Smartphone usage has become one of the most debated variables in conversations about modern productivity. Does spending more time on a phone erode work output? Does the platform matter; Android versus iOS? Do lifestyle habits like sleep, stress, and caffeine consumption move the needle? This project applied Python-based exploratory data analysis to a large-scale dataset of 50,000 smartphone users to examine work productivity scores across demographic, behavioural, and technological dimensions, and to let the data answer those questions empirically rather than anecdotally.
The analysis addressed four specific questions: whether productivity scores differ across occupation types, whether numerical lifestyle variables show meaningful correlation with productivity, whether gender is associated with productivity differences, and whether the device ecosystem (Android vs iOS) has any bearing on productivity outcomes.
The dataset comprised 50,000 individual records capturing smartphone usage and lifestyle behaviour. Variables included Work_Productivity_Score (the target variable), demographic fields (Age, Gender, Occupation), device information (Device_Type), and behavioural features: Daily_Phone_Hours, Social_Media_Hours, Sleep_Hours, Stress_Level, App_Usage_Count, Caffeine_Intake_Cups, and Weekend_Screen_Time_Hours. Occupations spanned four groups: Professional, Freelancer, Business Owner, and Student.
All analysis was performed in Python using Pandas for data aggregation via groupby().mean(), Matplotlib for bar and pie chart visualisation, and Seaborn for the correlation heatmap. Grouped mean comparisons were applied to categorical variables (Occupation, Gender, Device Type), while a Pearson correlation matrix assessed linear relationships between all numerical features and the productivity score. All charts were precisely labelled and styled for clarity and portfolio presentation.
Grouping all 50,000 users by occupation and computing mean productivity scores reveals a clear but compressed ranking. Professionals lead at 5.53, followed by Freelancers (5.51), Business Owners (5.50), and Students (5.48). The rank order is intuitive, structured, accountability-driven work environments correlate with marginally higher scores, while Students, operating with more flexible and self-directed schedules, sit at the bottom.
However, the total spread across all four occupations is just 0.05 points, a gap so narrow it is unlikely to carry practical significance. The y-axis was appropriately constrained (5.45–5.54) to make the differences visible without visual exaggeration, which reflects good visualisation discipline. Across 50,000 users, this near-uniformity suggests that occupation type alone explains very little of the variation in how productively people work.
Key insight: Professionals are marginally the most productive group, but a 0.05-point range across all four occupations confirms that occupation is a weak standalone predictor of work productivity.
A Pearson correlation matrix across all nine numerical variables, including Daily_Phone_Hours, Social_Media_Hours, Sleep_Hours, Stress_Level, App_Usage_Count, Caffeine_Intake_Cups, Age, and Weekend_Screen_Time_Hours, produced the most definitive finding of the entire analysis.
Every correlation between Work_Productivity_Score and the lifestyle variables is effectively zero, with the maximum absolute value reaching just 0.01. This means that none of the measured behavioural variables; how many hours a person spends on their phone, how much they sleep, how stressed they are, how much caffeine they consume, or how many apps they use have a meaningful linear relationship with their work productivity score. The heatmap is dominated by deep blue across the productivity row, with no warm tones visible outside the diagonal.
This is a significant finding at scale. With 50,000 data points, even a weak true relationship would likely surface as a non-zero correlation. The near-total absence of correlation suggests either that productivity is genuinely independent of these variables in this population, or that the relationships are non-linear and would require more advanced modelling to detect.
Key insight: No numerical lifestyle variable, including phone usage, sleep, stress, or caffeine, shows meaningful correlation with work productivity. This challenges common assumptions about what drives productivity in smartphone users.
The pie chart breakdown of average productivity scores by gender shows a distribution that is essentially perfectly equal: Female and Other both at 33.4%, Male at 33.2%. The 0.2 percentage point difference between the highest and lowest gender groups is negligible, and the near-identical three-way split confirms that gender has no meaningful association with productivity in this dataset.
This finding is relevant beyond the dataset itself. It provides data-backed evidence against assumptions that productivity is gendered, at least within the context of smartphone-using populations represented here. The inclusion of a third gender category (‘Other’) also reflects thoughtful dataset design and inclusive analysis practice.
Key insight: Gender shows no association with work productivity. Male, Female, and Other groups contribute virtually equal shares, making gender a non-factor in productivity prediction.
