A common misconception, is that weather and climate mean the same thing and can be used interchangeably. This however is far from the truth.
Weather refers to the day to day short term conditions such as temperature and precipitation.
Climate refers to a long term average of weather conditions, typically measured over a period of 30 years or more.
Understanding the difference is important, especially when discussing climate change. Weather can fluctuate significantly from day to day, whereas climate provides a broader context that identifies long term trends.
Climate is influenced by a variety of natural factors including:
Latitude - the distance from the equator. This affects the amount of solar energy received in a given location.
Elevation - the height above a given point, typically sea level. Generally higher elevations have cooler temperatures.
Proximity to oceans and large lakes - water bodies can help to moderate temperatures and influence precipitation.
Wind and atmospheric patterns - acts to move heat and moisture around the globe.
Ocean currents - helps to redistribute and transport heat from the equator across the ocean.
These factors shape the long term averages in temperature, precipitation, and humidity.
Climate is influential in ecosystem distribution, water resources, and agriculture. It shapes where different plants and animals can survive, determines the best growing season and location for crops, and affects the availability of freshwater. Understanding climate and what shapes it is critical for planning infrastructure, managing resources, and preparing and mitigating for the impacts of climate change.