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Polyketides are the antibacterial compounds and they are synthesized from the precursors of acyl Co-A such as methyl malonate, acetyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, methyl malonyl-CoA, and benzoyl-CoA. These monomers take part in sequential NADPH-dependent condensation reactions catalyzed by biosynthetic enzymes termed polyketide synthases.
They are the secondary metabolite derived from the bacteria. They are the largest class of natural products and most diverse in nature. Besides, many bioactive compounds produced by different microbes. Polyketides are most commonly known for its antibacterial, anti-tumor and other antagonistic activity in the field of human health sector.
The organization of polyketide synthases are broadly described by three major themes- Type 1 PKS, Type 2 PKS and Type 3 PKS. Type 2 PKS are referred to as bacterial aromatic polyketide synthases. Among the Bacillus subtilis three antimicrobial peptides are produced; they are bacillaene, macrolactin and difficidin. These antibacterial compounds exhibit their activity through selectively inhibiting the synthesis of protein.
APPLICATION:
These bacterial aromatic polyketide synthases products exhibit anti-tumor or antibiotic activity such as doxorubicin and oxytetracycline.
Tetracycline is another antibiotic molecule that is commonly use for the treatment of food poisoning.
Polyketides almost posses drug activity and they are the antibiotics and some example of antibiotics are tetracycline, erythromycin, nystatin and immunosuppressant rapamycin.
Polyketide derivatives such as insecticide Spirosyn A are useful to agriculture pest management control programs.
Bacillaene shows antibacterial activity against bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and fungi like Fusarium spp. Difficidin helps in the inhibition of pathogenic organisms like Clostridium spp and Escherichia coli. Macrolactins shows antagonistic activity against bacteria and fungi and Macrolactin A shows antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus
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