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PHONOANGIOGRAPHY-BASED DIAGNOSIS OF CARDIO-VASCULAR DISEASES
PHONOANGIOGRAPHY-BASED DIAGNOSIS OF CARDIO-VASCULAR DISEASES
Simulations of Physiological flows have a huge significance in medical field (especially in the domain of diagnosis and surgery planning). Abnormalities in arteries which lead to cardiovascular issues are a major cause for mortality around the world. Diagnosis at early stage and surgical intervention can help to avoid sudden deaths. These interventions can be made more successful if the aftermath is known before the procedure. Computational simulation of blood flow inside artery plays crucial role in these situations.
The main objectives of the research work are as follows:
To establish the quantitative relation between sound signals on skin surface and cardiovascular ailments, along with predicting stroke-risk, through coupled Fluid-Structure-Acoustic simulations. These sounds signals can be picked-up by a digital stethoscope and data can be processed to identify characteristic frequencies which shall further be tagged with certain level of abnormality.
To construct a Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based classifier model which can diagnose artery constrictions quantitatively from a digital stethoscope. The data for this model would be obtained from the results of previously developed numerical models.
The current progress of the research work are as follows :
Phonoangiography for Stenosed Artery: Physiological Fluid-Structure-Acoustic Interaction (FSAI) study for pulsatile blood-flow induced irregular sound (bruits) in axisymmetrically stenosed complaint arteries is performed. A unified parameter R is considered, based on flow Reynolds number (Re) and ratio of tissue thickness (t) and unconstricted diameter (D) so that effect of different arterial networks can be studied using single variable. After analysing the variation in key sound frequencies reaching skin surface for different constriction levels and arteries, importance of considering structural flexibility is proved by comparing structural and acoustic velocities for the first-time in literature. Also, the efficacy of using acoustic-signals obtained using digital stethoscope to differentiate between constriction levels is established in the current study.
Phonoangiography for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: The suitability of applying a similar sound-based technique to diagnose arterial bulging (known as Aneurysm) is examined using computational FSAI technique for the first-time. Fusiform (Axisymmetric) aneurysms with varying height (H/D) and width (W/D) ratio are considered, based on medical literature for abdominal artery (where maximum possibility of aneurysm exists). The main objective is to assist the medical practitioner in deciding treatment strategy, based on rupture-risk of aneurysm. For this purpose, the acoustic signals and rupture potential values are analyzed and a novel correlation between these two is presented so that rupture-risk can be identified by just using a digital stethoscope. Also, a flow-visualisation study is performed to understand physical reason behind the trend observed in acoustic signals and rupture potential, so that when a new geometry is available out of data set, a wise decision could be taken.
Supervisor
Dr. Atul Sharma,
Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay
Co-Supervisor
Dr. Janani Srree Murallidharan,
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay
Research Articles : (Details of the solution methodology for the developed IN-HOUSE solvers are elaborated with some test cases)
Solution methodology for Fluid flow in complex geometry through physical law based Finite volume method: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1m03dd1GrMguvSG8Z1o0P9CDlE2Ebcmb4/view?usp=sharing
Solution methodology for Geometrically non-linear structural dynamics with pseudo transient time stepping. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AoRemi9rzu7uMoSbeAWzR6QplcQBGbzI/view?usp=sharing
Development of Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian based Fluid Structure Interaction module using Finite Volume Discretisation. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1H5j1vOQrPyhMPJzWf1DNgEVXFN4HqmW3/view?usp=sharing
Published Articles during Ph.D :
Morab, S. R., Sharma, A., & Murallidharan, J. S. (2023). Fully finite volume method on a curvilinear grid-based arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian approach for computational fluid flexible-structure interaction. Computer Physics Communications, 109054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2023.109054
Morab, S. R., & Sharma, A. (2020). An Overview of Computational Fluid Structure Interaction: Methods and Applications. arXiv preprint arXiv:2006.04068. https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.04068
Morab, S., Murallidharan, J., & Sharma, A. (2023). Computational Hemodynamics and Hemoacoustic Study on Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Effect of Asymmetry and pre-Aneurysm Curvature. Bulletin of the American Physical Society (Oral Presentation).
Morab, S., Murallidharan, J. & Sharma, A. (2023). Fluid Structure Acoustic Interaction for Phonoangiography-based Diagnosis and Rupture Prediction of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Proceedings of the 10th International and 50th National Conference on Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power (FMFP), FMFP2023-BFM-084.
Morab, S., Sharma, A., & Murallidharan, J. (2022). Fluid-Structure-Acoustic Interaction Study on Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Application in Phonoangiography. Bulletin of the American Physical Society (Oral Presentation).
Morab, S., Murallidharan, J. & Sharma, A. (2022). Physiological FSI Study for Phonoangiography-based Rupture Risk Prediction in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. Proceedings of the 9th International and 49th National Conference on Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power (FMFP), FMFP2022-5670.
Morab, S., Sharma, A., & Murallidharan, J. (2022). Fluid-Structure-Acoustic Interaction Study on Sound Emitted from Constricted Arteries & its Application in Phonoangiographic Diagnosis. ME@75 Research Frontiers Conference, IISc Bangalore (Oral Presentation).
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