers
Lecture: Computer Networking Fundamentals
Lecture: Prompt Engineering
Lecture: Microsoft Office
Lecture: Microsoft PowerPoint
Lecture: Microsoft Excel
Lecture: Google Services
Lecture: Workspace Basics (Docs, Sheets, Slides, Forms, Drive)
Lecture: Communication & Research (Gmail, Meet, Scholar, Search tricks)
Lecture: Creative & Extra Tools (Drawings, Sites, Translate, Maps)
Lecture: Surface web vs Deep web vs Dark web
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Topic Base
ASCII TABLE
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) represents characters as numbers.
Example: A = 65, B = 66, a = 97, 0 = 48.
You can view it online by searching “ASCII Table” or using Alt + number (e.g., Alt+65 = A).
Create a bootable USB using Rufus.
Plug in and restart your PC → press F12/F9 to open boot menu.
Select USB device.
Choose Custom Installation → delete old partitions or select a drive.
Follow the setup steps until Windows installation completes.
Install first OS (e.g., Windows).
Create another partition.
Boot with second OS setup (e.g., Ubuntu).
Select “Install alongside Windows.”
Choose OS during startup from boot menu.
Press Win + X → Disk Management.
Right-click a drive → choose Shrink or Extend Volume.
You can create, delete, format, or change drive letters.
This setting automatically starts PC when power is connected.
Enter BIOS (F2/Del key) → go to Power Management → enable AC Power Recovery / Power On AC.
Path:
C:\Users\[username]\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup
Place any program shortcut here → it will start automatically when Windows boots.
Press Win + P to choose display mode:
PC screen only
Duplicate
Extend
Second screen only
Useful for connecting projectors or dual monitors.
Open the file → choose Print → Microsoft Print to PDF or use tools like iLovePDF or SmallPDF.
For images, open in Paint or Word and use Save As → JPG/PNG.
Browser Extension for Chrome, Edge, or Firefox.
Checks grammar, spelling, and punctuation in real time.
Also available as MS Word or desktop app.
Shortcut: Ctrl + Shift + Esc
Shows running apps, CPU/RAM usage, and background processes.
Can end tasks, check startup impact, and monitor performance.
Open via Win + R → control.
Key sections:
System and Security – Windows updates, backups.
Network and Internet – Wi-Fi, sharing.
Hardware and Sound – Mouse, sound, printers.
User Accounts – Passwords, privileges.
Scroll pages up/down.
Ctrl + Scroll – Zoom in/out.
Shift + Scroll – Scroll horizontally (in browsers).
Middle-click closes browser tabs.
Click the small bar at the bottom-right corner of the taskbar.
Shortcut: Win + D to minimize or restore all windows.
Copy multiple items using Win + V (Clipboard History).
ClipX is an external clipboard manager for advanced history and paste options.
Press Ctrl + F to find any word or phrase in documents, web pages, or PDFs.
Helps quickly locate information.
Double-click: selects one word.
Triple-click: selects entire sentence or paragraph (depends on app).
Press PrtSc to copy the full screen to the clipboard.
Alt + PrtSc captures the active window.
Win + Shift + S opens Snip & Sketch for custom capture.
Empty regularly to free up space.
Right-click Recycle Bin → Properties → set size limit or “Don’t move files to Recycle Bin.”
Built-in: mstsc (Remote Desktop Connection).
Enter IP or PC name to access another computer.
Alternatives: AnyDesk, TeamViewer, Chrome Remote Desktop.
In File Explorer, press Alt + P to open the preview pane.
Lets you view file contents (image, text, doc) without opening.
Sandbox: Run untrusted programs safely.
Go to Turn Windows features on or off → enable Windows Sandbox.
Launch “Windows Sandbox” → it opens a temporary Windows environment.
VMware: Software for creating virtual machines (run another OS).
Hold the Power Button for 5 seconds.
Or press Ctrl + Alt + Del → Power → Restart/Shutdown.
Use only if the system freezes.
Use BitLocker (Pro Edition):
Right-click drive → Turn on BitLocker.
Set a password and recovery key.
For Home Edition, use third-party tools like VeraCrypt.
Right-click folder → Properties → Sharing → Advanced Sharing.
Enable “Share this folder.”
Add specific users or “Everyone.”
Access from another PC: \\ComputerName\SharedFolderName.
ZIP / RAR / 7z – Compress or extract files.
Surface Web: Normal websites (Google, YouTube).
Deep Web: Private databases, academic, or internal content not indexed by Google.
Dark Web: Hidden sites (access via Tor Browser).
Use only for legal research or security learning.
Drive: Upload files → access from anywhere.
Contacts: Sync phone contacts with your Google account.
Photos: Automatically back up images/videos online.
Access all at drive.google.com, contacts.google.com, photos.google.com.