Horak, S., Al-Twal, A., Alsarhan, F., & Darwish, T., 2025.
The Virtues and Vices of Employee Engagement and its Drivers in an Informal Network Context: A Cultural Approach.
Journal of Business Ethics, forthcoming. 

» DOI: 10.1007/s10551-025-06098-3 

» Link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-025-06098-3 


Horak, S., Kakabadse, N., & Clegg, S., 2025. 

Navigating Ethical Tensions in Social Enterprises: A Business Ethics As Practice Perspective.

European Management Review, forthcoming. 

» DOI: 10.1111/emre.70024

» Link: https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.70024


Farndale, E., Paauwe, J., Boselie, P. & Horak, S., 2025.

Corporate Scandals as Punctuating Events That Change Human Resource Roles.

Journal of Management, inpress.
» DOI: 10.1177/01492063231226137

» Link: https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063231226137

Horak, S., Jiang, C., & Festing, M., 2025.

Informal, Formal or Hybrid – How Expatriates in European MNC Subsidiaries in South Korea Manage Hierarchy to Enhance Organizational Agility.

International Journal of Manpower, forthcoming.

» DOI: 10.1108/IJM-03-2024-0155

» Link: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-03-2024-0155

Farndale, E., Horak, S., Piyanontalee, R., Puffer, S. M., & Vidović, M., 2025.

Looking back to look forward: disruption, innovation and future trends in International Human Resource Management.

International Business Review, forthcoming.

» DOI: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2024.102362

» Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2024.102362

Freiberg, T., Horak, S., & Bonchev, B., 2024.

Sustainable Talent Acquisition: Five Best Practices for Referral-based Hiring.

Mercer White Papers, Mercer, New York.

» DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.36153.58726

» Link

Alsarhan, F., Horak, S., & Darwish, T. K., 2024.

Relational Gatekeeper Behaviour of HR Managers in the Middle East: The Role of Informal Networks.

International Journal of Human Resource Management, 35(16), 2635-2673.

» DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2024.2359517

» Link: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2024.2359517

Horak, S., Klein, A., Ahlstrom, D., & Li, X., 2024.

Resilience or Decline of Informal Networks? Examining the Role of Trust Context in Network Societies.

International Business Review, forthcoming.

» DOI: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2024.102301

» Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2024.102301

Horak, S.; Freiberg, T.; Bonchev, B.; Eger, M., 2024.

Strategic AI Adoption in Talent Acquisition Today: Overcoming Barriers and Unveiling Future Possibilities.

Mercer White Papers, Mercer, New York.

» DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.13923.77608

» Link

Horak, S., 2024.

Informal Networks.

In C. Asmussen, N. Hashai, & D. Minbaeva (Eds.), Encyclopedia of International Strategic Management (pp. 166-167). Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK.

   » DOI: 10.4337/9781800884045.ch45

   » Link:https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800884045.ch45

   » Preprint

van Bakel, M. & Horak, S., 2024.

Social Capital Theory.

In Hutchings, K., Michailova, S., & Wilkinson, A. A Guide to Key Theories for Human Resource Management Research (pp. 261-267), Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

» DOI: 10.4337/9781035308767.ch33

» Link: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781035308767.ch33

Horak, S.; Abosag, I.; Hutchings, K.; Alsarhan, F.; Ali, S.; Al-Twal, A.; Weir, D.; ALHussan, F.B., & AL-Husan, F.B., 2023.

Questioning the Appropriateness of Examining Guanxi in a Wasta Environment: Why Context Should be Front and Center in Informal Network Research.

Management and Organization Review, 19(5), 1040–1045.

» DOI: 10.1017/mor.2023.26

» Link: https://doi.org/10.1017/mor.2023.26 

Horak, S. & Suseno, Y., 2023.

Informal Networks, Informal Institutions, and Social Exclusion in the Workplace: Insights from Subsidiaries of Multinational Corporations in Korea.

Journal of Business Ethics, 186(3), 633-655.

» DOI: 10.1007/s10551-022-05244-5

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-022-05244-5 

» Manuscript (open access)

Minbaeva, D.; Ledeneva, A.; Muratbekova-Touron, M., & Horak, S. (2023).

Explaining the persistence of informal institutions: The role of informal networks.

Academy of Management Review, 48(3), 556-574.
» DOI: 10.5465/amr.2020.0224

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.2020.0224 

Horak, S. & Paik, Y., 2023.

Informal Network Context: Deepening the Knowledge and Extending the Boundaries of Social Network Research in International Human Resource Management.

The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 34(12), 2367-2403.

» DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2022.2090268

» Link: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2022.2090268

Jakobsen, M.; Worm, V, & Horak, S., 2023.

Compassion in the International Business Studies – Prospects for Future Research

critical perspectives on international business, forthcoming

» DOI: 10.1108/cpoib-01-2021-0012

» Link: https://doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-01-2021-0012

Horak, S. & Bader, V. 2023.

Persistence and strengths of informal networks - Clientelism in the post-Soviet Union.

European Journal of International Management, 19(2), 265-294.

