李國偉 資深研究員(退休) | 中央研究院數學研究所

Q:誰有權力宣布一年365日裡哪一日是「數學日」?

A:聯合國教科文組織(UNESCO)。

Q:誰向 UNESCO 提議要訂定「國際數學日」?

A:國際數學聯盟(International Mathematical Union,簡稱IMU)。

Q:IMU 是怎樣的組織?

A:IMU是隸屬於國際科學理事會(International Council for Science,簡稱 ICSU)的數學學術團體,聯盟成員包括80餘會員國及專業學會。

 

Q:IMU 的主要活動為何?

A:每四年舉辦一次國際數學家大會(International Congress of Mathematicians,簡稱 ICM),開幕式上會頒發號稱數學界的諾貝爾獎-菲爾茲獎(Fields Medal)與其他重要學術獎項。

 

Q:ICSU 又是什麼組織?

A:ICSU 前身為International Council of Scientific Unions,本是各種國際性科學團體的結合。2011年至2014年中研院李遠哲前院長曾擔任過 ICSU 的主席。2018年7月 ICSU 與 International Social Science Council合併成為International Science Council,中文名稱仍為國際科學理事會,中研院廖俊智院長目前是該會常務理事之一。

 

Q:IMU 如何選定「國際數學日」(簡稱 IDM )?

A:2017年4月7日 IMU 秘書長 Helge Holden 發函各會員團體,徵詢是否支持設定「國際數學日」;如果贊成的話,建議挑選哪一天為「國際數學日」。2018年10月5日秘書長通告決議每年3月14日為「國際數學日」,並建請 UNESCO 通告從 2020 年正式確立。

 

Q:UNESCO 還有設定其他學科的國際日嗎?

A:UNESCO 雖然設有這個日、那個日,可是以學科為主題的較為罕見。比較類似的有:

國際教育日(1/24)

國際氣象日(3/23)

世界統計日(每五年一次,10/20)

世界哲學日(11月的第三個星期四)

 

關於國際數學日的 Q & A 

Q:IMU 舉辦 IDM 的目標為何?

A:原文如下,請參考:

The major goals of an International Day of Mathematics, with expected benefits for students, for teachers, for women and girls and for society at large are to:

1. Improve understanding among the general public, decision makers and in schools, of the importance of mathematics in education;

2. Contribute to capacity building in mathematical and scientific education, with special focus on girls and children from developing countries;

3. Achieve gender equality and empower women and girls in mathematics;

4. Improve understanding among the general public, with decision makers and in schools of the importance of mathematics as a tool for developments which lead to more prosperous economy circumstances;

5. Emphasize the importance of basic research in mathematical sciences as the seed to breakthroughs in technology and the management of society;

6. Highlight the role of mathematics in the organization of modern society, including economic, financial, health and transport systems, telecommunications in the quest for human well-being, etc.;

7. Raise awareness of the role of mathematics in fighting disasters, epidemics, emerging diseases, invasive species;

8. Highlight the role of mathematics in moving to a circular economy of sustainability compatible with preservation of biodiversity;

9. Equip the general public and young people with tools for understanding the planetary challenges and the capacity to respond as knowledgeable citizens;

10. Increase international networking and collaborations in public awareness of mathematics;

11. Increase the access to information, providing a simple way to give citizens a choice in all aspects of their daily life.