Sensors Tutorial:

1)Flame sensor:

Usage:

These types of sensors are used for short range fire detection and can be used to monitor projects or as a safety precaution to cut devices off

How it works:

The flame sensor is very sensitive to IR wavelength at 760 nm ~ 1100 nm light.

Analog output (A0): Real-time output voltage signal on the thermal resistance.

Digital output (D0): When the temperature reaches a certain threshold, the output high and low signal threshold adjustable via potentiometer.

Pins:

VCC...... Positive voltage input: 5v for analog 3.3v for Digital.

A0.......... Analog output

D0......... Digital output

GND..... Ground

2)Sound sensor:

Usage:

Sound sensors can be used for a variety of things. Today however we are going to use hook up the sound sensor to control the motion of the car which will beat with music, clapping or knocking.

How it works:

This module allows you to detect when sound has exceeded a set point you select.Sound is detected via a microphone and fed into an LM393 op amp.

Pins:

AOUT - A4

VCC - 5V

GND - GND

3)LDR Sensor:

LDR is a photoresistor is a light-controlled variable resistor.

The resistance of a photoresistor decreases with increasing incident light intensity,

Usage:

A photoresistor can be applied in light-sensitive detector circuits, and light- and dark-activated switching circuits.

How it works:

Light Dependant resistors as its name suggests is simply a resistor. The LDR’s resistance changes with light. As the intensity of the light falling on it increases, the resistance of the LDR decreases. At absoulute darkness the value of resistance is very high.

4)Piezo sensor:

Usage:

A piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses the piezoelectriceffect, to measure changes in pressure, acceleration, temperature, strain, or force by converting them to an electrical charge.

How it works:

when the car get crashed , the piezo will vibrate then the buzzer will work.

Pins:

5)Ultrasonic Sensor:

Usage:

Ultrasonic sensors are divided into three broad categories: transmitters, receivers and transceivers. Transmitters convert electrical signals into ultrasound, receivers convert ultrasound into electrical signals, and transceivers can both transmit and receive ultrasound.

In a similar way to radar and sonar, ultrasonic transducers are used in systems which evaluate targets by interpreting the reflected signals.

we also can use the ultrasonic to make the RC Car stop after a certain distance.

How it works:

By measuring the time between sending a signal and receiving an echo the distance of an object can be calculated. Passive ultrasonic sensors are basically microphones that detect ultrasonic noise that is present under certain conditions.

Pins:

1.pin Vcc - this pin is connected to 5V+.

2.pin. Trig - As soon as it goes HIGH then LOW sound wave is sent out of the transmitter .

3.pin Echo -It goes HIGH when echo of sound arrives .

4.pin GND - this pin is connected to ground.

6)Temprature sensor:

Usage:

Temperature sensor is a device which is designed specifically to measure the hotness or coldness of an object.LM35 is a precision IC temperature sensor with its output proportional to the temperature (in °C).With LM35,the temperature can be measured more accurately than with a thermistor. It also possess low self heating and does not cause more than 0.1 °C temperature rise in still air.It has find its applications on power supplies,battery management,appliances,etc.

Pins:

Pin 1 of the LM35 goes into +5V of the arduino

Pin 2 of the LM35 goes into analog pin of the arduino

Pin 3 of the LM35 goes into ground (GND) of the arduino