A glacier that ends in a body of water, usually the ocean.  Greenland has 200+ of these glaciers! 

The ice that flows from the ice sheet to these glaciers breaks off into the ice in a process known as calving. Also, the front of these glaciers can melt due to warm ocean water touching them and from melt water runoff from atmospheric warming emerging at the front of the glacier. This melt water is fresher than the surrounding water and can rise buoyantly through the water and melt the front of the glacier.

For more information on glaciers, I recommend antarcticglaciers.org

Remote sensing is the monitoring of a planet using satellites and maned and unmanned aircraft. This can include optical and multi-spectral imagery, radar, gravity, elevation, and other types of geophysical data. 

For more information on remote sensing, check out the following resources:

NASA EarthData
Coursera Remote Sensing Courses
EarthLab