Sudip Dey's Book of Recipe
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1. Dey's Laws of Uncertainty
Uncertainty is perpetual and a never-ending phenomenon. It prevails everywhere irrespective of any domain or system from classical to quantum level. If we change the initial and boundary condition of any law of natural science, say, Ohm’s law wherein temperature and materials and other conditions being constant is assumed but if we change the condition, the certainty of Ohm’s law is destroyed like it is observed in case of semi-conductors wherein Ohm's law does not hold good. To unify such other resonating perspectives arising out of string theory, chaos theory and quantum theories linked with complex systems of real-world, Sudip Dey (2026) conceptualized these three Laws of Uncertainty.
2. Dey-Boltzmann Entropy Equation
If a system is statistically independent, then the entropy equation for statistically independent system was framed by Austrian mathematician and theoretical physicist Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann (1872). But it becomes invalid or incomplete in case of statistically dependent system. In contrast, if the particles or subsystems are statistically dependent, the number of accessible microstates does not factorize into a simple product. Hence, as a result, entropy is no longer additive due to correlations. Statistical dependence means not all microstates are equally probable or even possible. In addition, if uncertainty is considered in each parameter influencing the accessible microstates, the entropy will be uncertain incorporating the effects of degree of freedom of each particle along with separate identical terms which are needed to be considered in the domain of uncertain phase space-time. In view of statistical dependency in the light of uncertainty in the phase space-time domain, a modified entropy equation for uncertain and statistically dependent system is framed and introduced by Sudip Dey (2025). It is particularly relevant for complex systems - such as, biological networks, interacting particle systems, or correlated ensembles - where interactions and constraints reduce the effective entropy, highlighting a more accurate thermodynamic and informational understanding of the system's disorder under uncertain regime.
3. Realisticity Theory
The fundamentals of classical theories and laws of science and nature were realized from the dawn of civilization and subsequently conceptualized during the past hundreds of years and simultaneously mathematical concurrence reinsured the theory of laws of nature and science. After Max Planck's quantum theory (1900), quantum mechanics played a pivotal role in introducing many unanswered mysteries of the universe. Of late, Italian physicist Gabriele Veneziano (1969) pioneered the string theory to address some of those unanswered questions. Many problems of our universe cum nature and science are still unanswered or sometimes difficult to answer with prudent justification as all the laws of nature and theoretical science are far away from realisticity. Realisticity is deep-rooted with all known unknowns and unknown unknowns, considering n-dimensions of the universe. In this conjunction, to untie that knot of the same, Sudip Dey (2024) conceptualized the “Realisticity Theory”.
4. Theory of Reality
The evolution of “Probability” was conceptualized by Italian polymath, Gerolamo Cardano (1560), and later on, French mathematicians, Pierre de Fermat and Blaise Pascal (1654) framed the fundamental groundwork of probability theory, but, the axioms of probability theory introduced by Russian mathematician Andrey Kolmogorov (1933). It is well-known that the theory of probability deals with all deterministic occurrences with unique initial and boundary conditions while the theory of reality portrays both deterministic occurrences as well as uncertain occurrences. For example, in the case of tossing a coin, there is the probability of occurrence of a Head is ½ or 50%, and the probability of occurrence of a Tail is ½ or 50%. Now, if the boundary condition is changed, say, the floor on which the tossed coin will finally settle down is composed of soft mud or soft clay wherein the coin may get stuck vertically or inclined in reality. Then, will the probability of getting head 50% and Tail 50% ?? The answer is inscrutable. It is the paradox of probability theory. Hence, the theory of probability is not valid in the light of reality. In view of the above, Sudip Dey (2023) conceptualized the “theory of reality”. It addresses both deterministic values (Rdv) and uncertain values (Ruv) in reality wherein total reality (RYT) is greater than or equal to total probability (PYT) subject to initial and boundary conditions i.e., RYT ≥ PYT and Total reality (RYT) is always equal to 1.
5. Introduction to Deynk, Founk, and Pounk in Classical Mechanics
In classical mechanics, the definition of Force (Newton, N) and Yank (N/sec) are well-known. The rate of change of force with respect to time is known as Yank or (Y = mass x jerk) with the unit as N/sec. But the rate of change of Yank with respect to time is coined as Deynk (Dk = mass x jounce or snap) with the unit as N/sec2. Similarly, the rate of change of Deynk with respect to time is coined as Founk (Fk = mass Flounce or Crackle) with the unit as N/sec3 while the rate of change of Founk with respect to time is coined as Pounk (Pk= mass x Pounce or Pop) with the unit as N/sec4. Deynk, Founk, and Pounk are introduced and pioneered by Sudip Dey (2023) as parameters in classical mechanics.
6. Factor of Security
While wandering the wonders of failures of any designed system, the accidents, breakdowns, Losses of life, and properties are witnessed or witnessing or will be witnessed by the world, scaled with time and money. These are unavoidable even after choosing the suitable and best value of Factor of Safety (FoS) in design. Hence, it is evident that assigning the popular and well-known term in design, Factor of Safety (FoS) (denoted by the symbol, γ as Gamma) has always its inherent limitations in promoting absolute safety. In this context, Dey's Factor of Security (DFoS) is conceptualized and pioneered by Sudip Dey (2022) to ensure the absolute safety and security of any system. Dey's Factor of Security (DFoS) ( χ ) = [ 1 + α ] x γ , where, χ (Chi) = Dey's Factor of Security, α (Alpha) = Degree of Uncertainty which is a function of total reliability of the system (R) and time (t) and γ (Gamma) = Factor of Safety (FoS). Thus, all systems are needed to be designed and formulated based on Dey's Factor of Security, (DFoS), NOT based on the conventional Factor of Safety (FoS).
