Soil Moisture BETTER

It reflects not only the water content in a particular zone but also the health of the field. The roots of plants absorb water first, so their condition directly depends on its amount and aeration. Ultimately, the soil moisture effect on plants and the yield is vital.

It is the difference between the exact water content in the ground and the water it can hold. Also, an important indicator is total available water (TAW), i.e., how much of it plants can get. It is the contrast between the moisture content of the ground according to FC and PWP. Above FC, crops can take it only for 1-3 days; below PWP, crops cannot absorb the needed water any more. Below is a list Sumon Datta, Saleh Taghvaeian, Jacob Stivers. Understanding Soil Water Content and Thresholds for Irrigation Management. Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Oklahoma State University. of standard moisture content of soil for its different types.

Soil Moisture

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How to calculate moisture content of soil? There are several methods. They differ in the data source that is used for this. In general, you can single out gravimetric (or direct) measurement, analysis using soil moisture sensors, and remote sensing.

This method extracts water from a soil sample through evaporation, flushing, and a chemical reaction. The gravimetric soil moisture is calculated based on measuring the difference between the wet and dry sample weight.

VWC is used to calculate the water deficit in the field. It allows growers to plan precision irrigation works. In this case, soil water deficit is the ratio of general field capacity and current volumetric soil moisture content.

SWT is used to specify the energy that crops need to get water from the ground. Tension increases as moisture level decreases. Conversely, it is very low when the ground is filled with water. Usually, SWT is measured in centibar. You should constantly refine data to get accurate results. For example, try to analyze this parameter when signs of water stress appear so that you can irrigate your plants until the indicators return to normal.

The advantage of remote sensing is that it can gauge moisture over much larger areas than conventional methods. Additionally, satellite technology makes it possible to generate high-resolution soil moisture maps, which allow modeling crop yields in individual areas of the field and improving overall production efficiency. Given the constant development of this area, the potential of satellite data will only grow in the future.

Gypsum blocks (or electrical resistance blocks). This tool to measure soil moisture is suitable for a broader range of work than the previous one. However, it has a more fragile construction, so it must be replaced regularly.

Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR). The principle of this tool is to send an electrical signal through steel rods in the ground and then calculate the returned signal to analyze the moisture level. Dry soil produces a signal faster than wet ground. Such sensors allow accurate results to be obtained quickly. They also do not require regular maintenance. However, interpreting data with them is more complicated. Moreover, unique calibration is needed to match ground characteristics.

Remote sensing platforms. It is a complex instrument suitable for gauging various parameters. EOSDA Crop Monitoring is one of such platforms. It allows you to separate moisture content in the root and surface zones. So, you can analyze this parameter in an individual layer in detail. Moreover, EOSDA Crop Monitoring is suitable for assessing soil moisture importance for crop development, comparing the change in water level with the vegetation indices.

Assessing soil moisture on the field levels is critical before planting. The optimal amount depends on the crop type, region, and other external factors. For example, corn and coffee suffer from excessive water levels, while rice grows well in wetlands. If you manage a single field, calculating the optimal water content is easy. However, this process is complicated and costly for large agricultural cooperatives and companies. EOSDA Crop Monitoring allows you to avoid high costs and optimize your work. So, users can add all their fields to the account and monitor soil moisture levels in each of them online. They can also use the field log to coordinate planting dates.

Atmospheric drought is always accompanied by soil drought. The latter is displayed in a critical decrease of water due to overheating. Moreover, the concentration of soil solution rises to toxic levels. The EOSDA Crop Monitoring platform can help predict extremely high temperatures and droughts. For this purpose, users can use the 14-day meteorological forecast and historical data that help analyze drought trends in a particular region over the long term. With this information, you can effectively plan the irrigation of risk areas, maintaining optimum soil moisture for plant growth. To learn about critical temperature changes promptly, use the Weather Risk addon to receive automatic alerts.