» DOI: 10.1504/EJIM.2020.10021180

» Link: https://doi.org/10.1504/EJIM.2020.10021180

Arya, B.; Horak, S.; Bacouël-Jentjens, S. & Ismail, K., 2023.

Leading Entrepreneurial Sustainability Initiatives in Emerging Economies.

International Journal of Emerging Markets, 18(1), 64-85.

» DOI: 10.1108/IJOEM-08-2020-0951

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-08-2020-0951

Stefanidis, A.; Casselman, M. & Horak, S., 2022.

Twenty-five Years of Management Research on Poverty: A Systematic Review of the Literature and a Research Agenda. 

Business Ethics, the Environment and Responsibility, forthcoming.

» DOI: 10.1111/beer.12503

» Link: https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12503

Klein, A.; Horak, S.; Ahlf, H. & Nihalani, K., 2022.

Influence of Informal Institutions on Commitment to Customer Service in Confucian Asia.

Management Decision, forthcoming.

» DOI: 10.1108/MD-10-2021-1286

» Link: https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-10-2021-1286

Heinrich, T.; Arya, B.; Haering, A., & Horak, S., 2022.

Costly information acquisition: The influence of stakeholder earnings.

Journal of Economic Psychology, in press.

» DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2022.102504

» Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2022.102504

Lee, J.; Paik, Y.; Horak, S., & Yang, I., 2022.

Turning a liability into an asset of foreignness: Managing informal networks in Korea.

Business Horizons, 65(3), 351-364.

» DOI: 10.1016/j.bushor.2021.04.002

» Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2021.04.002

Horak, S.; Klein, A.; Li, X. (2022).

Can general and particularistic types of trust mix? Advancing the trust (dis-)continuity debate in a Chinese context.

International Journal of Emerging Markets, 17(5), 1273-1291.

» DOI: 10.1108/IJOEM-07-2020-0745

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-07-2020-0745 

Horak, S.; Afiouni, F.; Bian, Y.; Ledeneva, A.; Muratbekova-Touron, M., Fey, C., 2020.

Informal Networks: Dark Sides, Bright Sides, and Unexplored Dimensions.

Management and Organization Review, 16(3), 511-542.

» DOI: 10.1017/mor.2020.28  

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mor.2020.28

Yang, I.; Horak, S. & Kakabadse, N.K., 2021.

An Integrative Ethical Approach to Leader Favoritism.

Business Ethics: A European Review, 30(1), 90-101.

» DOI: 10.1111/beer.12309

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/beer.12309

Yang, I.; Horak, S. & Chi, S.-C., 2021.

Leader humor effectiveness – The divergent dynamics of leader humor over time in East Asia and North America.

Thunderbird International Business Review, 63(3), 383-395.

» DOI: 10.1002/tie.22180

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tie.22180

Farndale, E.; Horak, S.; Phillips, J. & Beamond, M., 2019.

Facing complexity, crisis and risk: Opportunities and challenges in International Human Resource Management.

Thunderbird International Business Review, 61(3), 465-470.

» DOI: 10.1002/tie.22037

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tie.22037

Horak, S., 2018.

From Cross-Cultural Economic Experiments to Experimental Indigenous Management Research.

Management and Organization Review, 14(4), 651-691.

» DOI: 10.1017/mor.2018.39

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mor.2018.39

Ahlf, H.; Horak, S.; Klein, A. & Yoon, S.W., 2019.

Demographic Homophily, Communication, and Trust in Intra-Organizational Business Relationships.

Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 34(2), 474-487.

» DOI: 10.1108/JBIM-03-2018-0093

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-03-2018-0093   

Horak, S. & Long, C., 2018.

Dissolving the Paradox: Toward a Yin–Yang Perspective on the Power and Trust Antagonism in Collaborative Business Relationships.

Supply Chain Management, 23(6), 573-590.

» DOI: 10.1108/SCM-01-2018-0013

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/SCM-01-2018-0013

Klein, A.; Horak, S.; Bacouël-Jentjens, S. & Li, X., 2020.

Does culture frame technological innovativeness? A study of millennials in triad countries.

European Journal of International Management, forthcoming.

» DOI: 10.1504/EJIM.2019.10016816

» Link: https://doi.org/10.1504/EJIM.2019.10016816

Horak, S., Taube, M.; Yang, I. & Restel, K., 2019.

Two not of a kind: Social network theory and informal social networks in East Asia.

Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 36(2), 349-372.

» DOI: 10.1007/s10490-018-9602-z

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10490-018-9602-z

Horak, S.; Klein, A.; Svirina, A., 2020.

Trust, Reciprocity and Reputation in Informal Networks in Post-Soviet Russia.

European Journal of International Management, forthcoming.

» DOI: 10.1504/EJIM.2019.10016844

» Link: https://doi.org/10.1504/EJIM.2019.10016844

Yang, I. & Horak, S., 2018.

Emotions, indigenous affective ties, and social network theory - The case of South Korea.

Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 36(2), 395-414.

» DOI: 10.1007/s10490-017-9555-7

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10490-017-9555-7  

Horak, S., Farndale, E., Brannen, M.Y. & Collings, D., 2019.

