Spider-Man (2002) is a product of its time, and in 2002, major networked communications had yet to become as prevalent as they are today. While we do see the phone in one scene, the movie portrays communications technology through the Daily Bugle, a pre-network form of communication.
The movie shows the ease of communication that telephone networks brought to society, with Peter able to immediately call and check on Mary Jane when he realizes the Goblin is going after her next. Instant communication allows us to immediately check in with our loved ones, whether its to verify safety or just to see how they are doing, but this also allows criminals to easily communicate plans or hold people for ransom, similar to how the Goblin used the phone to tell Peter he had MJ.
While there is only one major scene involving the phone, Spider-Man heavily features newspapers as the main communications technology. The Daily Bugle is a major newspaper in New York City, and it shows how beneficial, yet dangerous widespread communication can be.
The Bugle is beneficial to New York City as it is shown to be the main way that people learn about Spider-Man's heroics and the Green Goblin's crimes. Any citizen can purchase a copy and figure out what has been happening in their city, who to trust, and who to avoid. This ease of communication only continued to evolve over time, into the online news that we access today.
The widespread communication from the Bugle is also dangerous to the city, as it can sway public view of someone by creating articles to bring them down. We see this with Jameson's hatred of Spider-Man, creating articles calling him a menace and portraying his heroics as a scheme to hide his crimes. While we see that a majority of New Yorkers don't believe this, there are many who do and don't trust Spider-Man. The ability to have widespread sharing of stories and opinions is beneficial for society, but can be used in dangerous ways.