Therefore, soil moisture control and prediction are essential to ensure optimal plant growth. Precise application of remote sensing in soil moisture allows you to create the best conditions for the crop: saturate the ground with nutrients and maintain an optimal water balance. Modern smart farming technologies make it possible to automate this process and increase productivity. Moreover, the EOSDA Crop Monitoring software provides much more capabilities. It is an efficient GIS tool that you can integrate with other products using the API. For example, you can create a virtual map for an entire region. Contact our sales team to learn more about the features of our software for your needs and your product. Our R&D team will find the best custom solution for you.

Soil moisture is the water content of the soil. It can be expressed in terms of volume or weight. Soil moisture measurement can be based on in situ probes (e.g., capacitance probes, neutron probes) or remote sensing methods.[1][2]

Water that enters a field is removed from a field by runoff, drainage, evaporation or transpiration.[3] Runoff is the water that flows on the surface to the edge of the field; drainage is the water that flows through the soil downward or toward the edge of the field underground; evaporative water loss from a field is that part of the water that evaporates into the atmosphere directly from the field's surface; transpiration is the loss of water from the field by its evaporation from the plant itself.

In addition, water alters the soil profile by dissolving and re-depositing mineral and organic solutes and colloids, often at lower levels, a process called leaching. In a loam soil, solids constitute half the volume, gas one-quarter of the volume, and water one-quarter of the volume of which only half will be available to most plants, with a strong variation according to matric potential.[6]

Water moves in soil under the influence of gravity, osmosis and capillarity.[7] When water enters the soil, it displaces air from interconnected macropores by buoyancy, and breaks aggregates into which air is entrapped, a process called slaking.[8]The rate at which a soil can absorb water depends on the soil and its other conditions. As a plant grows, its roots remove water from the largest pores (macropores) first. Soon the larger pores hold only air, and the remaining water is found only in the intermediate- and smallest-sized pores (micropores). The water in the smallest pores is so strongly held to particle surfaces that plant roots cannot pull it away. Consequently, not all soil water is available to plants, with a strong dependence on texture.[9] When saturated, the soil may lose nutrients as the water drains.[10] Water moves in a draining field under the influence of pressure where the soil is locally saturated and by capillarity pull to drier parts of the soil.[11] Most plant water needs are supplied from the suction caused by evaporation from plant leaves (transpiration) and a lower fraction is supplied by suction created by osmotic pressure differences between the plant interior and the soil solution.[12][13] Plant roots must seek out water and grow preferentially in moister soil microsites,[14] but some parts of the root system are also able to remoisten dry parts of the soil.[15] Insufficient water will damage the yield of a crop.[16] Most of the available water is used in transpiration to pull nutrients into the plant.[17]

Soil water is also important for climate modeling and numerical weather prediction. The Global Climate Observing System specified soil water as one of the 50 Essential Climate Variables (ECVs).[18] Soil water can be measured in situ with soil moisture sensors or can be estimated at various scales and resolution: from local or wifi measures via sensors in the soil to satellite imagery that combines data capture and hydrological models. Each method exhibits pros and cons, and hence, the integration of different techniques may decrease the drawbacks of a single given method.[19]

Water is retained in a soil when the adhesive force of attraction that water's hydrogen atoms have for the oxygen of soil particles is stronger than the cohesive forces that water's hydrogen feels for water oxygen atoms.[26] When a field is flooded, the soil pore space is completely filled by water. The field will drain under the force of gravity until it reaches what is called field capacity, at which point the smallest pores are filled with water and the largest with water and gases.[27] The total amount of water held when field capacity is reached is a function of the specific surface area of the soil particles.[28] As a result, high clay and high organic soils have higher field capacities.[29] The potential energy of water per unit volume relative to pure water in reference conditions is called water potential. Total water potential is a sum of matric potential which results from capillary action, osmotic potential for saline soil, and gravitational potential when dealing with downward water movement. Water potential in soil usually has negative values, and therefore it is also expressed in suction, which is defined as the minus of water potential. Suction has a positive value and can be regarded as the total force required to pull or push water out of soil. Water potential or suction is expressed in units of kPa (103 pascal), bar (100 kPa), or cm H2O (approximately 0.098 kPa). Common logarithm of suction in cm H2O is called pF.[30] Therefore, pF 3 = 1000 cm = 98 kPa = 0.98 bar. 006ab0faaa