A geomagnetic station is an observation facility equipped with high-sensitivity magnetometers to continuously monitor variations in the Earth's magnetic field. These stations detect geomagnetic disturbances that may result from natural phenomena such as geomagnetic storms, which are caused by solar activities like coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and solar flares.

Ionospheric Single Frequency GPS  Total Electron Content : iTEC is a low-cost single-frequency GPS receiver designed to study Total Electron Content (TEC) in the ionosphere. Compared to dual-frequency or multi-frequency systems, iTEC offers a more affordable solution while still demonstrating TEC measurement performance that is consistent with data from the multi-frequency receiver (BG2s), IGS, and IRI. ts compact size and ease of installation make it suitable for widespread deployment.