Syllabus Electrical Circuit Analysis - II (EE205ES) UNIT - I : Transient analysis : Transient response of R, L & C circuits, Formulation of integral differential equations, Initial conditions, Transient Response of RL, RC and RLC (series and parallel) networks subjected to internal energy, Response to impulse, step, and ramp, exponential and sinusoidal excitations. (Chapter - 1) UNIT - II : Electrical circuit Analysis using Laplace Transforms : Application of Laplace Transforms to RL, RC and RLC (series and parallel) Networks for impulse, step, and ramp, exponential and sinusoidal excitations. (Chapter - 2) UNIT - III : Two port network parameters : Open circuit impedance, short-circuit admittance, Transmission, Hybrid parameters & inter-relationships, Series, parallel and cascade connection of two port networks, System function, and Impedance and admittance functions. (Chapter - 3) UNIT - IV : Fourier Series and Integral : Fourier series representation of periodic functions, Symmetry conditions, Exponential Fourier series, Discrete spectrum, Fourier integral and its properties, Continuous spectrum, Application to simple networks. (Chapter - 4) UNIT - V : Filters : Classification of filters - Low pass, High pass, Band pass and Band Elimination, Constant-k and M-derived filters-Low pass and High pass Filters and Band pass and Band elimination filters (Elementary treatment only). (Chapter - 5)
Autism, or autism spectrum disorders (ASD), is one of the complex genetic diseases and its etiology is unknown for majority of the patients. It is characterized by deterioration in social interaction, communication, interests, imagination, and activities. As autism is a highly heterogeneous disorder, the symptoms can vary greatly in each affected individual. Oxidative stress implicates major pathogenesis of neurological disorders like ASD. Nutrients and dietary supplements play an important role in the health of an individual and there are several lines of evidence suggesting the role of dietary factors in the development or pathogenesis of ASD. The amino acids supplement has been found to reduce symptoms as they act as the precursors of neurotransmitters which in turn may extenuate mental disorders. The biosynthesis of amino acids in the brain is regulated by the concentration of amino acids in plasma. Amino acids are also considerable entities as they themselves, or peptides consisting of them, have profound antioxidant activities. Dietary constituents have an effect on the transport of amino acids across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) thus indirectly modulating the therapeutic value of amino acids. Among the other factors, voltage-gated calcium channels are directly linked to ASD as per results of genetic studies. Malfunctioning of these calcium channels causes ASD. The intricate biochemical and molecular machinery contributing to neurological disorders is still unknown. Here we discuss the preventive role of dietary amino acids against and regulation of voltage-gated calcium channels on ASD.
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Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is a digital modulation technique in which the available spectrum is split into numerous narrow band channels of dissimilar frequencies to achieve high data rate in a multi path fading environment. In OFDM number of sub carriers is considered which are orthogonal to each other. As the number of sub carriers is increased there is no indemnity of sustaining orthogonality. At some point the carriers are not independent to each other, where the orthogonality can be loosed and which might escort to interference and also owing to the lack of synchronization among transmitter and receiver local oscillator, leads to interference known as inter carrier interference (ICI). The ICI cause power leakage amid sub carriers consequently degrading the system performance. In order to enhance the system performance and to diminish the inter carrier interference a novel scheme is proposed in this paper. In this scheme at the transmitter side the modulated data and a few predefined pilot symbols are mapped onto the non neighboring sub carriers with weighting coefficients of +1 and -1. With the aid of pilot symbols the frequency offset is exactly estimated by using maximum likelihood estimation and can be minimized. At demodulation stage the received signals are linearly combined along with their weighted coefficients and pilot symbols, called as pilot aided self cancellation method. By this the CIR can be improved ~10 dB. In this paper the effectiveness of pilot aided self cancellation scheme is compared with the self cancellation method. It provides accurate estimation of frequency offset and when residual CFO is less significant the ICI can be diminished successfully. 0852c4b9a8
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