Injustice Watch is the only newsroom in Cook County dedicated to reporting on the court system. Our goal is one of public service: to listen to and center people affected by institutional injustices and provide our community with the information and resources needed to hold power to account.
But more basically, I am in Birmingham because injustice is here. Just as the prophetsof theeighth century B.C. left their villages and carried their "thus saith the Lord" far beyondthe boundariesof their home towns, and just as the Apostle Paul left his village of Tarsus and carriedthe gospel ofJesus Christ to the far corners of the Greco Roman world, so am I compelled to carry thegospel offreedom beyond my own home town. Like Paul, I must constantly respond to the Macedoniancall foraid.
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In any nonviolent campaign there are four basic steps: collection of the facts todeterminewhether injustices exist; negotiation; self purification; and direct action. We have gonethrough allthese steps in Birmingham. There can be no gainsaying the fact that racial injusticeengulfs thiscommunity. Birmingham is probably the most thoroughly segregated city in the UnitedStates. Its uglyrecord of brutality is widely known. Negroes have experienced grossly unjust treatment inthe courts.There have been more unsolved bombings of Negro homes and churches in Birmingham than inanyother city in the nation. These are the hard, brutal facts of the case. On the basis ofthese conditions,Negro leaders sought to negotiate with the city fathers. But the latter consistentlyrefused to engagein good faith negotiation.
I hope you are able to see the distinction I am trying to point out. In no sense do Iadvocateevading or defying the law, as would the rabid segregationist. That would lead to anarchy.One whobreaks an unjust law must do so openly, lovingly, and with a willingness to accept thepenalty. Isubmit that an individual who breaks a law that conscience tells him is unjust, and whowillinglyaccepts the penalty of imprisonment in order to arouse the conscience of the communityover itsinjustice, is in reality expressing the highest respect for law.
I had hoped that the white moderate would understand that law and order exist for thepurpose of establishing justice and that when they fail in this purpose they become thedangerouslystructured dams that block the flow of social progress. I had hoped that the whitemoderate wouldunderstand that the present tension in the South is a necessary phase of the transitionfrom anobnoxious negative peace, in which the Negro passively accepted his unjust plight, to asubstantiveand positive peace, in which all men will respect the dignity and worth of humanpersonality. Actually,we who engage in nonviolent direct action are not the creators of tension. We merely bringto thesurface the hidden tension that is already alive. We bring it out in the open, where itcan be seen anddealt with. Like a boil that can never be cured so long as it is covered up but must beopened with allits ugliness to the natural medicines of air and light, injustice must be exposed, withall the tension itsexposure creates, to the light of human conscience and the air of national opinion beforeit can becured.
In your statement you assert that our actions, even though peaceful, must be condemnedbecause they precipitate violence. But is this a logical assertion? Isn't this likecondemning a robbedman because his possession of money precipitated the evil act of robbery? Isn't this likecondemningSocrates because his unswerving commitment to truth and his philosophical inquiriesprecipitated theact by the misguided populace in which they made him drink hemlock? Isn't this likecondemningJesus because his unique God consciousness and never ceasing devotion to God's willprecipitatedthe evil act of crucifixion? We must come to see that, as the federal courts haveconsistently affirmed,it is wrong to urge an individual to cease his efforts to gain his basic constitutionalrights because thequest may precipitate violence. Society must protect the robbed and punish the robber.I had also hoped that the white moderate would reject the myth concerning time in relationtothe struggle for freedom. I have just received a letter from a white brother in Texas. Hewrites: "AllChristians know that the colored people will receive equal rights eventually, but it ispossible that youare in too great a religious hurry. It has taken Christianity almost two thousand years toaccomplishwhat it has. The teachings of Christ take time to come to earth." Such an attitude stemsfrom a tragicmisconception of time, from the strangely irrational notion that there is something in thevery flow oftime that will inevitably cure all ills. Actually, time itself is neutral; it can be usedeither destructively orconstructively. More and more I feel that the people of ill will have used time much moreeffectivelythan have the people of good will. We will have to repent in this generation not merelyfor the hatefulwords and actions of the bad people but for the appalling silence of the good people.Humanprogress never rolls in on wheels of inevitability; it comes through the tireless effortsof men willing tobe co workers with God, and without this hard work, time itself becomes an ally of theforces of socialstagnation. We must use time creatively, in the knowledge that the time is always ripe todo right.Now is the time to make real the promise of democracy and transform our pending nationalelegy intoa creative psalm of brotherhood. Now is the time to lift our national policy from thequicksand of racialinjustice to the solid rock of human dignity.
