Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell
Sources
Loneliness
–In the UK 60% of 18 to 34 year olds say that they often feel lonely. (source displayed in video)
#The lonely society?, 2010
https://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/sites/default/files/the_lonely_society_report.pdf
– In the US 46% of the entire population feel lonely regularly. (source displayed in video)
#Cigna U.S. Loneliness Index, 2018
Quote:
At least two in five surveyed sometimes or always feel as though they lack companionship (43%), that their relationships are not meaningful (43%), that they are isolated from others (43%), and/or that they are no longer close to anyone (39%).
Summary:
#New Cigna Study Reveals Loneliness at Epidemic Levels in America, 2018
https://www.multivu.com/players/English/8294451-cigna-us-loneliness-survey/
– Being lonely and being alone are not the same thing.
#loneliness, 2018
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/loneliness
– You can be filled with bliss by yourself and hate every second surrounded by friends.
#Country roads, take me home… to my friends: How intelligence, population density, and friendship affect modern happiness, 2016
– A common stereotype is that loneliness only happens to people who don’t know how to talk to people or how to behave around others. (source displayed in video)
#New Research Finds Lonely People Have Superior Social Skills, 2015
#The growing problem of loneliness, 2018
– But population based studies have shown that social skills make practically no difference for adults when it comes to social connections. (source displayed in video)
#New Research Finds Lonely People Have Superior Social Skills, 2015
– Money, fame, power, beauty, social skills, a great personality – nothing can protect you against loneliness because it is part of your biology.
#Elucidating the genetic basis of social interaction and isolation, 2018
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-04930-1
#Loneliness. Human Nature and the Need for Social Connection, 2008
– Loneliness makes you to pay attention to your social needs.
#How Loneliness Begets Loneliness, 2017
https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/04/how-loneliness-begets-loneliness/521841/
– Your body cares about your social needs because millions of years ago it was a great indicator of how likely you were to survive. (source displayed in video)
#Loneliness Matters: A Theoretical and Empirical Review of Consequences and Mechanisms, 2010
#Loneliness Across Phylogeny and a Call for Comparative Studies and Animal Models, 2015
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1745691614564876
– You were born into groups of 50 to 150 people, which you usually stayed with for the rest of your life.
#Evolution and Human Behavior, 2018
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S109051381730209X
– To avoid that your body came up with social pain. (source displayed in video)
#Loneliness. Human Nature and the Need for Social Connection, 2008
– The loneliness epidemic we see today really only started in the late Renaissance.
#The Renaissance and Individualism, 1930
https://www.jstor.org/stable/25012777?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
#Individualism, 2018
https://www.britannica.com/topic/individualism
#The Renaissance, individualism and the portrait, 2012
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1016/0191-6599%2894%2900263-F?journalCode=rhei20
– This trend accelerated during the industrial revolution.
#Loneliness. Human Nature and the Need for Social Connection, 2008
Quote:
– In the US, in the mean number of close friends, dropped from 3 in 1985 to 2 in 2011. (source displayed in video)
#Social Isolation in America: Changes in Core Discussion Networks over Two Decades, 2006
Related corrections
Errata: Social Isolation in America: Changes in Core Discussion Networks over Two Decades, 2008
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/000312240807300610
Critical review:
#Small networks and high isolation? A reexamination of American discussion networks, 2011 http://www.academia.edu/1624984/Small_networks_and_high_isolation_A_reexamination_of_American_discussion_networks
#Cigna U.S. Loneliness index, 2018
Summary:
According to the Cigna Index 7% of the Americans always feel like there was no one to turn to and 8% always didn’t feel close to anyone anymore. Additional 29% sometimes felt like there was no one to turn to, while 31% sometimes felt like they did not feel close to anyone anymore.
– Stress that comes from chronic loneliness is among the most unhealthy things we can experience as humans. (source displayed in video)
#Social Relationships and Health: The Toxic Effects of Perceived Social Isolation, 2014
#Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review, 2010
https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316
#Cigna U.S. Loneliness index, 2018
– Loneliness is twice as deadly as obesity. (source displayed in video)
#A Longitudinal Analysis of Loneliness Among Older People in Great Britain, 2012
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00223980.2011.609572#.UwAGrnEZ7ow
– ... and as deadly as smoking a pack of cigarettes a day. (source displayed in video)
#Cigna U.S. Loneliness index, 2018
Cited study:
#Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors for Mortality, 2015
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1745691614568352
#Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review, 2010
https://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316
#Loneliness among Older Adults: A National Survey of Adults 45+, 2010
https://assets.aarp.org/rgcenter/general/loneliness_2010.pdf
– Once it becomes chronic, it can become self sustaining.
#Reciprocal Influences Between Loneliness and Self-Centeredness: A Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis in a Population-Based Sample of African American, Hispanic, and Caucasian Adults, 2017
– When you are lonely, your brain is much more receptive and alert to social signals. (source displayed in video)
#Lonely adolescents exhibit heightened sensitivity for facial cues of emotion, 2017
– The part of your brain that recognizes faces gets out of tune.
#Perceived social isolation is associated with altered functional connectivity in neural networks associated with tonic alertness and executive control, 2016
#The Science of Loneliness, 2014
https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/cusp/201408/the-science-loneliness
#Interpreting neutral faces as threatening is a default mode for socially anxious individuals, 2008
– The first thing you can do to escape it is to accept that loneliness is a totally normal feeling. (source displayed in video)
#Accepting Loneliness, 2013
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/pieces-mind/201301/accepting-loneliness
– Loneliness is something that deserves more attention.
#The growing problem of loneliness, 2018
#A history of loneliness, 2018
http://theconversation.com/a-history-of-loneliness-91542
Further Reading:
#U.K.'s 'loneliness minister' puts spotlight on issue Canada needs to tackle, 2018
#Ontario Canada Reference Group, Executive Summary Spring 2016
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