is an internationally recognized academic and teacher trainer in the field of English Language Teaching (ELT). Thornbury is also the series editor for the Cambridge Handbooks for Language Teachers,[5] and the author of many academic papers on language teaching. His 'A-Z of ELT' blog[6] is one of the most influential and well-visited blogs in the field of ELT.
He is a popular ELT author, practitioner and trainer. He has trained teachers and offered seminars all over the world. A writer of both course material and methodology, he is the author of methodology titles including How to Teach English, The Practice of English Language Teaching and How To Teach Writing. He also writes Graded Readers.
was a Soviet psychologist, best known for his work on psychological development in children and creating the framework known as cultural-historical activity theory. The Zone of Proximal Development: Vygotsky introduced the concept of the ZPD which refers to the gap between a child's current level of development and the level they are capable of reaching with tools provided by others with more knowledge.
Piaget’s (1936, 1950) theory of cognitive development explains how a child constructs a mental model of the world. He disagreed with the idea that intelligence was a fixed trait, and regarded cognitive development as a process which occurs due to biological maturation and interaction with the environment.