Giant resonances represent collective excitations of nucleons within a nucleus, arising from transitions between the ground state and various collective excited states. In these modes, the nucleus undergoes oscillations around an average shape or density, depending on the changes in spin, isospin, and angular momentum quantum numbers associated with the excitation. Among the different types of giant resonances, the isoscalar giant monopole resonance (ISGMR) or the "breathing mode" and isoscalar giant dipole resonance (ISGDR) or the "squeezing mode" are of particular importance because their excitation energies are directly linked to the incompressibility of finite nuclei (KA). Owing to this sensitivity, they are commonly known as compression modes. Through microscopic theoretical calculations, the measured value of KA can be used to extract the incompressibility of infinite nuclear matter (K∞), a fundamental parameter that strongly influences mean-field descriptions of nuclear many-body systems as well as the dynamics of high-density astrophysical environments, including neutron stars and core-collapse supernovae. In contrast, the isoscalar giant quadrupole resonance (ISGQR) reflects quadrupole shape oscillations of the nucleus. Recent investigations have revealed signatures of overtone excitations in the ISGQR—referred to as ISGQR2—in Nd isotopes. These overtones constitute an additional type of compression mode beyond the ISGMR and ISGDR, although further experimental confirmation and theoretical interpretation are necessary to fully understand their nature. We are also interested in examining how nuclear deformation influences the strength distributions of these giant resonances.

• Probing isoscalar giant resonances with multipolarity L ≤ 3 in even-A neodymium isotopes; M. Abdullah, K. Khokhar, S. Bagchi et al., Physical Review C 112, 044316 (2025). Journal

• Effect of ground-state deformation on the isoscalar giant monopole resonance and the first observation of overtones of the isoscalar giant quadrupole resonance in rare-Earth Nd isotopes; M. Abdullah, S. Bagchi et al., Physics Letters B 855, 138852 (2024). Journal, arXiv

• Compression-mode resonances in the calcium isotopes and implications for the asymmetry term in nuclear incompressibility; K.B. Howard et al., Physics Letters B 801, 135185 (2020). Journal, arXiv

• First measurement of isoscalar giant resonances in a stored-beam experiment; J.C. Zamora, T. Aumann, S. Bagchi et al., Physics Letters B 763, 16−19 (2016). Journal

• Observation of isoscalar multipole strengths in exotic doubly-magic 56Ni in inelastic α scattering in inverse kinematics; S. Bagchi et al., Physics Letters B 751, 371−375 (2015). Journal

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