Comparing productivity scores between Android and iOS users produces the largest gap in the entire analysis, and yet it remains modest. Android users average 5.53 versus iOS users at 5.47, a difference of 0.06 points. Android users are marginally more productive on this measure, making device type the variable with the strongest, though still limited, association with productivity across all four analyses.
Whether this difference reflects genuine platform effects, demographic differences between Android and iOS user bases, or simply sampling variation is a question the descriptive analysis cannot resolve. It is, however, the finding most worth investigating further,through subgroup analysis or statistical significance testing in subsequent work.
Key insight: Android users score 0.06 points higher than iOS users, the largest gap in the analysis, though still narrow. Device type is the most differentiated variable examined and the strongest candidate for further investigation.
The most important takeaway from this analysis is not any single finding, but the pattern that runs through all four: work productivity is remarkably uniform across the variables examined. Occupation, gender, device type, phone usage, sleep, stress, caffeine none of them produce meaningful productivity differences in a dataset of 50,000 users. This is a finding that challenges intuition and is all the more credible for the sample size behind it.
For a data analyst, knowing what does not predict an outcome is as valuable as knowing what does. These results suggest that productivity in smartphone-using populations may be driven by factors not captured in this dataset, intrinsic motivation, task quality, organisational environment, or non-linear interactions between variables. The correlation heatmap, in particular, opens the door to more advanced analytical approaches: tree-based models, clustering, or interaction-effect testing that Pearson correlation cannot capture.
The Python techniques applied here ; grouped aggregation with groupby().mean(), multi-variable Pearson correlation via .corr(), and layered visualisation using Matplotlib and Seaborn collectively demonstrate a clean, interpretable EDA workflow applicable to any behavioural or consumer dataset.
## **Import Necessary packages**
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# **Extraction, Loading and Transformation**
df= pd.read_csv('/content/Smartphone_Usage_Productivity_Dataset_50000.csv')
df.head()
df.info()
df.describe()
# **Exploratory Data Analytics**
print(plt.style.available)
occupation= df.groupby('Occupation')['Work_Productivity_Score'].mean()
occupation= occupation.reset_index().sort_values('Work_Productivity_Score', ascending= False)
occupation
x= occupation['Occupation']
y= occupation['Work_Productivity_Score']
color= ['#4D1F9A','#6D28D9','#9370DB','#D8BFD8']
plt.style.use('seaborn-v0_8')
container = plt.bar(x,y,color= color)
plt.ylim(5.45,5.54)
plt.xlim(left=-0.5) # Add padding to the left of the first bar
plt.ylabel('Average prodcutivity Score')
plt.bar_label(container, fmt='%.2f', padding=3)
plt.title('Work productivity score across different occupation')
import seaborn as sns
correlation_matrix = df[['Work_Productivity_Score','Daily_Phone_Hours','Age', 'Social_Media_Hours', 'Sleep_Hours', 'Stress_Level', 'App_Usage_Count', 'Caffeine_Intake_Cups', 'Weekend_Screen_Time_Hours']].corr()
plt.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
sns.heatmap(correlation_matrix, annot=True, cmap='coolwarm', fmt=".2f", linewidths=.5)
plt.title('Correlation Matrix of Work Productivity Score with Numerical Features')
plt.show()
Gender = df.groupby('Gender')['Work_Productivity_Score'].mean().reset_index().sort_values('Work_Productivity_Score', ascending=True)
# Plotting the pie chart directly from the Gender DataFrame
Gender.plot.pie(y='Work_Productivity_Score',labels=Gender['Gender'],autopct='%1.1f%%', legend=False)
plt.title('Average Work Productivity Score by Gender')
plt.ylabel('') # Hide the y-label which is 'Work_Productivity_Score' by default
plt.show()
productivity_by_device = df.groupby('Device_Type')['Work_Productivity_Score'].mean().reset_index()
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6))
bars = plt.bar(productivity_by_device['Device_Type'], productivity_by_device['Work_Productivity_Score'], color=['lightgreen', 'orange'])
plt.xlabel('Device Type')
plt.ylabel('Average Work Productivity Score')
plt.title('Average Work Productivity Score by Device Type')
plt.ylim(5.4, 5.6)
plt.grid(axis='y', linestyle='--')
plt.bar_label(bars,fmt= '%.2f', padding=3)
plt.show()