Predictive operation of multi-modal energy systems

 We study the dispatching of multi-modal energy systems (MMES) from a sequential market perspective based on hierarchical Model Predictive Control (MPC). In a sequential setting, an upper level determines the purchased electrical power from the day-ahead market, followed by a lower-level MPC responsible for the dispatching of the multi-energy system according to the continuous trading. In particular, we study hierarchical MPC schemes that  can be embedded within the European market and German market area to provide a judicious dispatching of the MMES, also under imperfect uncertainty forecast.