*All images are designed by Taewon Jeong.
Regardless of the specific ISAC use case, an initial target search and repeated sensing over the area of interest are essential. To support this requirement, sequential beam sweeping or multi-beam sweeping can serve as practical solutions.
Unlike simulations, beamforming performance in practical antenna systems can be affected by various factors such as cable losses, hardware non-idealities, and mutual coupling. These imperfections can distort the intended beam pattern and lead to high sidelobe levels, which may degrade sensing performance. Therefore, beam pattern optimization for sidelobe suppression, along with appropriate calibration methods is necessary.
To be added
To be added