In recent decades, numerous countries have revised their public mental health care policies by creating community mental health centers. This paper studies the consequences of such establishments on the labor market. Using the introduction of community mental health centers in small Brazilian municipalities, I find that people residing in a small municipality where a community mental health center is established experience a higher likelihood of work; more specifically, they join the informal sector and leave the formal sector.

This paper studies the farm's characteristics influencing the Wisconsin dairy farmers' market exit. Using the initial conditions provided to the 2003 Dairy Farm Survey and the 2016 licensed milk producers list, we find that farms with older farmers, smaller capacity, less milk productivity, and less dairy dependence are more willing to exit the market. Meanwhile, we find these exit determinants, except for the farmer's age, are not good predictors for planning to exit. The evidence suggests that the dairy farm exit is hard to predict from the expected exit, and farm exit seems driven by outside factors rather than individual characteristics.

Education funds in Brazil comprise local revenue and intergovernmental transfers. This study analyzes the importance of budget structure on government spending in education by estimating the effects of two characteristics of the fiscal arrangement: (i) a minimum spending rule, and (ii) a set of intergovernmental transfers. The minimum spending rule has increased educational spending only for municipalities that were below the minimum; for those above the minimum, we find a negative effect of the rule. Whereas our results indicate that the minimum rule has increased investments in low-spending municipalities, it has not affected spending in personnel for high-spending ones. We then analyze whether the sources of funds matter to government spending by estimating the flypaper effect of intergovernmental transfers using an instrumental variable method. We find a significant flypaper effect for redistribution transfers. Interestingly, we do not find flypaper effect for other types of intergovernmental transfers.