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This study investigates the crystallite size of Fe₃O₄/activated carbon (AC) nanocomposites using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis combined with Scherrer, Williamson–Hall (W–H), and size–strain plot (SSP) methods. The results show that increasing the AC content reduces crystallite size due to lattice strain and dislocations caused by bonding rearrangements between Fe₃O₄ and carbon atoms. Among the analytical approaches, the SSP method demonstrates the best agreement with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), indicating higher reliability for estimating crystallite size. TEM analysis further reveals that particle sizes are larger than crystallite sizes because particles consist of multiple agglomerated crystallites. The study also finds that lattice strain, stress, and energy density increase with AC concentration, influencing crystallization and structural properties. Overall, these findings highlight effective methods for structural characterization of Fe₃O₄/AC nanocomposites with potential applications in electromagnetic wave absorber materials.
Nano-Structures and Nano-Objects, 20, 2019. DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2019.100396
(2026/02/06).
TEM Image (leff) and particle size distribution (right) for (a) 10% AC & (b) 20% AC.
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29. (2026) International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 23, 27.
Correlation Between Crystallinity Index, Skin Depth, And Optical Phonon Vibration for Enhancing Ni2⁺ Removal Using AC/CaCo3–Clay Composite
H. Heryanto, D. Tahir, B. Abdullah, R. Widiatmono, A. Akouibaa, S. Ilyas, A. H. Alomari & M. A. Artasasta
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-025-06806-6
28. (2025) Surface and Interfaces 73, 107645.
Activated Carbon-Induced Oxygen Vacancy Modulation in Fe, Fe2O3, and Fe3O4: Decoding Surface Defects via X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Analysis
Muhammad Azlan, Dahlang Tahir, Sultan Ilyas, Hee Jae Kang.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2025.107645
27. (2024) Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 64033–64047.
IoT real-time monitoring system implemented to observe sunlight-influenced methylene blue degradation by AC/HAp
Heryanto Heryanto, Dahlang Tahir, Bualkar Abdullah, Vicram Setiawan, Juliasih Partini, Sultan Ilyas, Abdelilah Akouibaa, Asnan Rinovian, Merita Merita.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-35514-w
26. (2022) Materialia, 26.
Bifunctional Purposes of Composite TiO2/CuO/Carbon Dots (CDs): Faster Photodegradation Pesticide Wastewater and High Performance Electromagnetic Wave Absorber
Fahri, A.N., Ilyas, S., Anugrah, M.A., Heryanto, H., Azlan, M., Ola, A.T.T., Rahmat, R., Yudasari, N., Tahir, D.
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The 2nd ICEPTI 2019, Solo, Indonesia