Supposing is good but finding out is better, that's why I research.
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A two-dimensional model of respiratory droplet ejected from an infected person during any exhalation event. In any such respiratory event, a cloud of droplets is ejected from the mouth which consists of a large volume of air, which initially act as a turbulent jet but gradually transforms into a buoyant puff. As the droplets within the cloud, transmit through jet and puff, the current model incorporates the evolution of an isolated droplet within the respiratory jet and puff. We have solved a detailed transport model for liquid phase inside the droplet and investigated a spatio-temporal solute-solvent level heat and mass transfer, which affects the evaporation rate and further nucleation of the droplet. This model gives a complete analysis encompassing the gas phase coupled with the liquid phase responsible for the airborne droplet kinetics in the ambient environment.
Temperature and salt mass fraction field inside the droplet at different time steps with at initial conditions of 30 droplet surface temperature and 48% relative humidity. Change in the 2nd place of decimal in % represents minimum variation of 1% of initial concentration which is considered as 1.00%.
The study provides first of its kind insights into the complete lifecycle of fomite-mediated bacterial pathogenesis in evaporating droplets of both neutral and nutrient-rich media. The remnant bacterial precipitate post evaporation of the host liquid medium contaminates the surfaces (identified as fomites), and further aggravates disease transmission. Investigation of the dried Salmonella Typhimurium (STM) laden droplets reveal distinct bacterial agglomeration patterns, governed by the flow dynamics and the nutrient scale of the host mediums. The residual STM, overwhelmed by depletion of moisture and flow stress, exhibit reduced viability. However, their hyper-proliferating responses, confirmed from macrophages and in vivo animal (mice) experiments signify augmented infection potential of fomites. This study demonstrates that dried bacterial morphologies (formed within minutes) on organic and inorganic surfaces, significantly contribute to enhanced pathogenesis of fomites that can last up to several days.
A systematic study on targeted drug delivery is carried out in an unsteady flow of blood infused with magnetic nanoparticles with an aim to understand the flow pattern and nanoparticle aggregation in a diseased arterial segment having stenosis. The magnetic nanoparticles are controlled by an external magnetic field which is significant for therapeutic treatment of arterial diseases, tumor and cancer cells, and removing blood clots. The results have significant bearing in medical sciences for assessing temperature rise during hyperthermic treatment of tumor and drug delivery system with magnetic nanoparticles in the diseased artery.
The figures represent an arterial segment having AAA(Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm). It exhibit the blood flow pattern via the streamline contours for different Hartmann number Ha. From these figures we observe the formation of vortices which detaches from the wall and rolls up into a ring like vortex structure at the throat of the AAA which get reduced and finally vanishes as magnetic field strength is sufficiently increased. This confirms the idea of flow circulation zone and the position of flow reversal that takes place at the bulge of AAA.
Unsteady flow simulation of blood and heat transfer characteristics in the neighbourhood of an overlapping constricted artery have been investigated in the presence of magnetic field and whole body vibration. The unsteady flow mechanism in the constricted artery is subjected to a pulsatile pressure gradient arising from systematic functioning of the heart and from the periodic body acceleration. The axial velocity u is pulsating with time, is maximum at the central line and becomes zero along the wall of the artery due to no-slip condition
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