7. Dey's Number Series
Imagining the imaginary axis in complex number [Euler (1707-1783)] is not imaginary as it has real-life applications linked with signal processing, design calculations. The trivial and mysterious doubts of quantum mechanics can only be clarified if it can be portrayed in the light of uncertainty. Considering 2D and 3D, the new number series are conceptualized by Sudip Dey (2021) with 2D (p = x + i.y) and with Uncertainty axis in 3D (P = x + i.y + u.z) [where u=Dey's co-efficient of uncertainty, whose value varies from +α (plus infinity) to -α (minus infinity)] number system as mentioned in Figure.
8. Three-dimensional Number System
In general, the number system is framed as a two-dimensional one wherein the two axes are Real Number Axis (X) and the Imaginary Number Axis (Y) and the number is represented as R = X + i Y where i x i = -1 (Euler, 1750). But considering uncertainty in reality (due to lack of knowledge on class of variables, values and steps, unknown interactive scale effect, intrusive variabilities within variabilities exist), the number system can be framed as Three-dimensional Number System wherein the three axes are Real Number Axis (x) and Imaginary Number Axis (y ) and Uncertain Number Axis (z) and the number is represented as,
r = x + i y + u z
where u = Dey's co-efficient of uncertainty and it's value varies from (-)infinity to (+)infinity. The concept is coined as Dey's Three-Dimensional Number System pioneered by Sudip Dey (2020).
9. Bio-inspired Management Models
Our nature rules every system with its sequence of inherent strategies. The management of civilization has followed the path of the future and is linked with those hidden strategies by nature. In this context, the bio-inspired management models for making strategies are conceptualized and developed by Sudip Dey (2019), the crux of which is appended below.
(a) DATE-JUICE MODEL: SHOW ALWAYS FUTURE BENEFITS TO YOUR PROSPECTS
(b) ELEPHANT TEETH MODEL: SHOW SOMETHING, DO SOMETHING
(c) KINGFISHER MODEL: PRESS THE HOT BUTTON AT RIGHT TIME
(d) SPIDER WEB MODEL: SPREADING, DISTRIBUTING AND NETWORKING
(e) ANT-COLONY MODEL: COLLECT DROP BY DROP TO MAKE THE OCEAN
(f) LOTUS WATER-DROP MODEL: SHINE WITHIN TERRITORY
10. Dey's Solar Model
From Aristotle's Geocentric solar model to Copernicus's heliocentric solar model, till date, we presumed our Solar system based on the thought-experiments considering a fixed frame of reference of Solar system itself. But in reality, the trajectory of motion of Sun and Earth with other planets based on a frame of reference which also has it's own trajectory in the domain of space and time considering the interactions between our solar system with outside part of our solar system. Hence, all these motions are relative until and unless we have the UNIVERSAL FIXED FRAME OF REFERENCE and we observe all the motions from it's origin. But in reality, due to continuous disorder (exchange of energy and mass in relativistic domain) of universe, it is continuously changing in the domain of space and time. Hence, in the light of UNCERTAINTY in space and time scale, a new solar model is conceptualized and pioneered by Sudip Dey (2018) wherein all the trajectories of all interactive motions of Sun, Earth, Moon and all other planets follow an uncertain path in the domain of space and time within its volumetric band (coined as "Tunnel of Uncertainty").
11. Dey's Bridging Theory
The concept of re-birth, eternal life, or immortality was practically non-existent until the twentieth century. Is there any way to achieve it ?? To unveil this interesting question, Miller-Urey experiment (1953) pioneered to showcase that organic molecules required for living organisms could be formed from inorganic constituents and replicated the conditions of Earth's early atmosphere and oceans to create organic molecules abiogenically. Of late, many researchers investigated on the origin of homochirality, RNA precursors, and the prebiotic scenario with an enantioselective bias. These experimental thought processes are encircled with molecular or atomistic levels. In this context, Sudip Dey (2017) conceptualized the Bridging theory which stated that “Non-living (inorganic) constitutes can be converted to living (organic) organisms if treated and conditioned through a complex series of quasi-genetic metamorphosis and string-behavioural transformations to create all genetically-encoded amino acids”.
12. Dey's Human Satisfaction Model
All human beings are, by and large, driven by the major four factors, namely,
1) What you are actually good at (i.e., based on your core competency and your acquired or natural skills)
2) What you are interested in (i.e., based on your areas of interest by self-motivation)
3) What does your society need (i.e., based on your societal and to some extent, your family needs)
4) What does your employer/customer need (i.e., based on your employer's or customer's needs)
There are always unbalanced forces and moments acting on "YOU" which result in your degree of "SATISFACTION". The tug of war among these unbalanced forces and moments are intrusively random function in the domain of space and time. The only condition to yield 100% efficiency at your level of satisfaction occurs when all these forces and moments are framed in an equilibrium condition. In reality, it is a continuous challenge that everyone is facing and dealing with every day, every moment. The solution for stability is "convergence" and "balancing" of all these forces (F1, F2, F3 and F4) and moments (M1, M2, M3 and M4). It is conceptualized and pioneered by Sudip Dey (2016).
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