Overview of Positive Behavior Management

a) Research and Synthesize Behavior-Management Theories

1. Kounin Model: This theory is about how the teacher keeps order in the classroom by doing different things like being fully involved in the class and taking care of issues in the class. It is concerned with the teacher’s maximum participation of students in clear and structured tasks to ensure the creation of an environment with the highest possible degree of learning.

2. Skinnerian Model: The Skinnerian model is the theory of B.F. Skinner that focuses on operant conditioning and reinforcement, therefore, is the use of a stimulus that strengthens the desired behavior. 

3. Glasser Model: According to the Glasser model, Choice Theory is a social theory for changing human attitudes and behaviors built around a model of choice. This theory, created by William Glasser, claims that children engage in behavior seeking to satisfy base needs like power, freedom, and love. It emphasizes the importance of making correct and moral decisions by students and solving problems.

4. Canter Model: Canter’s model of Assertive Discipline has its basis on profound respect for people and the use of strong discipline. It features the formulation of clear rules and penalties for any act of disobedience. It teaches the sacred principle of according respect to all participants in the class.

b) Common Challenges and Plan of Action

Common Challenges

Inconsistent Implementation: The difference in the extent of usage of PBIS strategies at schools, varying from minimal to innovative and remarkably successful used across classrooms.

Resistance: Opposition from students, staff, and parents.

Resource Limitations: Inadequate materials or supporting people for the successful implementation of PBIS results.

Plan of Action

Professional Development: Give teachers a well-structured learning activity on PBIS-related techniques.

Consistency: Confirm the equal distribution and faithful execution of PBIS principles across the schools and throughout the whole educational system.

Monitoring and Evaluation: Evaluate the effect of PBIS regularly through data collection and student feedback, and change the program if necessary.

c) Research-Based Strategies for Each Tier of PBIS

Tier 1 (Universal Supports)

Clear Expectations: Announce and train every student in regards to the government goals and expectations.

Positive Reinforcement: Apply a system of rewards to the participating students who strictly observe the rules.

Classroom Design: Discipline the classroom environment and enhance the level of engagement of the students.

Tier 2 (Targeted Supports)

Small Group Interventions: Offer small group remediation for students who are struggling with a particular concept in math or reading.

Behavior Contracts: Developing durable agreements containing clear goals and rewards will help to improve students’ behavior.

Mentoring Programs: Connect students with mentors for teens to lean on for support and advice.

Tier 3 (Intensive Supports)

Individualized Behavior Plans: Plans are way wholesome and are generated according to the student’s interests focusing on the FBA tests. 

Collaboration with Specialists: Work with behavioral specialists and counselors to provide intensive support.

d) PBIS Resources

PBIS.org: One full comprehensive resource for very many things related to PBIS implementation, such as outdated guidelines source and effective tools help.

The Center on PBIS: Schools are distributed materials, and the training is provided here.

RTI Action Network: Pointer to a website that gives details of how passing over the PBIS principles is achieved within the frame of Response to Intervention.

e) Examples of Successful PBIS Implementation

1. Hillsborough County Public Schools, Florida

There is no other (PBIS) Positive Behaviors Intervention and Support district that make student conduct and incidents of misbehavior decrease that of Hillsborough County Public Schools. In two hundred and fifty-six schools in the district alone, teachers and their students together learned which good behavior and clear behavioral expectations were good in addition to them learning the benefits of proper teaching for the young people here

2. Long Beach Unified School District, California

Finding a way of integrating staff-training with student interest, the Long Beach Unified School District has experienced enhanced behavior among their students in just one year. As a result, these practices are also part of the formal policies to ensure success.

3. Portland Public Schools, Oregon

Portland Public Schools decrease the rate of student mobbing with PBIS and a racial equity lens, and family involvement. They were trying to get their students all to do things that seem easy to them even though it proves to be hard.

https://www.pbisvermont.org/helpful-information/getting-started/

https://www.pbisvermont.org/helpful-information/getting-started/