Oppressed people cannot remain oppressed forever. The yearning for freedom eventuallymanifests itself, and that is what has happened to the American Negro. Something withinhasreminded him of his birthright of freedom, and something without has reminded him that itcan begained. Consciously or unconsciously, he has been caught up by the Zeitgeist, and with hisblackbrothers of Africa and his brown and yellow brothers of Asia, South America and theCaribbean, theUnited States Negro is moving with a sense of great urgency toward the promised land ofracialjustice. If one recognizes this vital urge that has engulfed the Negro community, oneshould readilyunderstand why public demonstrations are taking place. The Negro has many pent upresentmentsand latent frustrations, and he must release them. So let him march; let him make prayerpilgrimagesto the city hall; let him go on freedom rides -and try to understand why he must do so. Ifhis repressedemotions are not released in nonviolent ways, they will seek expression through violence;this is not athreat but a fact of history. So I have not said to my people: "Get rid of yourdiscontent." Rather, I havetried to say that this normal and healthy discontent can be channeled into the creativeoutlet ofnonviolent direct action. And now this approach is being termed extremist.But though I was initially disappointed at being categorized as an extremist, as Icontinued tothink about the matter I gradually gained a measure of satisfaction from the label. Wasnot Jesus anextremist for love: "Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them thathate you, andpray for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you." Was not Amos an extremistfor justice:"Let justice roll down like waters and righteousness like an ever flowing stream." Was notPaul anextremist for the Christian gospel: "I bear in my body the marks of the Lord Jesus." Wasnot MartinLuther an extremist: "Here I stand; I cannot do otherwise, so help me God." And JohnBunyan: "I willstay in jail to the end of my days before I make a butchery of my conscience." And AbrahamLincoln:"This nation cannot survive half slave and half free." And Thomas Jefferson: "We holdthese truths tobe self evident, that all men are created equal . . ." So the question is not whether wewill beextremists, but what kind of extremists we will be. Will we be extremists for hate or forlove? Will we beextremists for the preservation of injustice or for the extension of justice? In thatdramatic scene onCalvary's hill three men were crucified. We must never forget that all three werecrucified for the samecrime--the crime of extremism. Two were extremists for immorality, and thus fell belowtheirenvironment. The other, Jesus Christ, was an extremist for love, truth and goodness, andthereby roseabove his environment. Perhaps the South, the nation and the world are in dire need ofcreativeextremists.
I had hoped that the white moderate would see this need. Perhaps I was too optimistic;perhaps I expected too much. I suppose I should have realized that few members of theoppressorrace can understand the deep groans and passionate yearnings of the oppressed race, andstill fewerhave the vision to see that injustice must be rooted out by strong, persistent anddetermined action. Iam thankful, however, that some of our white brothers in the South have grasped themeaning of thissocial revolution and committed themselves to it. They are still all too few in quantity,but they are bigin quality. Some -such as Ralph McGill, Lillian Smith, Harry Golden, James McBride Dabbs,Ann Bradenand Sarah Patton Boyle--have written about our struggle in eloquent and prophetic terms.Othershave marched with us down nameless streets of the South. They have languished in filthy,roachinfested jails, suffering the abuse and brutality of policemen who view them as "dirtynigger-lovers."Unlike so many of their moderate brothers and sisters, they have recognized the urgency ofthemoment and sensed the need for powerful "action" antidotes to combat the disease ofsegregation.Let me take note of my other major disappointment. I have been so greatly disappointedwiththe white church and its leadership. Of course, there are some notable exceptions. I amnot unmindfulof the fact that each of you has taken some significant stands on this issue. I commendyou, ReverendStallings, for your Christian stand on this past Sunday, in welcoming Negroes to yourworship serviceon a nonsegregated basis. I commend the Catholic leaders of this state for integratingSpring HillCollege several years ago. 589ccfa754
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