International Human Resource Management in an Era of Political Nationalism.

Thunderbird International Business Review, 61(3), 471-480.

» DOI: 10.1002/tie.21959

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tie.21959 

Horak, S., Arya, B. & Ismail, K., 2018.

Organizational Sustainability Determinants in Different Cultural Settings: A Conceptual Framework.

Business Strategy and the Environment, 27(4), 528-546.

» DOI: 10.1002/bse.2018

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bse.2018

Horak, S. & Yang, I., 2019.

Whither seniority? Career progression and performance orientation in South Korea.

The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 30(9), 1419-1447.

» DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2017.1362659 

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2017.1362659  

Yang, I. & Horak, S., 2019.

Formal and informal practices in contemporary Korean management.

The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 30(22), 3113-3137.

» DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2017.1342683 

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2017.1342683 

Horak, S. & Yang, I., 2018.

A complementary perspective on business ethics in South Korea – Civil religion, common misconceptions, and overlooked social structures.

Business Ethics: A European Review, 27(1), 1-14.

» DOI: 10.1111/beer.12153 

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/beer.12153   

Horak, S., 2016.

Decision-making behavior, gender differences, and cultural context variables.

International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 16(3), 281-299.  

» DOI: 10.1177/1470595816665131

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470595816665131

Rowley, C.; Bae, J.; Horak, S. & Bacouël-Jentjens, S., 2017.

Distinctiveness of Human Resource Management in the Asia Pacific Region: Typologies and Levels.

The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 28(10), 1393-1408.

» DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2016.1189151 

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2016.1189151   

Horak, S. & Cui, J.J., 2017.

Firm Size, Financial Performance and Risk Behavior of Gender-Diversified Boards in the Chinese Automotive Industry – Initial Insights.

Personnel Review, 46(4), 847-866.

» DOI: 10.1108/PR-10-2015-0274 

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/PR-10-2015-0274 

Horak, S. & Nihalani, K. 2016.

Social Networks, Vertical Core Competencies and Sales Management in Korea.

Management Decision, 54(8), 1929-1946.

» DOI: 10.1108/MD-06-2015-0230 

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/MD-06-2015-0230 

Horak, S., 2018.

Join in or opt out? A normative-ethical analysis of affective ties and networks in South Korea.

Journal of Business Ethics, 149(1), 207-220.

» DOI: 10.1007/s10551-016-3125-7 

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3125-7

Horak, S. & Yang, I., 2016.

Affective networks, informal ties, and the limits of expatriate effectiveness.

International Business Review, 25(5), 1030-1042.

» DOI: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2016.01.006

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2016.01.006

Horak, S. & Restel, K., 2016.

A dynamic typology of informal institutions: Learning from the case of Guanxi.

Management and Organization Review, 12(3), 525-546.

» DOI: 10.1017/mor.2015.51 

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mor.2015.51 

Horak, S. & Taube, M., 2016.

Same but different? Similarities and fundamental differences of informal social networks in China (guanxi) and Korea (yongo).

Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 33(3), 595-616.

» DOI: 10.1007/s10490-015-9452-x 

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10490-015-9452-x 

Horak, S., 2017.

The informal dimension of Human Resource Management in Korea - Yongo, recruiting practices and career progression.

The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 28(10), 1409-1432.

» DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2015.1089062 

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2015.1089062 

Horak, S., 2015.

Extreme males - balanced females: sharing behavior in Korea.

Gender in Management: An International Journal, 30(8), 652 - 662.

» DOI: 10.1108/GM-12-2014-0121

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/GM-12-2014-0121  

Horak, S. & Klein, A., 2016.

Persistence of informal social networks in East Asia: Evidence from South Korea.

Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 33(3), 673-694.

» DOI: 10.1007/s10490-015-9416-1 

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10490-015-9416-1 

Horak, S., 2015.

Culture or anonymity? Differences in proposer behaviour in Korea and Germany.

International Journal of Psychology, 50(5), 397–401.

» DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12142 

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12142

Horak, S., 2015.

The multi-dimensional influence of informal social networks in Korea – Propositions for future management research.

Journal of General Management, 40(2), 47-65.

» DOI: 10.1177/030630701404000204

» Link: https://doi.org/10.1177/030630701404000204

Horak, S., 2015.

Approaching Korean business and management ideals through the lens of Yongo. A scholar-practitioner perspective.

Journal of Asia-Pacific Business, 16(3), 210-222.

» DOI: 10.1080/10599231.2015.1062315 

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10599231.2015.1062315   

Saeki, Y. & Horak, S., 2014.

Trust and the cultivation of relation-specific skills. Evidence from a multinational automotive supplier in Japan and Germany.

Management Decision, 52(8), 1433- 1450.

» DOI: 10.1108/MD-09-2013-0460 

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/MD-09-2013-0460  

Horak, S., 2014.

Antecedents and characteristics of informal relation-based networks in Korea: Yongo, Yonjul and Inmaek.

Asia Pacific Business Review, 20(1), 78-108.

» DOI: 10.1080/13602381.2013.791567 

» Link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2013.791567