Social and Cultural Changes in Selau, Northern Bougainville, Papua New Guinea: Embedding Market Economy in Indigenous Sociality
摘要：Since the end of the 19th century, one of the most important historical phenomena related to social and cultural changes among the indigenous people of Selau Peninsula (Bougainville, Papua New Guinea) may well have been their integration into a market economy. Nowadays, daily life mainly revolves around commercial practices or work for a wage. Though, indigenous social life cannot be reduced to these economic endeavors, and this triggers some historical and anthropological questions.
How have Selau indigenous people been involved in international trade networks since the end of 19th century? What were the effects of this historical phenomena on their social organization and culture? What kind of commercial practices have they developed? How have these practices been articulated to other aspects of social life or to a Selau sociality? What kind of market economy exists today in Selau?
My talk will develop these questions by precising the theoretical and empirical problems that I try to raise in my PhD dissertation in anthropology. Answers will only be hinted at since it is still a work in progress. However, the followed method and the main steps of the dissertation will be presented.
關鍵字：Bougainville、Selau、moral economy、cultural change
原生能源的原民性爭辯：菲律賓水力開發論述的轉譯與演變
摘要：近年來，菲律賓推動水壩建設的主要議題，已從緩解電力危機轉向以應對氣候變遷為目標的再生能源發展策略。雖然再生能源在全球氣候變遷的背景下被視為永續解決方案的一環，水力發電卻因其歷史污點，難以被視為完全中立的技術選項。本研究以歷史視角探討菲律賓水力發電相關論述的轉譯與演變，並揭示原住民族與非原住民族在水力開發過程中的複雜關係。特別是自一九六〇年代以來，美國灌溉局和美國國際開發署透過技術援助，向第三世界國家引入河川流域發展計畫的概念，導致這類水力開發的討論常以地緣政治為視角，強調其作為對抗全球共產主義擴張的工具。然而，這類論述不僅忽視了菲律賓當局在全球化進程中的策略性考量與具體行動，也低估了原民性的爭辯在此過程中的重要性，尤其是如何通過界定原住民族與主流社會的關係，合理化政府針對原住民族的政策與資源分配。本次演講將聚焦於菲律賓「山地省發展管理局」（Mountain Province Development Authority, 1964-1973）的設立過程，探討地緣政治、水力開發與原民性之間的相互作用，並解析這些力量如何形塑原住民族在社會關係中的地位與角色。
關鍵字：菲律賓、再生能源、水力開發、原民性、山地省發展管理局
什麼是「祖傳」？蘇門答臘高地的水田與火田
摘要：印尼蘇門答臘的Kerinci人在母系氏族共同持有的水田裡種植稻米，其日常生活有相當「傳統」的一面，但位於森林地帶、盛產經濟作物的農林火田，其實早已將這個高地社會捲入跨洋商品市場兩百年之久。在這場演講裡，我將分享我對水田與火田這兩種地景的初步田野觀察，包括它們之間的區隔、互補、以及性別在其中扮演的角色。這將牽涉到pusako/sko（或可譯為祖傳）這個有點複雜的財產概念，而pusako又有高低輕重之分。我也會觸及家屋與土地、資本與經濟作物、具有靈力之物，這幾個比較南島研究中的重要主題。
關鍵字：稻田、農林、地景、繼嗣、人觀